Vanadium carbide

Vanadium carbide[1]
Names
	Other names Vanadium Carbon
Identifiers
CAS Number	12070-10-9 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.917
PubChem CID	159387;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80893139 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	VC
Molar mass	62.953 g/mol
Appearance	refractory black cubic crystals
Density	5.77 g/cm3
Melting point	2,810 °C (5,090 °F; 3,080 K)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Structure
Crystal structure	cubic, cF8
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Vanadium carbide is the inorganic compound with the formula V C. It is an extremely hard refractory ceramic material. With a hardness of 9-9.5 Mohs, it is possibly the hardest metal-carbide known.[2] It is of interest because it is prevalent in vanadium metal and alloys.[3]

Structure and preparation

Being isomorphous with vanadium monoxide, it crystallizes in the rock salt structure. Because VC and VO are miscible, samples of VC typically contain an impurity of the oxide.[3] It is produced by heating vanadium oxides with carbon at around 1000 °C. Vanadium carbide can be formed in the (111) orientation, when formed by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Although VC is thermodynamically stable, it converts to V₂C at higher temperatures.

Vanadium carbide is used as an additive to cemented carbide, to refine the carbide crystals and thereby get an increased hardness of the inserts.

Physical properties

Vanadium Carbide has an elastic modulus of approximately 380 GPa.[4]

References

Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 4–93, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
"Ceramic and Cermet Composite Powders - PPM Ltd". Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
Günter Bauer, Volker Güther, Hans Hess, Andreas Otto, Oskar Roidl, Heinz Roller, Siegfried Sattelberger "Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_367
Hannink, R.; Murry, M. (1974). "Elastic moduli measurements of some cubic transition metal carbides and alloyed carbides". Material Science. 9 (2): 223–228. doi:10.1007/BF00550945. S2CID 135599970.

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[hand-1] Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 4–93, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2

[2] "Ceramic and Cermet Composite Powders - PPM Ltd". Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.

[Ullmann-3] Günter Bauer, Volker Güther, Hans Hess, Andreas Otto, Oskar Roidl, Heinz Roller, Siegfried Sattelberger "Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_367

[4] Hannink, R.; Murry, M. (1974). "Elastic moduli measurements of some cubic transition metal carbides and alloyed carbides". Material Science. 9 (2): 223–228. doi:10.1007/BF00550945. S2CID 135599970.