WFS1

Wolframin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WFS1 gene.[5][6][7]

WFS1
Identifiers
Aliases	WFS1, CTRCT41, WFRS, WFS, WFSL, wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein
External IDs	OMIM: 606201 MGI: 1328355 HomoloGene: 4380 GeneCards: WFS1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4p16.1 Start 6,269,849 bp[1] End 6,303,265 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5|5 B3 Start 36,966,104 bp[2] End 36,989,205 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • ATPase binding • activating transcription factor binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • ubiquitin protein ligase binding • calcium-dependent protein binding • calmodulin binding • proteasome binding Cellular component • integral component of membrane • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • membrane • integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane • dendrite • endoplasmic reticulum • proteasome complex • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane Biological process • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process • negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway • calcium ion homeostasis • glucose homeostasis • kidney development • protein stabilization • nervous system process • positive regulation of growth • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • sensory perception of sound • endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis • protein maturation by protein folding • negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response • negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • response to endoplasmic reticulum stress • positive regulation of protein metabolic process • ER overload response • IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response • ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway • renal water homeostasis • negative regulation of programmed cell death • positive regulation of protein ubiquitination • negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process • visual perception • positive regulation of calcium ion transport • pancreas development • endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response • olfactory behavior • post-translational modification • cellular protein metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7466	22393
Ensembl	ENSG00000109501	ENSMUSG00000039474
UniProt	O76024	P56695
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_006005 NM_001145853	NM_011716
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001139325 NP_005996	NP_035846
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 6.27 – 6.3 Mb	Chr 5: 36.97 – 36.99 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes a transmembrane protein, which is located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum and ubiquitously expressed with highest levels in brain, pancreas, heart, and insulinoma beta-cell lines.[7] Wolframin appears to function as a cation-selective ion channel.[8]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are associated with Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness), an autosomal recessive disorder. The disease is characterized by noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and bilateral progressive optic atrophy, usually presenting in childhood or early adult life. Diverse neurologic symptoms, including a predisposition to psychiatric illness, may also be associated with this disorder. A large number and variety of mutations in this gene, particularly in exon 8, can be associated with this syndrome. Mutations in this gene can also cause autosomal dominant deafness 6 (DFNA6), also known as DFNA14 or DFNA38.[7]

Mutations in this gene have also been associated with congenital cataracts.[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109501 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039474 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Polymeropoulos MH, Swift RG, Swift M (Jan 1995). "Linkage of the gene for Wolfram syndrome to markers on the short arm of chromosome 4". Nat Genet. 8 (1): 95–7. doi:10.1038/ng0994-95. PMID 7987399. S2CID 13210147.
6. Inoue H, Tanizawa Y, Wasson J, Behn P, Kalidas K, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Mueckler M, Marshall H, Donis-Keller H, Crock P, Rogers D, Mikuni M, Kumashiro H, Higashi K, Sobue G, Oka Y, Permutt MA (Oct 1998). "A gene encoding a transmembrane protein is mutated in patients with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy (Wolfram syndrome)". Nat Genet. 20 (2): 143–8. doi:10.1038/2441. PMID 9771706. S2CID 11917210.
7. "WFS1 wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". National Center for Biotechnology Information.
8. Osman AA, Saito M, Makepeace C, Permutt MA, Schlesinger P, Mueckler M (December 2003). "Wolframin expression induces novel ion channel activity in endoplasmic reticulum membranes and increases intracellular calcium". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (52): 52755–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M310331200. PMID 14527944.
9. Berry V, Gregory-Evans C, Emmett W, Waseem N, Raby J, Prescott D, Moore AT, Bhattacharya SS (March 2013). "Wolfram gene (WFS1) mutation causes autosomal dominant congenital nuclear cataract in humans". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 21 (12): 1356–60. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.52. PMC 3831071. PMID 23531866.

Further reading

• Khanim F, Kirk J, Latif F, Barrett TG (2001). "WFS1/wolframin mutations, Wolfram syndrome, and associated diseases". Hum. Mutat. 17 (5): 357–67. doi:10.1002/humu.1110. PMID 11317350. S2CID 2944382.
• Cryns K, Sivakumaran TA, Van den Ouweland JM, et al. (2004). "Mutational spectrum of the WFS1 gene in Wolfram syndrome, nonsyndromic hearing impairment, diabetes mellitus, and psychiatric disease". Hum. Mutat. 22 (4): 275–87. doi:10.1002/humu.10258. PMID 12955714. S2CID 39815754.
• McHugh RK, Friedman RA (2006). "Genetics of hearing loss: Allelism and modifier genes produce a phenotypic continuum". The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 288 (4): 370–81. doi:10.1002/ar.a.20297. PMID 16550584.
• Lesperance MM, Hall JW, Bess FH, et al. (1996). "A gene for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing impairment maps to 4p16.3". Hum. Mol. Genet. 4 (10): 1967–72. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.10.1967. PMID 8595423.
• Strom TM, Hörtnagel K, Hofmann S, et al. (1999). "Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness (DIDMOAD) caused by mutations in a novel gene (wolframin) coding for a predicted transmembrane protein". Hum. Mol. Genet. 7 (13): 2021–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.13.2021. PMID 9817917.
• Van Camp G, Kunst H, Flothmann K, et al. (1999). "A gene for autosomal dominant hearing impairment (DFNA14) maps to a region on chromosome 4p16.3 that does not overlap the DFNA6 locus". J. Med. Genet. 36 (7): 532–6. doi:10.1136/jmg.36.7.532 (inactive 2021-01-13). PMC 1734405. PMID 10424813.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (link)
• Hardy C, Khanim F, Torres R, et al. (1999). "Clinical and molecular genetic analysis of 19 Wolfram syndrome kindreds demonstrating a wide spectrum of mutations in WFS1". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65 (5): 1279–90. doi:10.1086/302609. PMC 1288280. PMID 10521293.
• Furlong RA, Ho LW, Rubinsztein JS, et al. (2000). "A rare coding variant within the wolframin gene in bipolar and unipolar affective disorder cases". Neurosci. Lett. 277 (2): 123–6. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00865-4. PMID 10624825. S2CID 31662957.
• Awata T, Inoue K, Kurihara S, et al. (2000). "Missense variations of the gene responsible for Wolfram syndrome (WFS1/wolframin) in Japanese: possible contribution of the Arg456His mutation to type 1 diabetes as a nonautoimmune genetic basis". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268 (2): 612–6. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2169. PMID 10679252.
• Ohtsuki T, Ishiguro H, Yoshikawa T, Arinami T (2000). "WFS1 gene mutation search in depressive patients: detection of five missense polymorphisms but no association with depression or bipolar affective disorder". Journal of Affective Disorders. 58 (1): 11–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00099-3. PMID 10760554.
• Gómez-Zaera M, Strom TM, Rodríguez B, et al. (2001). "Presence of a major WFS1 mutation in Spanish Wolfram syndrome pedigrees". Mol. Genet. Metab. 72 (1): 72–81. doi:10.1006/mgme.2000.3107. PMID 11161832.
• Kaytor EN, Zhu JL, Pao CI, Phillips LS (2001). "Physiological concentrations of insulin promote binding of nuclear proteins to the insulin-like growth factor I gene". Endocrinology. 142 (3): 1041–9. doi:10.1210/en.142.3.1041. PMID 11181517.
• Takeda K, Inoue H, Tanizawa Y, et al. (2001). "WFS1 (Wolfram syndrome 1) gene product: predominant subcellular localization to endoplasmic reticulum in cultured cells and neuronal expression in rat brain". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (5): 477–84. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.5.477. PMID 11181571.
• Tessa A, Carbone I, Matteoli MC, et al. (2001). "Identification of novel WFS1 mutations in Italian children with Wolfram syndrome". Hum. Mutat. 17 (4): 348–9. doi:10.1002/humu.32. PMID 11295831. S2CID 45109749.
• Bespalova IN, Van Camp G, Bom SJ, et al. (2002). "Mutations in the Wolfram syndrome 1 gene (WFS1) are a common cause of low frequency sensorineural hearing loss". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (22): 2501–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.22.2501. PMC 6198816. PMID 11709537.
• Young TL, Ives E, Lynch E, et al. (2002). "Non-syndromic progressive hearing loss DFNA38 is caused by heterozygous missense mutation in the Wolfram syndrome gene WFS1". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (22): 2509–14. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.22.2509. PMID 11709538.
• Crawford J, Zielinski MA, Fisher LJ, et al. (2002). "Is there a relationship between Wolfram syndrome carrier status and suicide?". Am. J. Med. Genet. 114 (3): 343–6. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10256. PMID 11920861.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on WFS1-Related Disorders

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.