Wessex Main Line

The Wessex Main Line is the railway line from Bristol Temple Meads to Southampton Central.[1] Diverging from this route is the Heart of Wessex Line from Westbury to Weymouth. The Wessex Main Line intersects the Reading to Taunton Line at Westbury and the West of England Main Line at Salisbury.

Wessex Main Line
Crossing the river at Bradford-on-Avon
Overview
Status	Operational
Owner	Network Rail
Locale	Wiltshire Hampshire South East England South West England
Service
Type	Suburban rail, Heavy rail
System	National Rail
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Wessex Main Line
Bristol–Exeter line to Taunton Bristol Temple Meads South Wales Main Line to Cardiff Central St Anne's Park Keynsham Saltford Twerton-on-Avon Oldfield Park Bath Spa Hampton Row Halt Bathampton Bathampton Junction Great Western main line Bristol & North Somerset Rly Camerton branch Limpley Stoke Freshford Avoncliff Thingley Junction Great Western main line to London Lacock Halt Beanacre Halt Melksham Broughton Gifford Halt Devizes branch line Holt Junction Holt Junction Staverton Halt Bradford-on-Avon Bradford South Junction Trowbridge Reading–Taunton line to Reading Westbury Reading–Taunton line to Taunton Dilton Marsh Warminster Heytesbury Codford Camp Branch Codford A303 Wylye Langford Wishford Wilton North West of England line to Exeter Wilton South Salisbury River Avon Salisbury Tunnel West of England line to London Milford goods depot Alderbury staff platforms Salisbury & Dorset Jn Rly Dean Mottisfont & Dunbridge Sprat and Winkle Line & Andover to Redbridge Line River Test Romsey Eastleigh–Romsey line M27 Nursling South Western main line to Bournemouth and Weymouth Redbridge Millbrook Southampton Central Southampton Tunnel Southampton Terminus South Western main line to London West Coastway line to Brighton

Places served

The places served are listed below.

• Bristol Temple Meads
• Keynsham
• Oldfield Park
• Bath Spa
  • Great Western Main Line diverges to Chippenham, Swindon and London Paddington
• Freshford
• Avoncliff
• Bradford-on-Avon
• Trowbridge
• Westbury
  • Heart of Wessex Line diverges to Weymouth
• Dilton Marsh
• Warminster
• Salisbury
• Dean
• Mottisfont & Dunbridge
• Romsey
  • Eastleigh to Romsey Line diverges to Chandler's Ford and Eastleigh
• Southampton

Passenger services are currently operated by Great Western Railway local services, supplemented by South Western Railway between Salisbury and Bristol Temple Meads and also between Salisbury and Southampton, and by Great Western high-speed express services between Bristol and Bath.[2] Some services start at Swindon. Many services continue beyond Southampton along the West Coastway line to Portsmouth Harbour and Brighton, and beyond Bristol to Severn Tunnel Junction, Newport and Cardiff Central along the South Wales Main Line.

Chippenham branch

There is a link from Trowbridge to Chippenham, with an intermediate stop at Melksham. Despite showing strong passenger growth in the previous few years, the new franchise reduced services in December 2006 to two each way per day, at times barely convenient for commuters. The frequency was increased from December 2013 and services were extended south to Westbury and north to Swindon, providing a regular timetable branded as TransWilts.[3]

History

Southampton to Salisbury

The South Western Main Line of the London and Southampton Railway, which changed its name to the London and South Western Railway in 1839, had reached Southampton in 1840. A branch to Salisbury (Midford) from a junction on the main line at Eastleigh (then called Bishopstoke) was opened in 1847. The branch passes through Romsey and the Dean valley; today part of its route forms the Eastleigh-Romsey line.

A more direct route between Southampton and Romsey was adopted in 1865 on completion of the Sprat and Winkle Line (at first by the Andover and Redbridge Railway, but taken over by the LSWR before completion). This forms the current route of the Wessex Main Line: departing westbound from Southampton Central via Millbrook and Redbridge before branching north to Romsey.

North of Salisbury

The line through Wiltshire and Somerset was completed in stages, after the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway (WS&WR) was authorised by Parliament in 1845. The first section to be opened, in 1848, ran from Thingley junction to the west of Chippenham on the Great Western Railway, via Melksham and Trowbridge to Westbury.[4] The WS&WR company was unable to fund further construction, and in 1849 the directors decided to sell their line to the GWR.

The GWR's branch to Salisbury from Westbury was completed through the Wylye valley in 1856, with the first section, as far as Warminster, having been opened in 1851.[5]

The route from a junction near Staverton, north of Trowbridge, to Bradford-on-Avon had been constructed in 1848 but the rails were not laid. This branch, via Bradford then along the Avon valley to join the GWR main line at Bathampton, was completed in 1857.

Across Salisbury

Further work was required at Salisbury to complete the Bristol-Southampton route, as the GWR station was in the west of the city at Fisherton, about 1 mile (1.6 km) away from the earlier LSWR station at Milford on the southeast side. In 1857 the LSWR's West of England line (London-Exeter via Basingstoke and Andover) arrived in northeast Salisbury, at first using the Midford station. In 1859 the LSWR opened a new station at Fisherton, immediately south of the GWR station, to serve two lines: the Andover line, which had been extended across the city, and the new Salisbury and Yeovil Railway towards Exeter. The Milford station was then closed to passengers.[6]

A transit shed was opened between the two Fisherton stations in 1860, to allow goods to be transferred between the GWR's broad gauge wagons and the LSWR's standard gauge. Following the conversion of the GWR to standard gauge in 1874, a connecting siding was built in 1878 to allow shunting of wagons. A direct route for passengers came into use with the inauguration of a Cardiff to Portsmouth service in 1896.[7]

20th century

At Salisbury, the LSWR station (which had been expanded in 1878) was further expanded and remodelled, with a large extension to the station building completed in 1902.[8] The GWR station continued to be used by branch services until it was closed to passengers in 1932; it was used as a goods depot until 1991 and is now part of Salisbury Traincare Depot.[9] Milford continued as a major goods depot until 1967.[10]

Westbury station was rebuilt in 1899 to cater for the Stert and Westbury Railway, opened 1900, which now forms part of the Reading-Taunton line.

On the Chippenham branch, the halts at Beanacre and Broughton Gifford closed in 1955.[11] The smaller stations on the Salisbury branch – Heytesbury, Codford, Wylye and Wilton North – closed to passengers in the same year,[12] although in most cases goods service continued into the 1960s. In Hampshire, Nursling station closed in 1957.[13]

Bathampton[14] and Limpley Stoke[15] stations closed in 1966. The same year saw closure of the remaining local stations on the Chippenham branch: Lacock Halt, Beanacre Halt, Melksham, Holt (along with the entire Devizes branch) and Staverton Halt.[11][16] The section of line between Thingley Jn and Bradford Junction continued to be used by freight trains and occasional passenger trains, such as during engineering works or summer excursions. A regular passenger service was reinstated in 1985 with the reopening of Melksham station.

References

1. Le Vay, Julian; Le Vay, Benedict (2014). Britain from the Rails: Including the nation's best-kept-secret railways. Bradt Travel Guide. pp. 145–147. ISBN 9781841629193.
2. "Rail Travel". Destination Wessex. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
3. "Train timetable". Melksham Rail User Group. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
4. Oakley 2004, p. 140.
5. Oakley 2004, p. 138.
6. Oakley 2004, pp. 106-113.
7. Oakley 2004, p. 107.
8. Oakley 2004, pp. 110-112.
9. Oakley 2004, pp. 108-109.
10. Oakley 2004, p. 113.
11. Oakley 2004, p. 14.
12. Crittall, Elizabeth, ed. (1959). "Railways". A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 4. London: University of London. pp. 280–293. Retrieved 23 March 2017 – via British History Online.
13. Butt 1995, p. 176.
14. Butt 1995, p. 29.
15. "Limpley Stoke Station". Bradford on Avon Museum. 30 September 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
16. Oakley 2004, pp. 68-70.

• Butt, R. V. J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Stephens. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7.
• Oakley, Mike (2004). Wiltshire Railway Stations. Wimborne: The Dovecote Press. pp. 61–62. ISBN 1904349331.

Further reading

• Daniels, Gerald David; Dench, Leslie Alan (May 1973) [1964]. Passengers No More (2nd ed.). Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0438-2. OCLC 2554248. 1513 CEC 573.