Western Yan
The Western Yan (Chinese: 西燕; pinyin: Xī Yān; 384-394) was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. It was founded by Murong Hong in 384 in the aftermaths of Former Qin's defeat by Jin Dynasty (265-420) at the Battle of Fei River, with the stated intent of permitting the Xianbei, whom Former Qin's emperor Fu Jiān had relocated to Former Qin's capital region after destroying Former Yan in 370. It initially also was intended to rescue the last Former Yan emperor Murong Wei, until he was executed by Fu Jiān in 385. It was a state that was characterized by extreme political instability and internal fighting, as all seven of its rulers (during a short span of 10 years) died of unnatural causes. After eviscerating Former Qin, the people of the state abandoned the Guanzhong region and headed east back toward their homeland, but eventually settled down in modern Shanxi. It was destroyed in 394 as Later Yan's emperor Murong Chui wanted to reunite the people formerly of Yan and conquered it.
Western Yan (西燕) 燕 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 384–394 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Capital | Chang'an (385-386) Zhangzi (386-394) | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 384 | Murong Hong | ||||||||
• 384-386 | Murong Chong | ||||||||
• 386-394 | Murong Yong | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 384 | ||||||||
• Murong Chong's claim of imperial title | 27 January 385[1][2] | ||||||||
• Capturing of Chang'an | 385 | ||||||||
• Abandoning of Chang'an | 386 | ||||||||
• Settling at Zhangzi | 386 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 394 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China | ||||||||
Some rulers of the Western Yan declared themselves emperors while some declared themselves wang (translatable as either "king" or "prince").
Rulers of the Western Yan
| Posthumous names | Personal name | Durations of reign | Era names |
|---|---|---|---|
| – | Murong Hong | 384 | Yanxing (燕興) 384 |
| Wei | Murong Chong | 384-386 | Yanxing (燕興) 384 Gengshi (更始) 385-386 |
| – | Duan Sui | 386 | Changping (昌平) 386 |
| – | Murong Yi | 386 | Jianming (建明) 386 |
| – | Murong Yao | 386 | Jianping (建平) 386 |
| – | Murong Zhong | 386 | Jianwu (建武) 386 |
| – | Murong Yong | 386-394 | Zhongxing (中興) 386-394 |