William Caine (Hong Kong)

William Caine (17 March 1799 – 19 September 1871) was the first head of the Hong Kong Police Force (1841–1844 as Chief Magistrate), Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1854 to 1859. He attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel prior to his secretary appointment. Caine was also the acting Governor of Hong Kong between May and September 1859.

Captain Caine

Biography

Captain Caine was born in Maynooth, Ireland, on 17 March 1799.[1] He served in the British Army's 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot during the Peninsular War against Napoleon in Spain. His regiment was later transferred to Hong Kong and he began his long association with the colony.[2]

Caine was Chief Magistrate, the head of pre-Hong Kong Police Force from 1841 to 1844. The then Major Caine was appointed Colonial Secretary and Auditor General[3] from 1846 to 1854.[4] His role was considerably diminished after the arrival in 1849 of the new governor Sir John Bowring who stamped his authority on Hong Kong after his power struggle with Caine went all the way to the Colonial Office for resolution.[5]

He was the Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1854 to 1859. He was the acting Governor of Hong Kong between May and September 1859.

Caine was party to a long-running feud with William Tarrant, who, as Registrar of Deeds in 1847, accused Caine of permitting his comprador to extort vendors in Central Market and siphon prostitutes tax into private pocket.[6] An internal government inquiry held Tarrant's claim to be baseless, and Tarrant was sacked from the civil service and effectively barred from future re-employment. Tarrant then became a journalist and after purchasing the Friend of China newspaper in 1850 repeatedly attacked Caine in its pages until the latter sued Tarrant for libel in 1859, as a result of which Tarrant was sentenced to prison.[7]^:64

Caine had four sons:

• George Whittingham Caine (1832 – 31 January 1874 in Shanghai[8]); a junior clerk in the Plenipotentiary's Department in 1855.[9]
• William Hull Caine
• Henry Monteith Caine
• Charles Henry Fearon Caine

Caine retired and left Hong Kong in 1859.[10] He died on 19 September 1871 in Granville Park, Blackheath, England.[11]

Namesakes

• Caine Road, Mid-Levels, Hong Kong[12]
• Caine House, a 29-floor L-shaped building, part of the Hong Kong Police Headquarters, was built in 1987.[13]

References

1. "First Commissioner's military service medals in safe hands". Hong Kong Police Force. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
2. "Captain Caine, the "Big Man" of Hong Kong".
3. "No. 20709". The London Gazette. 26 February 1847. p. 834.
4. "About us - History of the Audit Commission". www.aud.gov.hk.
5. Munn, Christopher Munn (2012). May Holdsworth; Christopher Munn (eds.). Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9789888083664.
6. Evans, Dafydd Emrys (1972). "The Origins of Hong Kong's Central Market and the Tarrant Affair". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 12: 154–55.
7. Endacott, G. B. (2005) [1962]. A Biographical Sketch-book of Early Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 9622097421.
8. "Births, Marriages, and Deaths". The London and China Telegraph. 23 March 1874.
9. Norton-Kyshe, James William (1898). The History of the Laws and Courts of Hongkong. Volume 1. London: T. Fisher Unwin. p. 354.
10. "William CAINE [1799-1871] - Gwulo: Old Hong Kong". gwulo.com.
11. Colburn's United Service Magazine, and Naval and Military Journal. London: Hurst and Blackett. 1871. Part 3. p. 295.
12. Wordie, Jason (2002). Streets: exploring Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-962-209-563-2.
13. GmbH, Emporis. "Caine Building, Hong Kong - 152272 - EMPORIS". www.emporis.com.

Further reading

• Endacott, G. B. (2005) [1962]. A biographical sketch-book of early Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 978-962-209-742-1.