XIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)

The XIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: 13 ncü Kolordu or On Üçüncü Kolordu) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.

XIII Corps
On Üçüncü Kolordu
Ali İhsan Bey and his men (Hamadan)
Active1911–
CountryOttoman Empire
TypeCorps
Garrison/HQBaghdad
PatronSultans of the Ottoman Empire
EngagementsMesopotamian campaign
Persian Campaign
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Mirliva Hüsamettin Pasha
Mirliva Ali İhsan Pasha (February 1916-October 1917[1])
Miralay Selâhattin Bey

Formation

Order of battle, 1911

With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the XIII Corps was headquartered in Baghdad. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:[2]

  • XIII Corps, Baghdad
    • 37th Infantry Division, Baghdad
      • 109th Infantry Regiment,
      • 110th Infantry Regiment, vicinity of Baghdad
      • 111th Infantry Regiment, Baghdad
      • 37th Rifle Battalion, Najaf
      • 37th Field Artillery Regiment, Baghdad
      • 37th Division Band, Baghdad
    • 38th Infantry Division, Basra
      • 112th Infantry Regiment, Basra
      • 113th Infantry Regiment, Amara, Baghdad
      • 114th Infantry Regiment, Müntafik
      • 38th Rifle Battalion, vicinity of Baghdad
      • Field Artillery Battalion, Baghdad
  • Units of XIII Corps
  • 14th Cavalry Brigade, Baghdad
    • 33rd Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad
    • 34th Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad
    • 35th Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad
  • 25th Mountain Artillery Battalion, Baghdad
  • 13th Engineer Company, Baghdad
  • 13th telegraph Company, Baghdad
  • 13th Transport Battalion, Baghdad
  • Border companies x 6

World War I

Order of battle, August 1914

In August 1914, the corps was structured as follows:[3]

  • XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
    • 37th Division

Order of battle, November 1914

In November 1914, the corps was structured as follows:[4]

Order of battle, late summer 1915

In the late summer of 1915, the corps was structured as follows:[5]

  • XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
    • 35th Division, 38th Division

Order of battle, January 1916

In January 1916, the corps was structured as follows:[6]

  • XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
    • 35th Division, 52nd Division

Order of battle, August 1916, December 1916

In August 1916, December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:[7]

  • XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)

Order of battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918

In August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918, the corps was structured as follows:[8]

  • XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
    • 2nd Division, 6th Division

After Mudros

Order of battle, November 1918

In November 1918, the corps was structured as follows:[9]

  • XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
    • 2nd Division, 6th Division

Order of battle, January 1919

In January 1919, the corps was structured as follows:[10][11]

  • XIII Corps (Mesopotamia, Diyâr-ı Bekir)
    • 2nd Division (Salur)
      • 14th Infantry Regiment, 15th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Regiment
    • 5th Division (Mardin)
      • 1st Infantry Regiment, 6th Infantry Regiment, 18th Infantry Regiment
    • 12th Cavalry Regiment

Sources
  1. T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 145. (in Turkish)
  2. Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 382.
  3. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38.
  4. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 43.
  5. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 109.
  6. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 126.
  7. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 134, 154.
  8. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170, 181, 188, 197.
  9. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.
  10. Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 209.
  11. Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918-1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 326.
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