XM214 Microgun

The XM214 Microgun is an American prototype 5.56 mm rotary-barreled machine gun. It was designed and built by General Electric. The XM214 was a scaled-down smaller and lighter version of the M134 Minigun, firing M193 5.56×45mm ammunition.

XM214 Microgun
XM214 Microgun
TypeRotary-barrel machine gun
Place of originUnited States
Production history
DesignerGeneral Electric
Designed1966[1]
ManufacturerGeneral Electric/General Dynamics
Produced1970s - ?; In G.E. catalog until late 1990s[2]
No. builtUnknown; 10 Six-Paks delivered to WECOM/US Air Force
VariantsNone known
Specifications
Massbasic gun 25.5 lb (Six-Pak 27 lb); drive motor 7.5 lb, side-stripping feeder 3 lb
Length41.0 inches (Six-Pak); basic gun 27.0 inches
Barrel length533 mm
Cartridge5.56×45mm M193
Caliber.223
ActionMechanically driven rotary breech; motor develops 0.75 hp @ 2,000 rpm; 1.5 hp @ 6,000 rpm; 3.2 hp @ 10,000 rpm
Rate of firePrototype and gun pod for aircraft: variable from 400 to 10,000 rpm (1,000; 6,000; 10,000 rpm were available) Six-Pak: variable from 400 to 4,000 rpm; bursts from 3 to 1,500 rounds
Muzzle velocity3,250 ft/s, 990 m/s
Feed systemBelt and chute
SightsIron

Development

The XM214 was first developed for aircraft applications. Later General Electric developed it into a man-portable weapon system, known as the GE Six-Pak. The complete Six-Pak system weighed 85 pounds (38.5 kg) with 1,000 rounds of ammunition, comparable in weight to some heavy machine guns. The basic gun in the Six-Pak weighed 27 pounds, or 12.2 kg. The system could be carried by a team of two soldiers and mounted either to an M122 tripod or a vehicle's pintle mount. Length overall is 104.1 cm, gun only is 68.6 cm long. Width (including ammunition case) is 44.4 cm. Sighting was usually by optical telescope.

The Six-Pak consisted of the XM214, the power module, and the ammunition module consisted of two 500-round, factory packed, and disposable cassettes mounted to a holding rack. Linked ammunition was fed through a flexible chute to the gun; when the first cassette was empty, ammunition would then feed from the second cassette, tripping a visible signal that a new cassette needed to be added to the rack.

The power module contained a 24-volt nickel-cadmium battery, a 0.8 horsepower (0.60 kW) motor, and solid-state electronic controls. Unless the battery was plugged into a vehicle's power supply, the battery's charge would be depleted after 3,000 rounds. The system could be broken down quickly into two portable loads of roughly 42 pounds apiece. This was accomplished by means of a quick-release fitting at that end of the belt chute fastened to the gun.

Electronic controls contained a burst limiter and handled the automatic clearing of the gun after bursts. Using the electronic controls, the weapon's rate of fire could be adjusted from 400 rpm all the way up to 4,000 rpm. Later editions of Jane's Infantry Weapons claimed a theoretical cyclic rate of up to 6,000 rpm. George Chinn, author of The Machine Gun Volume V, contended that the XM214 prototype had a rate of fire of up to 10,000 rpm, but the man-portable Six-Pak was limited to 4,000 rpm.

Microgun Pod

An 88 by 10 inch (224 x 25 cm) 5.56mm Microgun Pod was also developed for external use on light aircraft and helicopters. The unit had an ammunition capacity of 1,500 to 3,500 rounds and a loaded weight of 186 to 300 pounds. The feeding system was linkless via a helical drum and had a nominal rate of fire of 6,000 rpm. Adjustments to 1,000 or 10,000 rpm were possible if desired. Power could be provided by a built-in battery pack or from the aircraft itself.

Promotion and reception

The ability to fire the 5.56 mm round used by the M16 rifle was the major selling point for the Microgun. With a fast-firing gun using standard assault rifle ammunition, the US Army and US Air Force showed interest for use of the XM214 on aircraft, helicopters, and armored vehicles. The smaller and lighter Microgun could replace the Minigun on heavily armed gunship aircraft and attack helicopters, freeing up space for ammo, equipment, and even more guns. Certain small aircraft that could not handle the larger Miniguns could be given the XM214 in a 300-pound pod. General Electric pitched the weapon to the US Navy for use on riverine craft. Company engineers proposed many mounting arrangements including open doors, in an aircraft's wings or nose, putting half a dozen guns in a modified bomb bay, and even in turrets of an automated defense network. However, the Microgun's prominent feature of using 5.56 mm ammunition was also its downfall. For aircraft gunners, accuracy suffered at high speeds, and range, compared to the 7.62 mm Minigun, was limited. General Electric tried to refocus its efforts by making the Microgun an infantry weapon, but the Army showed no interest.[3]

See also
  • XM133, a gas-operated variant.
  • EX-17 Heligun – A two-barrel 7.62 mm calibre machine gun, a rival to the M134.

Non-NATO:

General:

References
  • Chinn, George (1987). The Machine Gun Volume V. RAMP Inc. ASIN B000GKSS1M.

Notes
  1. "Armory". Vintage Side. Archived from the original (Machine guns, US XM214 Microgun) on February 21, 2015.
  2. Popenker, Maxim. "XM214 Microgun". Modern Firearms. Archived from the original on January 22, 2019.
  3. Trevithick, Joseph (November 25, 2014). "The Minigun's Smaller Cousin Was a Flop". War Is Boring. Medium.
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