Yellow Springs, Ohio

Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,487 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home of Antioch College.

Yellow Springs, Ohio
Village
Former railroad station
Motto(s): 
Find Yourself Here
Location of Yellow Springs, Ohio
Location of Yellow Springs in Greene County
Coordinates: 39°48′N 83°54′W
CountryUnited States
StateOhio
CountyGreene
Area
 • Total2.70 sq mi (6.99 km2)
 • Land2.70 sq mi (6.99 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Population
 • Total3,487
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
3,744
 • Density1,386.67/sq mi (535.46/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
45387
Area code(s)937, 326
FIPS code39-86940
Websiteyso.com

History

In 1825, the village was founded by William Mills and approximately 100 families, followers of Robert Owen, who wanted to emulate the utopian community at New Harmony, Indiana. The communitarian efforts dissolved due to internal conflicts.

The village was named after nearby natural springs with waters high in iron content. It had long been visited by the Shawnee Native Americans who occupied the area well before European-American settlement here.

The completion of the Little Miami Railroad in 1846 brought increased commerce, inhabitants, and tourism to this area of Greene County. Many regular visitors of the nineteenth century came for the springs, as these were believed to have medicinal benefits. The village of Yellow Springs was incorporated in 1856.[4]

Antioch College was founded in 1850 by the Christian Connection, and began operating in 1853 with the distinguished scholar Horace Mann as its first president. In 1920, Arthur E. Morgan became president of Antioch College; he was known for his innovations and implemented a much-imitated work-study program for students. An engineer by training, Morgan left Antioch to become head of the Tennessee Valley Authority during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. Upon his return to Yellow Springs, Morgan was a key leader of Quaker intentional community developments in Ohio and North Carolina.

Antioch College expanded beginning in 1964, to include 38 "centers" around the country by the end of 1979. Its by-laws were changed to define Antioch as a "network", not a college, owned by Antioch University Corporation. In 1986, 32 of its units around the country were closed, leaving six campuses, which included both its original College campus in Yellow Springs and the college's School of Adult and Experiential Learning there. It operated separately as Antioch University McGregor. That adult and graduate education school was renamed as Antioch University Midwest in 1988.

In 2008, citing financial exigency, the University closed the College campus in Yellow Springs. College alumni, forming the Antioch College Continuation Corporation, bought back the College's name and campus. They reopened in 2011 as the independent Antioch College.[5] Now, Antioch University and Antioch College are wholly separate institutions.

The Conway Colony, a group of 30 freed slaves who were transported by Moncure D. Conway, the abolitionist son of their former owner, were settled in this village in 1862.[6]

Wheeling Gaunt, a former slave who had purchased his own freedom, came to Yellow Springs in the 1860s. By his death in 1894, he owned a substantial amount of land. Gaunt bequeathed to the village a large piece of land on its western side, requesting that the rent be used to buy flour for the "poor and worthy widows" of Yellow Springs. Although the land was used to create Gaunt Park, and thus does not generate rent, the village expanded the bequest to include sugar. It still delivers flour and sugar to the village's widows at Christmas time, a tradition that generates annual media coverage.[7]

In 1926, the Antioch Publishing Company was founded by two then-current Antioch College students as "The Antioch Bookplate Company".[8] It expanded and began selling children's books, gifts, and craft products before selling the publishing company in to rebrand as Creative Memories and focus on gift items.[9] The remaining Yellow Spring facility of Creative Memories closed in 2012.[10]

During the Red Scare of the 1950s, Yellow Springs and Antioch College came under scrutiny for alleged sympathies of faculty and students to the Communist Party, due to many locals' support of left-wing politics.[11] After being questioned by the Ohio House Un-American Activities Committee, Antioch president Douglas McGregor released a statement in 1952 that "Antioch upholds the American tradition of academic freedom. This means the right to hear and investigate all sides of any question, including the question of Russia and Communism".[11]

By the late 1960s and early '70s, the village became a center of activity for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement in southwestern Ohio. Villagers have retained a progressive cast in their politics, attracting new residents with similar ideas and establishing a unique sociopolitical demographic element in a primarily conservative region of the state.[5][12]

In 1979, Yellow Springs held the distinction of being the smallest municipality to pass an ordinance prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation.[13][14] As of 2014, it had the largest LGBT population of all Ohio's villages.[15]

Geography

Yellow Springs is located at 39°48′6″N 83°53′34″W (39.801723, −83.892662).[16] According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.02 square miles (5.23 km2), all of it land.[17]

The village takes its name from a nearby natural spring that is rich in iron ore, leaving a yellowish-orange coloring on the rocks. Now included within the nearby Glen Helen Nature Preserve,[18] in the mid-19th century, it became the center of a resort. In this period, many individuals traveled to areas of such springs, believing the waters had medicinal benefits.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1850138—
18601,319855.8%
18701,4358.8%
18801,377−4.0%
18901,375−0.1%
19001,371−0.3%
19101,360−0.8%
19201,264−7.1%
19301,42712.9%
19401,64014.9%
19502,89676.6%
19604,16743.9%
19704,62411.0%
19804,077−11.8%
19903,973−2.6%
20003,761−5.3%
20103,487−7.3%
2019 (est.)3,744[3]7.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[19]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 3,487 people, 1,672 households, and 902 families living in the village. The population density was 1,726.2 inhabitants per square mile (666.5/km2). There were 1,805 housing units at an average density of 893.6 per square mile (345.0/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 78.1% White, 12.0% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 7.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 1,672 households, of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.1% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.70.

The median age in the village was 48.5 years. 19.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.6% were from 25 to 44; 33.1% were from 45 to 64; and 21.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.0% male and 54.0% female.

According to the US Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the village was $56,000 and the median income for a family was $71,379. Males had a median income of $52,208 versus $52,019 for females. The per capita income for the village was $32,886. About 6.7% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census

As of the census[20] of 2000, there were 3,761 people, 1,587 households, and 896 families living in the village. The population density was 1,981.3 people per square mile (764.3/km2). There were 1,676 housing units at an average density of 882.9 per square mile (340.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 76.58% White, 14.97% African American, 0.51% Native American, 1.49% Asian American, 0.72% from other races, and 5.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.94% of the population.

There were 1,587 households, out of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.5% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 14.1% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $51,984, and the median income for a family was $67,857. Males had a median income of $41,875 versus $37,744 for females. The per capita income for the village was $27,062. About 7.3% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.2% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Yellow Springs Exempted Village School District (Yellow Springs Schools) operates three schools in the village: Mills Lawn Elementary, McKinney Middle School, and Yellow Springs High School.[21]

The only private elementary school in Yellow Springs is the Antioch School, a democratic school for students in preschool through sixth grade. It was founded by Arthur Ernest Morgan as a laboratory school of Antioch College.[22]

Antioch College was founded at Yellow Springs in 1850.[23]

The city was also home to Antioch University Midwest ("AUM"), part of the Antioch University network. By late 2020, AUM had been eliminated as a separate campus.[24] Its functions were absorbed into Antioch University's Online division, and its building put up for sale.[24] However, Antioch University's administration, as well as its Online division and Graduate School of Leadership & Change, remained headquartered in Yellow Springs.[24]

Yellow Springs has a public library, a branch of the Greene County Public Library.[25]

Media

Yellow Springs is the home of public radio station WYSO, which is a member station of National Public Radio and was licensed to the Board of Trustees of Antioch College until WYSO became independently owned and operated in 2019. The station continues in collaboration with the college, such as by working with college students as interns.[26]

Local news and events are covered by an independent weekly newspaper, the Yellow Springs News.

Arts and culture

Relative to its size, Yellow Springs has a large arts community. Local organizations include:

  • Yellow Springs Arts Council
  • Yellow Springs Theater Company
  • Yellow Springs Kids Playhouse
  • Chamber Music Yellow Springs (CMYS)
  • The World House Choir
  • The Yellow Springs Chamber Orchestra

Attractions


Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, Ohio

Notable people
See also: List of Antioch College notable people

References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  3. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  4. Hellmann, Paul T. (May 13, 2013). Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Routledge. p. 878. ISBN 978-1135948597. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  5. Donahue, Bill (September 16, 2011). "Can Antioch College Return From the Dead Again?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
  6. Chiddister, Diane (February 4, 2010). "A history of racial diversity". Yellow Springs News. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
  7. "Flour, sugar and tradition of caring". Yellow Springs News. December 11, 2003. Retrieved September 26, 2006.
  8. http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/the-antioch-company-history/
  9. https://ysnews.com/news/2008/03/antioch-co-sells-bookplate-division
  10. https://ysnews.com/news/2012/04/creative-memories-closes-ys-shop
  11. Chiddister, Diane (2005). Two Hundred Years of Yellow Springs. Yellow Springs, OH: Yellow Springs News. pp. 145–148. ISBN 0976915804. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  12. Huffstutter, P.J. (June 23, 2007). "Old college try isn't enough for Antioch". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  13. Johnson, Gregory A. "Workplace Discrimination". glbtq.com. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
  14. "Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender Civil Rights Laws In the U.S." (PDF). The Policy Institute of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. August 1998. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
  15. Robinson, Amelia (January 31, 2014). "Local city and villages among those with most gay couples". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
  16. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  17. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  18. Mangus, Michael; Herman, Jennifer L. (2008). Ohio Encyclopedia. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 585. ISBN 978-1-878592-68-2.
  19. U.S. Decennial Census; census.gov
  20. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  21. "About us". Yellow Springs Schools. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  22. http://antiochschool.org/joomla_antioch/index.php/about/about-the-antioch-school. Retrieved December 31, 2019. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. "Four years after closure, Antioch College to welcome its second class". Antioch College. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  24. "Antioch University Midwest absorbed, building for sale". Yellow Springs News. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  25. "Locations". Greene County Public Library. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  26. "Ohio's WYSO to become independently owned". Tyler Falk, Current, February 1, 2019. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  27. John Bryan State Park Ohio Department of Natural Resources
  28. "Clifton Gorge State Nature Preserve". Greene County, Ohio. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  29. Walle, Randi (January 18, 2019). "Young's Jersey Dairy Celebrates 150 Years". Columbus Underground. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  30. "Parks and Recreation". Village of Yellow Springs. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
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