Zainab Cobbold

Zainab Cobbold
Zainab Cobbold
Born	Lady Evelyn Murray; 1867; Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Great Britain
Died	1963 (aged 95–96)
Nationality	British
Known for	First Muslim woman born in Britain to perform the Hajj pilgrimage
Spouse(s)	John Dupuis Cobbold (m. 1891⁠–⁠1922)
Children	3
Parent(s)	Charles Murray, 7th Earl of Dunmore; Lady Gertrude Coke

Zainab Cobbold (born Lady Evelyn Murray; 17 July 1867[1][2] – January 1963) was a Scottish diarist, traveller and noblewoman who was known for her conversion to Islam in the Victorian era.[3]

Biography

Born in Edinburgh in 1867,[4][5] she was the eldest daughter of Charles Adolphus Murray,[6] 7th Earl of Dunmore and Lady Gertrude Coke, daughter of the Second Earl of Leicester.[7] She married John Dupuis Cobbold in All Saints' Church Cairo, Egypt on 23 April 1891.[8] Following a party in May 1891, at the Cobbold family home Holywells, Ipswich they settled there. Here the couple had three children between 1893 and 1900: Winifred Evelyn (1892–1965),[9] Ivan Cobbold (1897–1944),[10] and Pamela Cobbold (1900–1932).[11] However, in 1922[12] she separated from her husband. Subsequently she lived in London and on the Glencarron Estate.[13]

Childhood

Cobbold spent much of her childhood in Algiers and Cairo in the company of Muslim nannies.[5] She considered herself a Muslim from a young age despite not officially professing her faith until she met the Pope.[5] She became a Mayfair socialite. She spent her childhood winters in North Africa where her fascination with Islam developed.

Conversion to Islam

She confirmed her conversion to Islam by 1915, taking the Arabic name Zainab. She remarked that she considered Islam the religion "most calculated to solve the world's many perplexing problems, and to bring to humanity peace and happiness".[14]

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Following the death of her former husband in 1929, she started to plan her pilgrimage, or Hajj to Mecca. She contacted Hafiz Wahba, ambassador for Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd to the United Kingdom, who in turn sent a letter to King ‘Abd al-‘Aziz.

Evelyn achieved celebrity status in 1933 at the age of 65, when she became the first Muslim woman born in the United Kingdom to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca.[7][15][5] In 1934, a personal account of her trip was published entitled Pilgrimage to Mecca.[5] An excerpt from her work can be found in Michael Wolfe's book One Thousand Roads to Mecca.

She visited Italy with a friend and went to see the Pope who asked her if she was Catholic. Although she had never thought about Islam for years she replied by saying she was Muslim. After that she decided to read up more about Islam and eventually converted.[5]

In 1933, she travelled to perform Hajj for the first time, and because there were Europeans who visited Saudi Arabia before her and who were not Muslim penetrated into Mecca and when returning to Europe, they wrote about their daring adventure of performing the Hajj as a non-Muslim. Because of this there were restrictions in place for Europeans, but Lady Evelyn, who adopted the name Zainab, was granted permission to perform the Hajj.

Diary

This is her description in her diary of the first time she saw the Kabah and tawaf. “We walk on the smooth marble towards the Holy of Holies, the House of Allah, the great black cube rising in simple majesty, the goal for which millions have forfeited their lives and yet more millions have found heaven in beholding it … the ‘Tawaf’ is a symbol, to use the words of the poet , of a lover making a circuit round the house of his beloved, completely surrendering himself and sacrificing all his interests for the sake of the Beloved. It is in that spirit of self-surrender that the pilgrim makes the ‘Tawaf’”

Her book pilgrimage to Mecca in 1934 is the first Hajj account by an English Woman and her diary also is the oldest record of a trip in Hajj, when she went by car from Mina to Arafat. She travelled widely all her life and also wrote another book, Kenya: Land of Illusion.

During the world wars the Muslims that fought for Britain were spending and praying their Eid prayer in Woking Mosque, she was amongst some of the aristocrats in the iconic Eid prayer picture at Woking mosque. She was heavily involved in Dawah like William Quilliam and other noble English men and women of the time.

She was a fluent Arabic speaker and claimed she had been Muslim all her life and there was no intrinsic moment she converted.

Writing

"Islam," Evelyn later wrote, "is the religion of common sense." Lady Evelyn's story about her life, her conversion and her pilgrimage to Mecca are all recorded in her diaries which have recently been republished.

"She was a very lively, eccentric Anglo-Scot Moslem, who loved doing things and loved people as well," said Major Philip Hope-Cobbold, her great grandson said about her.

Death

Lady Evelyn died in 1963 and was buried, as she stipulated, on a remote hillside on her Glencarron estate in Wester Ross. There was no Muslim in Scotland to perform her Janazah so they contacted Woking Mosque and the Imam drove up in the snow to perform her janazah because she had stipulated she wanted to be buried on a hill on her estate facing Mecca with the following words on her gravestone: "Allahu nur-us-samawati wal ard" ("Allah is the light of the heavens and the earth").[5]

References

"Cobbold [née Murray], Lady Evelyn". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
"Family tree of Maud Evelyn Murray". Geneanet. gw.geneanet.org. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-48069763
William Facey, Miranda Taylor, Introduction to 'Pilgrimage to Mecca', p 2. ISBN 9780955889431
O'Shea, Josef (June 15, 2016). "The Victorian Muslims of Britain". Al Jazeera. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
William Facey, Miranda Taylor, Introduction to 'Pilgrimage to Mecca', p 3. ISBN 9780955889431
Facey, William (2008). "Mayfair to Makkah", Saudi Aramco World, Vol. 59, No. 5, pages 18–23.
"Cobbold, John Dupuis". suffolkartists.co.uk. Suffolk Artists. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
"Winifred Evelyn COBBOLD". family-tree.cobboldfht.com. Family Tree. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
"The Cobbold Family History Trust". family-tree.cobboldfht.com. Family Tree –. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
"Pamela COBBOLD". family-tree.cobboldfht.com. Family Tree. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
Russell, Steven. "Mayfair to Mecca: plucky Lady Evelyn". East Anglian Daily Times. East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
"Family Tree – The Cobbold Family History Trust". family-tree.cobboldfht.com. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
"Cobbold, Lady Evelyn, and Frances Gordon Alexander. Wayfarers in the Libyan Desert". Sotheran's. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
William Facey, Miranda Taylor, Introduction to 'Pilgrimage to Mecca', p 32. ISBN 9780955889431