Zinc antimonide

Zinc antimonide (ZnSb), (Zn3Sb2), (Zn4Sb3) is an inorganic chemical compound. Like indium antimonide, aluminium antimonide, and gallium antimonide, it is a semiconducting intermetallic compound. It is used in transistors, infrared detectors and thermal imagers, as well as magnetoresistive devices.

Zinc antimonide[1]
Names
IUPAC name
Zinc antimonide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.708
EC Number
  • 234-893-5 (ZnSb)
UN number 1459
Properties
ZnSb, Zn3Sb2, Zn4Sb3
Molar mass 434.06 g/mol
Appearance silver-white orthorhombic crystals
Density 6.33 g/cm3
Melting point 546 °C (1,015 °F; 819 K) (565 °C, 563 °C)
reacts
Band gap 0.56 eV (ZnSb), 1.2eV (Zn4Sb3)
Structure
Orthorhombic, oP16
Pbca, No. 61
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Danger
H302, H331, H410
P261, P273, P311, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

History of Zinc Antimony Alloys and Zinc Antimonide The first reported use of zinc-antimony alloys was in the original work of Seebeck on thermoelectricity. By the 1860s, Moses G. Farmer, an American inventor, had developed the first high powered thermoelectric generator based on using a zinc-antimony alloy with a composition very close to stoichiometric ZnSb. He showed this generator at the 1867 Paris Exposition where it was carefully studied and copied (with minor modifications) by a number of people including Clamond. Farmer finally received the patent on his generator in 1870. George H. Cove patented a thermoelectric generator based on a Zn-Sb alloy in the early 1900s. His patent claimed that the voltage and current for six "joints" was 3V at 3A. This was a far higher output than would be expected from a thermoelectric couple, and was possibly the first demonstration of the thermophotovoltaic effect, as the bandgap for ZnSb is 0.56eV, which under ideal conditions could yield close to 0.5V per diode. The next researcher to work with the material was Maria Telkes while she was at Westinghouse in Pittsburgh during the 1930s. Interest was revived again with the discovery of the higher bandgap Zn4Sb3 material in the 1990s.

References
  1. Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 4–95, ISBN 0-8493-0594-2


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