1,000,000,000

1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or milliard, yard,[1] long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. One billion can also be written as b or bn.[2][3]

1000000000
List of numbers — Integers ← 10^0 10^1 10^2 10^3 10^4 10^5 10^6 10^7 10^8 10^9
Cardinal	One billion (short scale) One thousand million, or one milliard (long scale)
Ordinal	One billionth (short scale)
Factorization	2^9 · 5^9
Greek numeral	${\displaystyle {\stackrel {\iota }{\mathrm {M} }}}$
Roman numeral	M
Binary	1110111001101011001010000000002
Ternary	21202002000210100013
Octal	73465450008
Duodecimal	23AA9385412
Hexadecimal	3B9ACA0016

In standard form, it is written as 1 × 10⁹. The metric prefix giga indicates 1,000,000,000 times the base unit. Its symbol is G.

One billion years may be called an eon in astronomy or geology.

Previously in British English (but not in American English), the word "billion" referred exclusively to a million millions (1,000,000,000,000). However, this is no longer common, and the word has been used to mean one thousand million (1,000,000,000) for several decades.[4]

The term milliard can also be used to refer to 1,000,000,000; whereas "milliard" is rarely used in English,[5] variations on this name often appear in other languages.

In the South Asian numbering system, it is known as 100 crore or 1 arab.

Visualization of powers of ten from one to 1 billion

Sense of scale

The facts below give a sense of how large 1,000,000,000 (10⁹) is in the context of time according to current scientific evidence:

Time

• 10⁹ seconds (1 gigasecond) equal 11,574 days, 1 hour, 46 minutes and 40 seconds (approximately 31.7 years, or 31 years, 8 months, 8 days).
• About 10⁹ minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing and Christianity was emerging. (10⁹ minutes is roughly 1,901 years.)
• About 10⁹ hours ago, modern human beings and their ancestors were living in the Stone Age (more precisely, the Middle Paleolithic). (10⁹ hours is roughly 114,080 years.)
• About 10⁹ days ago, Australopithecus, an ape-like creature related to an ancestor of modern humans, roamed the African savannas. (10⁹ days is roughly 2.738 million years.)
• About 10⁹ months ago, dinosaurs walked the Earth during the late Cretaceous. (10⁹ months is roughly 83.3 million years.)
• About 10⁹ years—a gigaannus—ago, the first multicellular eukaryotes appeared on Earth.
• About 10⁹ decades ago, galaxies began to appear in the early Universe which was then 3.799 billion years old. (10⁹ decades is exactly 10 billion years.)
• The universe is thought to be about 13.8 × 10⁹ years old.[6]

Distance

• 10⁹ inches is 15,783 miles (25,400 km), more than halfway around the world and thus sufficient to reach any point on the globe from any other point.
• 10⁹ metres (called a gigametre) is almost three times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
• 10⁹ kilometres (called a terametre) is over six times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

Area

• A billion square inches would be a square about one half mile on a side.
• A bolt of finely woven 1000-TC bed sheet linen with a billion thread crossings would have an area of 40 square metres (48 sq yd), comparable to the floor area of a motel unit.

Volume

• There are a billion cubic millimetres in a cubic metre, and a billion cubic metres in a cubic kilometre.
• A billion grains of table salt or granulated sugar would occupy a volume of about 2.5 cubic feet (0.071 m³).
• A billion cubic inches would be a volume comparable to a large commercial building slightly larger than a typical supermarket.

Weight

• Any object that weighs one billion kilograms (2.2×10⁹ lb) would weigh about as much as 5,525 empty Boeing 747-400s.
• A cube of iron that weighs one billion pounds (450,000,000 kg) would be 38.62 metres (126.7 ft) on each side.

Products

• As of July 2016, Apple has sold one billion iPhones.[7] This makes the iPhone one of the most successful product lines in history, surpassing the PlayStation and the Rubik's Cube.
• As of July 2016, Facebook has 1.71 billion users.[8]

Nature

• A small mountain, slightly larger than Stone Mountain in Georgia, United States, would weigh (have a mass of) a billion tons.
• There are billions of worker ants in the largest ant colony in the world,[9] which covers almost 4,000 miles (6,400 km) of the Mediterranean coast.
• In 1804, the world population was one billion.

Count

A is a cube; B consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube A, C consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube B; and D consists of 1000 cubes the size of cube C. Thus there are 1 million A-sized cubes in C; and 1,000,000,000 A-sized cubes in D.

Selected 10-digit numbers (1,000,000,001–9,999,999,999)

1,000,000,001 to 1,999,999,999

• 1,000,000,007 – smallest prime number with 10 digits.[10]
• 1,000,006,281 – smallest triangular number with 10 digits and the 44,721st triangular number.
• 1,000,014,129 – smallest ten-digit square.
• 1,023,456,789 – smallest pandigital number in base 10.
• 1,026,753,849 – smallest pandigital square that includes 0.
• 1,073,676,287 – 15th Carol number.[11]
• 1,073,741,824 – 2³⁰
• 1,073,807,359 – 14th Kynea number.[12]
• 1,111,111,111 – repunit, also a special number relating to the passing of Unix time.
• 1,129,760,415 – 23rd Motzkin number.[13]
• 1,134,903,170 – 45th Fibonacci number.
• 1,162,261,467 – 3¹⁹
• 1,220,703,125 – 5¹³
• 1,232,922,769 – Centered hexagonal number.
• 1,280,000,000 – 20⁷
• 1,234,567,890 – pandigital number with the digits in order.
• 1,311,738,121 – 25th Pell number.[14]
• 1,382,958,545 – 15th Bell number.[15]
• 1,406,818,759 – 30th Wedderburn–Etherington number.[16]
• 1,427,647,786 – Population of the People's Republic of China in 2018.[17][18]
• 1,475,789,056 – 14⁸
• 1,631,432,881 – Triangular square number.
• 1,673,196,525 – Lowest common multiple of the odd integers from 1 to 25
• 1,787,109,376 – 1-automorphic number[19]
• 1,836,311,903 – 46th Fibonacci number.
• 1,882,341,361 – The smallest prime whose reversal is both square (40391²) and triangular (triangular of 57121).
• 1,977,326,743 – 7¹¹

2,000,000,000 to 2,999,999,999

• 2,038,074,743 – 100,000,000th prime number
• 2,147,483,647 – 8th Mersenne prime and the largest signed 32-bit integer.
• 2,147,483,648 – 2³¹
• 2,176,782,336 – 6¹²
• 2,214,502,422 – 6th primary pseudoperfect number.[20]
• 2,357,947,691 – 11⁹
• 2,562,890,625 – 15⁸
• 2,971,215,073 – 11th Fibonacci prime (47th Fibonacci number).

3,000,000,000 to 3,999,999,999

• 3,166,815,962 – 26th Pell number.[14]
• 3,192,727,797 – 24th Motzkin number.[13]
• 3,323,236,238 – 31st Wedderburn–Etherington number.[16]
• 3,405,691,582 – hexadecimal CAFEBABE; used as a placeholder in programming.
• 3,405,697,037 – hexadecimal CAFED00D; used as a placeholder in programming.
• 3,486,784,401 – 3²⁰
• 3,735,928,559 – hexadecimal DEADBEEF; used as a placeholder in programming.
• 3,735,929,054 – hexadecimal DEADC0DE; used as a placeholder in programming.

4,000,000,000 to 4,999,999,999

• 4,294,836,223 – 16th Carol number.[11]
• 4,294,967,291 – Largest prime 32-bit unsigned integer.
• 4,294,967,295 – Maximum 32-bit unsigned integer (FFFFFFFF₁₆), perfect totient number, product of the five prime Fermat numbers ${\displaystyle F_{0}}$ through ${\displaystyle F_{4}}$.
• 4,294,967,296 – 2³²
• 4,294,967,297 – ${\displaystyle F_{5}}$, the first composite Fermat number.
• 4,295,098,367 – 15th Kynea number.[12]
• 4,807,526,976 – 48th Fibonacci number.

5,000,000,000 to 5,999,999,999

• 5,159,780,352 – 12⁹
• 5,354,228,880 – superior highly composite number, smallest number divisible by all the numbers 1 through 24
• 5,784,634,181 – 13th alternating factorial.[21]

6,000,000,000 to 6,999,999,999

• 6,103,515,625 – 5¹⁴
• 6,210,001,000 – only self-descriptive number in base 10.
• 6,227,020,800 – 13!
• 6,975,757,441 – 17⁸
• 6,983,776,800 – 15th colossally abundant number,[22] 15th superior highly composite number[23]

7,000,000,000 to 7,999,999,999

• 7,645,370,045 – 27th Pell number.[14]
• 7,778,742,049 – 49th Fibonacci number.
• 7,862,958,391 – 32nd Wedderburn–Etherington number.[16]

8,000,000,000 to 8,999,999,999

• 8,212,890,625 – 1-automorphic number[19]
• 8,589,869,056 – 6th perfect number.[24]
• 8,589,934,592 – 2³³

9,000,000,000 to 9,999,999,999

• 9,043,402,501 – 25th Motzkin number.[13]
• 9,814,072,356 – largest square pandigital number, largest pandigital pure power.
• 9,876,543,210 – largest number without redundant digits.
• 9,999,999,967 – greatest prime number with 10 digits[25]

References

1. "Yard". Investopedia. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
2. "figures". The Economist Style Guide (11th ed.). The Economist. 2015.
3. "6.5 Abbreviating 'million' and 'billion'". English Style Guide: A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission (PDF) (8th ed.). European Commission. 3 November 2017. p. 32.
4. "How many is a billion?". OxfordDictionaries.com. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
5. "billion,thousand million,milliard". Google Ngram Viewer. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
6. "Cosmic Detectives". European Space Agency. 2 April 2013.
7. Panken, Eli (27 July 2016). "Apple Announces It Has Sold One Billion iPhones". NBCNews.com. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
8. Seethamaram, Deep (27 July 2016). "Facebook Posts Strong Profit and Revenue Growth". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
9. Burke, Jeremy (16 June 2015). "How the World Became A Giant Ant Colony". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
10. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A003617 (Smallest n-digit prime)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
11. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A093112 (a(n) = (2^n-1)^2 - 2)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
12. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A093069 (a(n) = (2^n + 1)^2 -)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
13. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A001006 (Motzkin numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
14. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A000129 (Pell numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
15. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A000110 (Bell or exponential numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
16. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A001190 (Wedderburn-Etherington numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
17. ""World Population prospects – Population division"". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
18. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
19. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A003226 (Automorphic numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
20. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A054377 (Primary pseudoperfect numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
21. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A005165 (Alternating factorials)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
22. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A004490 (Colossally abundant numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
23. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A002201 (Superior highly composite numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
24. Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A000396 (Perfect numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation.
25. "Greatest prime number with 10 digits". Wolfram Alpha. Retrieved 13 November 2017.