1179

Year 1179 (MCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s
Years:	1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182

1179 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1179 MCLXXIX
Ab urbe condita	1932
Armenian calendar	628 ԹՎ ՈԻԸ
Assyrian calendar	5929
Balinese saka calendar	1100–1101
Bengali calendar	586
Berber calendar	2129
English Regnal year	25 Hen. 2 – 26 Hen. 2
Buddhist calendar	1723
Burmese calendar	541
Byzantine calendar	6687–6688
Chinese calendar	戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 3875 or 3815     — to — 己亥年 (Earth Pig) 3876 or 3816
Coptic calendar	895–896
Discordian calendar	2345
Ethiopian calendar	1171–1172
Hebrew calendar	4939–4940
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1235–1236
- Shaka Samvat	1100–1101
- Kali Yuga	4279–4280
Holocene calendar	11179
Igbo calendar	179–180
Iranian calendar	557–558
Islamic calendar	574–575
Japanese calendar	Jishō 3 (治承３年)
Javanese calendar	1086–1087
Julian calendar	1179 MCLXXIX
Korean calendar	3512
Minguo calendar	733 before ROC 民前733年
Nanakshahi calendar	−289
Seleucid era	1490/1491 AG
Thai solar calendar	1721–1722
Tibetan calendar	阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 1305 or 924 or 152     — to — 阴土猪年 (female Earth-Pig) 1306 or 925 or 153

Mieszko III (the Old) (r. 1138–1202)

Events

Levant

• April 10 – A Crusader army led by King Baldwin IV (the Leper) is ambushed by Muslim forces in a narrow valley in the forest of Banyas. Baldwin is only able to extricate his forces owing to the heroism of Humphrey II, lord of Toron, who holds up the Muslims with his bodyguard till Baldwin and his army are escaped. Humphrey suffers mortal wounds and dies on April 22.[1] He is succeeded by his 13-year-old grandson Humphrey IV.
• June 10 – Battle of Marj Ayyun: A Crusader army (some 10,000 men) led by Baldwin IV is defeated by Muslim forces under Saladin near the Litani River (modern Lebanon). The Knights Templars join the battle, but they are driven back in confusion. Baldwin narrowly escapes being captured in the route. Amongst Saladin's prisoners are Odo de St. Amand, Grand Master of the Templars, and Lord Baldwin of Ibelin.[2]
• August 30 – Siege of Jacob's Ford: Muslim forces led by Saladin conquer and destroy the unfinished Castle of Chastellet at Jacob's Ford, killing 80 knights and taking 700 civilians captive.[3]

Europe

• June 18 – Battle of Kalvskinnet: Norwegian forces led by King Sverre Sigurdsson defeat and kill Earl Erling Skakke, outside Nidaros in Norway. The battle changes the tide of the civil wars.
• June 24 – Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, is put under the ban of the empire when he refuses to appear before Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) to answer charges of misgovernment.[4]
• Summer – Afonso I (the Conqueror) is recognized as King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III – bringing Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Leonese monarchy.
• Mieszko III (the Old), duke of Poland, travels to Germany and ask Frederick III to offer help in his restoration of the Polish throne. But Frederick demands a payment of 10,000 silver.
• November 1 – The 14-year-old Philip II is crowned at Rheims by Archbishop William of the White Hands. He becomes joint ruler of France, together with his father King Louis VII.
• King William I (the Lion) establishes two castles at the Beauly Firth and the Cromarty Firth in northern Scotland. On his return, the city of Aberdeen is chartered by Wiliam.[5]

England

• Summer – Richard de Luci (or Lucy), High Sherrif of Essex, resigns his judicial office. He enters Lesnes Abbey (near London) that he founded in Kent, as penance for his part in the events leading to the murder of Thomas Becket (see 1170). Richard dies there on July 14.

Africa

• September 17 – A large offensive, by the Almohad army led by Yusuf I in southern Portugal, aims at the reconquest of the Alentejo.[6] Further north, an Almohad fleet sails to attack Lisbon, but is repelled by the Portuguese, near the Cape Espichel.[6] The Portuguese fleet later manages to enter in the harbor of Ceuta, and destroy a number of Muslim ships. It is the beginning of a four-year naval conflict between the Almohads and Portuguese.

Asia

• Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese military leader, confines the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa to his quarters after discovering that he has tried to confiscate the estates of Kiyomori's deceased children.

Mesoamerica

• The Maya city Chichen Itza is sacked and burned by Hunac Ceel, ruler of Mayapan (approximate date).

Religion

• March – Third Council of the Lateran: Alexander III condemns Waldensians and Cathars as heretics. He institutes a reformation of clerical life and creates the first "ghettos" for Jews. In order to prevent future schisms, the pope must receive ⅔ of the cardinals' votes to be elected.
• September 17 – Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess and polymath, dies at Rupertsberg. Having founded two monasteries, she has written also theological, botanical, and medicinal texts.
• Westminster School is founded by Benedictine monks of Westminster Abbey (by papal command) in England.
• The Drigung Kagyu school of Kagyu Buddhism is founded (approximate date).

Births

• April 4 – Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Indian preacher (d. 1266)
• May 13 – Theobald III, count of Champagne (d. 1201)
• May 17 – Ogasawara Nagatsune, Japanese warrior (d. 1247)
• Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1222)
• Donatus of Ripacandida, Italian monk and saint (d. 1198)
• John of Ibelin, constable and lord of Beirut (d. 1236)
• Konoe Iezane, Japanese nobleman and monk (d. 1243)
• Serapion of Algiers, English priest and martyr (d. 1240)
• Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian and poet (d. 1241)
• William IV (Talvas), Norman nobleman (d. 1221)
• Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab geographer and writer (d. 1229)

Deaths

• February 25 – Adelelm, English Lord High Treasurer
• April 22 – Humphrey II, constable and lord of Toron (b. 1117)[7]
• June 18 – Erling Skakke, Norwegian nobleman (b. 1115)
• July 14 – Richard de Luci, Norman High Sheriff (b. 1089)
• July 27 – Mudzaffar Shah I, ruler of the Kedah Sultanate
• August 9 – Roger of Worcester, English bishop (b. 1118)
• August 20 – William le Gros (la Gras), English nobleman
• September 2 – Taira no Shigemori, Japanese nobleman (b. 1138)
• September 17 – Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess (b. 1098)
• October 9 – Odo de St. Amand, French Grand Master (b. 1110)
• October 18 – Jeong Jung-bu, Korean military leader (b. 1106)
• December 25 – Roger de Bailleul, French monk and abbot
• Fujiwara no Atsuyori (or Dōin), Japanese waka poet (b. 1090)
• Guihomar IV (or Guidomar), Breton nobleman (b. 1130)
• Reginald de Warenne (or Rainald), Norman nobleman
• Urraca of Castile (Alfonso), queen of Navarre (b. 1133)

References

1. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 342. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
2. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 342–343. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
3. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 343. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
4. William, Hywell (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 127. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
5. Matheson, Alister Farquhar (2014). Scotland's Northwest Frontier: A Forgotten British Borderland, p. 19. Troubador Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78306-442-7.
6. Picard C. (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, p.77.
7. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 342. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.