1170

Year 1170 (MCLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s
Years:	1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173

1170 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1170 MCLXX
Ab urbe condita	1923
Armenian calendar	619 ԹՎ ՈԺԹ
Assyrian calendar	5920
Balinese saka calendar	1091–1092
Bengali calendar	577
Berber calendar	2120
English Regnal year	16 Hen. 2 – 17 Hen. 2
Buddhist calendar	1714
Burmese calendar	532
Byzantine calendar	6678–6679
Chinese calendar	己丑年 (Earth Ox) 3866 or 3806     — to — 庚寅年 (Metal Tiger) 3867 or 3807
Coptic calendar	886–887
Discordian calendar	2336
Ethiopian calendar	1162–1163
Hebrew calendar	4930–4931
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1226–1227
- Shaka Samvat	1091–1092
- Kali Yuga	4270–4271
Holocene calendar	11170
Igbo calendar	170–171
Iranian calendar	548–549
Islamic calendar	565–566
Japanese calendar	Kaō 2 (嘉応２年)
Javanese calendar	1077–1078
Julian calendar	1170 MCLXX
Korean calendar	3503
Minguo calendar	742 before ROC 民前742年
Nanakshahi calendar	−298
Seleucid era	1481/1482 AG
Thai solar calendar	1712–1713
Tibetan calendar	阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) 1296 or 915 or 143     — to — 阳金虎年 (male Iron-Tiger) 1297 or 916 or 144

Murder of Thomas Becket (c. 1200)

Events

Levant

• Winter – An Egyptian army led by Saladin invades Palestina, and besieges Darum on the Mediterranean coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege-engines with him, its fall seems imminent. King Amalric I withdraws his Templar garrison from Gaza, to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord Miles of Plancy), and massacres the inhabitants. But the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat back to Egypt.[1]
• Saladin sends an Egyptian squadron up the Gulf of Akaba, which captures the Crusader outpost of Aila, at the head of the Gulf.[2]

England

• June 14 – King Henry II has his 15-year-old son Henry (the Young King) crowned by Roger, archbishop of York, as Junior King and heir to the English throne. The Becket dispute forces Henry to reconcile his quarrel with Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, who finds this act a violation of Canterbury's privilege of coronation.
• July 22 – Henry II and Thomas Becket meet near Fréteval, France, where they come to an agreement to end their differences. This results in Becket's partial restoration.
• December 1 – Henry II sends word, saying that the conflict with Thomas Becket is at an end, and his lands will be restored. Becket returns to England, landing at Sandwich.
• December 25 – Thomas Becket takes to the pulpit at Canterbury Cathedral and gives his sermon. At the end of the sermon, he excommunicates several of his enemies.
• This is the earliest date for the making of Cheddar Cheese in Somerset (this according to a pipe roll of Henry II, who purchases 10,240 lb of Cheddar at a farthing per pound).
• December 29 – Thomas Becket is assassinated by knights in Canterbury Cathedral, after his refusal to be arrested for breaking his agreement with Henry II.[3]

Ireland

• September 21 – Following a siege, combined Anglo-Norman and Irish forces seize the city of Dublin, forcing Ascall mac Ragnaill, king of Dublin, into exile.[4]

Africa

• Fes in the Almohad Caliphate (modern Morocco) becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire.[5]

Asia

• The palace guards massacre the civil officials at the Korean court of Goryeo and place Myeongjong as new ruler on the throne of the Goryeo Dynasty.
• 29 June- 1170 Syria earthquake. It was one of the largest earthquakes to hit Syria. It formed part of a sequence of large earthquakes that propagated southwards along the Dead Sea Transform, starting with the 1138 Aleppo earthquake, continuing with the 1157 Hama, 1170 and 1202 Syria events.[6]

Folklore

• The Welsh prince Madoc (son of King Owain ap Gruffudd of Gwynedd) sails to North America, in his ship the Gwennan Gorn, and founds a colony.

Religion

• Peter waldo, a French merchant of Lyon, starts the popular religious movement of the "Poor Men of Lyon", or Waldenses.[7]

Births

• April 5 – Isabella of Hainault, queen of France (d. 1190)
• May 9 – Valdemar II (the Conqueror), king of Denmark (d. 1241)
• August 8 – Dominic, founder of the Dominican Order (d. 1221)
• October 8 – Vladimir III Igorevich, Kievan prince (d. 1211)
• Agnes I, countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (d. 1192)
• Al-Dakhwar, Ayyubid physician and medical officer (d. 1230)
• Amaury I, French nobleman (House of Craon) (d. 1226)
• Asukai Masatsune, Japanese waka poet and writer (d. 1221)
• Azzo VI of Este (or Azzolino), Italian nobleman (d. 1212)
• Bahauddin Zakariya, Ghurid scholar and poet (d. 1262)
• Erard of Brienne-Ramerupt, French nobleman (d. 1246)
• Ermengarde de Beaumont, queen of Scotland (d. 1233)
• Eustace the Monk, French mercenary and pirate (d. 1217)
• Franca Visalta, Italian nun and abbess (approximate date)
• Gebhard I of Plain (or Pleyen), German bishop (d. 1232)
• Giovanni Colonna (the Younger), Italian cardinal (d. 1245)
• Henry Borwin II (or Burwy), German nobleman (d. 1226)
• Hubert de Burgh, English Chief Justiciar (approximate date)
• John of Brienne (or John I), king of Jerusalem (d. 1237)
• Leonardo of Pisa, Italian mathematician (approximate date)
• Lope Díaz II, Castilian nobleman (House of Haro) (d. 1236)
• Maelgwn ap Rhys, Welsh prince of Deheubarth (d. 1230)
• Matilda of Boulogne, duchess of Brabant (approximate date)
• Minamoto no Ienaga, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1234)
• Muqali (or Mukhhulai), Mongol military leader (d. 1223)
• Pons d'Ortaffa, Catalan nobleman and troubadour (d. 1246)
• Ranulf de Blondeville, English nobleman and regent (d. 1232)
• Richard de Percy, English nobleman (approximate date)
• Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Navarrese bishop (d. 1247)
• Roger de Lacy, English nobleman and crusader (d. 1211)
• Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (approximate date)
• Sophia of Wittelsbach, German noblewoman (d. 1238)
• Walther von der Vogelweide, German lyrical poet (d. 1230)
• Xiang Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1211)
• Zhao Rukuo, Chinese historian and politician (d. 1231)

Deaths

• January 22 – Wang Chongyang, Chinese philosopher (b. 1113)
• April 23 – Minamoto no Tametomo, Japanese samurai (b. 1139)
• May 6 – Lope Díaz I de Haro, Castilian nobleman (b. 1105)
• May 21 – Godric of Finchale, English hermit and merchant
• July 25 – Reginald II of Bar (or Renaud), French nobleman
• August 19 – Mstislav II Izyaslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev
• September 6 – Qutb al-Din Mawdud, Zangid ruler of Mosul
• September 14 – Heilika of Lengenfeld, German countess
• November 18 – Albert I (the Bear), German nobleman
• November 20 – Gerung of Meissen, German bishop
• December 20 – Al-Mustanjid, Abbasid caliph (b. 1124)
• December 29 – Thomas Becket, English archbishop
• Abu Hamid al-Gharnati, Andalusian traveller (b. 1080)
• Aindileas Ua Chlúmháin, Irisn chief poet and writer
• Eliezer ben Nathan, German rabbi and poet (b. 1090)
• Gerlach of Valkenburg, Dutch hermit (b. 1100)
• Gonçalo Mendes da Maia, Portuguese knight
• Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd
• Ibn Zafar al-Siqilli, Arab-Sicilian politician (b. 1104)
• Joseph Kimhi, Spanish rabbi and poet (b. 1105)
• Owain ap Gruffudd, king of Gwynedd (b. 1100)
• Robert Fitzharding, English nobleman (b. 1095)
• Ruben II (or Roupen), Armenian prince (b. 1165)
• Zishou Miaozong, Chinese Zen master (b. 1095)

References

1. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 317–318. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
2. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 318. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
3. Frank Barlow (1986). Thomas Becket, p. 236. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-79189-8.
4. Foster, R. F. (1989). The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. Oxford University Press.
5. "Largest Cities Through History". About.com Geography.
6. Ambraseys, Nicholas N. (2004). "The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. Istituto Nazionale Geofisica e Vulcanologia. 47 (2–3): 733, 738, 745, 750.
7. Hywell Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 126. Londo: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.