1188

Year 1188 (MCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	11th century 12th century 13th century
Decades:	1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s
Years:	1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191

1188 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1188 MCLXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1941
Armenian calendar	637 ԹՎ ՈԼԷ
Assyrian calendar	5938
Balinese saka calendar	1109–1110
Bengali calendar	595
Berber calendar	2138
English Regnal year	34 Hen. 2 – 35 Hen. 2
Buddhist calendar	1732
Burmese calendar	550
Byzantine calendar	6696–6697
Chinese calendar	丁未年 (Fire Goat) 3884 or 3824     — to — 戊申年 (Earth Monkey) 3885 or 3825
Coptic calendar	904–905
Discordian calendar	2354
Ethiopian calendar	1180–1181
Hebrew calendar	4948–4949
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1244–1245
- Shaka Samvat	1109–1110
- Kali Yuga	4288–4289
Holocene calendar	11188
Igbo calendar	188–189
Iranian calendar	566–567
Islamic calendar	583–584
Japanese calendar	Bunji 4 (文治４年)
Javanese calendar	1095–1096
Julian calendar	1188 MCLXXXVIII
Korean calendar	3521
Minguo calendar	724 before ROC 民前724年
Nanakshahi calendar	−280
Seleucid era	1499/1500 AG
Thai solar calendar	1730–1731
Tibetan calendar	阴火羊年 (female Fire-Goat) 1314 or 933 or 161     — to — 阳土猴年 (male Earth-Monkey) 1315 or 934 or 162

Krak des Chevaliers by Al-Husn (Syria)

Events

Europe

• Spring – King Henry II and Philip II (Augustus) meet at Le Mans, with Archbishop Josias (or Joscius) in attendance. Both kings agree to peace terms, and to contribute to a joint Crusade. It is decided to raise a new tax to pay for the expedition. This tax, known as the Saladin Tithe, is imposed on the people of England and France to raise funds for the Third Crusade.
• March 27 – Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) holds a Diet at Mainz and takes the Cross, followed by his 21-year-old son, Frederick IV, and other German nobles. He sends a delegation to present an ultimatum to Saladin in Syria on May 26. With demands to withdraw his Muslim forces from Palestina and to return the True Cross to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
• November – Richard of Poitou, son of Henry II, allies himself with Philip II and pays him homage. He promises to concede his rights to both Normandy and Anjou. Henry is overpowered by Richard's supporters, who chase him from Le Mans to Angers. They force him to accept peace by conceding to all demands, including the recognition of Richard as his successor.[1]
• The Cutting of the Elm: A meeting of Henry II and Philip II in the field at Gisors, in Normandy. It marks the Franco-Norman peace negotiations, following the Fall of Jerusalem (see 1187).

Levant

• Spring – Siege of Tyre: Muslim forces under Saladin withdraw from Tyre after a 1½-month siege. For the Crusaders the city-port becomes a strategic rallying point for the Christian revival during the Third Crusade.
• May 14 – Saladin begins a campaign and marches north but finds Tripoli too strong to be besieged. He decides to take other Crusader fortifications and signs an 8-month truce with Prince Bohemond III of Antioch.
• May – Saladin besieges the Hospitaller fortress of Krak des Chevaliers, in Syria. Seeing that the castle is too well defended, he decides instead to march on the Castle of Margat, which he also failed to capture.[2]
• July – Saladin marches through the Buqaia, and occupies Jabala and Lattakieh. From Lattakieh he turns inland and takes after a few days of fierce fighting Sahyun Castle (called Castle of Saladin) on July 29.[3]
• September 4 – King Guy of Lusignan is released by Saladin after Ascalon is forced to surrender. Guy and his wife, Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem, seek refuge in Tyre, which is defended by Conrad of Montferrat.

England

• Spring – Henry II institutes legal reforms that give the Crown more control over the administration of justice. He orders Newgate Prison be built in London.[4]
• Archdeacon Giraldus Cambrensis and Archbishop Baldwin of Forde travel through Wales, attempting to recruit men for the Third Crusade.

Spain

• January 22 – King Ferdinand II dies after returning from a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Alfonso IX, who becomes ruler of León and Galicia. He convenes at the Basilica of San Isidoro the Cortes of León, with representatives of the nobility, clergy and towns. These Cortese's are considered to be the first parliament in Europe.

Births

• March 4 – Blanche of Castile, queen and regent of France (d. 1252)
• March 24 – Ferdinand (or Ferrand), count of Flanders (d. 1233)
• Albert IV (the Wise), German nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
• Matilda I, countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (d. 1257)
• Si Inthrathit, Thai founder of the Sukhothai Kingdom (d. 1270)

Deaths

• January 22 – Ferdinand II, king of León and Galicia (b. 1137)
• January 26 – Eysteinn Erlendsson, Norwegian archbishop[5]
• October 11 – Robert I (the Great), count of Dreux (b. 1123)
• November 4 – Theobald of Ostia, French abbot and bishop
• November 17 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Syrian poet (b. 1095)
• December 14 – Berthold I, margrave of Istria and Carniola
• December 22 – Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchester
• Aoife MacMurrough (or Eva), princess of Leinster (b. 1145)
• Hugh the Chaplain, bishop of Cell Rigmonaid (St. Andrews)
• Roger de Mowbray, English nobleman and knight (b. 1120)

References

1. Warren, W. L. (2000). Henry II (Yale ed.), pp. 621–622. New Haven, U.S.: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08474-0.
2. Kennedy, Hugh (1994). Crusader Castles, p. 147. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42068-7.
3. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 383. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
4. Halliday, Stephen (2007). Newgate: London's Prototype of Hell. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-3896-9.
5. Dybdahl, Audun. "Øystein Erlendsson". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved July 22, 2015.