1956 in spaceflight
This is a list of spaceflight related events which occurred in 1956.
The Jupiter-C sounding rocket made its maiden flight in 1956
Launches
| Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
| Remarks | |||||||
January | |||||||
| 19 January |  R-11M Zemlya |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 January | Unknown | |||
| Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
| 20 January | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 20 January | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 132 kilometres (82 mi) | |||||||
| 21 January |  R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 January | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 24 January | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 January | Launch failure | |||
| January | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| January | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| January | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| January | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| January | R-11M Zemlya |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | Unknown | ||||
| Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
February | |||||||
| 2 February | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| Baykal |
MVS | Suborbital | Nuclear test | 2 February | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi), first launch of a missile carrying a live nuclear warhead | |||||||
| 13 February | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 February | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 14 February | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 14 February | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 16 February | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | 16 February | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| February | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
March | |||||||
| 5 March | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 March | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi) | |||||||
| 14 March 08:45 |
Aerobee RTV-A-1a |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Chemical release | 14 March | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 106 kilometres (66 mi) | |||||||
| 23 March | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | 23 March | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| 28 March | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 March | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| March | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| March | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
April | |||||||
| 12 April 02:05 |
Aerobee RTV-A-1a |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Chemical release | 12 April | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 106 kilometres (66 mi) | |||||||
| 16 April | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 April | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 17 April | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 17 April | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
May | |||||||
| 1 May 22:05 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
White Sands LC-35 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | 1 May | Launch failure | ||||
| Apogee: 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) | |||||||
| 8 May 14:54 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 8 May | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi) | |||||||
| 8 May 15:15 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
White Sands LC-35 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | 8 May | Launch failure | ||||
| Apogee: 188 kilometres (117 mi) | |||||||
| 15 May | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 May | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| 16 May 15:40 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 16 May | Launch failure | ||||
| Apogee: 169 kilometres (105 mi) | |||||||
| 31 May 02:57 |
R-1E |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Biological Solar | 31 May | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
June | |||||||
| 4 June 14:13 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
White Sands LC-35 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 4 June | Launch failure | |||
| Apogee: 58 kilometres (36 mi) | |||||||
| 7 June | Nike-Nike-T40-T55 |
Wallops Island |
NACA | ||||
| NACA | Suborbital | Thermodynamics | 7 June | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 13 June 20:51 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 13 June | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 138 kilometres (86 mi) | |||||||
| 15 June | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | 15 June | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| 17 June | R-1E |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Biological | 17 June | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 18 June 20:42 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 18 June | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 136 kilometres (85 mi) | |||||||
| 21 June 18:48 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 21 June | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 146 kilometres (91 mi) | |||||||
| 22 June 19:42 |
Aerobee RTV-N-10 |
White Sands LC-35 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | 22 June | Launch failure | ||||
| Apogee: 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) | |||||||
| 26 June 18:26 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 26 June | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 111 kilometres (69 mi) | |||||||
| 26 June | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 26 June | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
| 29 June 19:09 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
White Sands LC-35 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 29 June | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 264 kilometres (164 mi) | |||||||
| 30 June | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 30 June | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| June | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Missile test | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
July | |||||||
| 5 July 07:54 |
Aerobee RTV-N-10c |
White Sands LC-35 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | 5 July | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 162 kilometres (101 mi) | |||||||
| 6 July 18:00 |
Nike-Cajun |
Wallops Island |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 6 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 129 kilometres (80 mi) | |||||||
| 17 July 15:40 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-1 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 17 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 17 July | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 17 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 142 kilometres (88 mi) | |||||||
| 18 July 15:46 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-2 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 18 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 19 July 15:21 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-3 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 19 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 20 July 19:15 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-4 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 20 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 20 July | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 20 July | Launch failure | |||
| 20 July | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | 20 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| 21 July 17:18 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-5 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 21 July | Launch failure | |||
| Apogee: 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) | |||||||
| 22 July 17:57 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-6 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 22 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 24 July 14:07 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-7 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 24 July | Launch failure | |||
| Apogee: 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) | |||||||
| 24 July | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 24 July | Nike-Cajun |
Wallops Island |
US Navy | ||||
| HUGO-1 |
US Navy | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 24 July | Successful | ||
| Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi) | |||||||
| 25 July 15:15 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-8 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 25 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 26 July 15:28 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-9 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 26 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 26 July | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 27 July 15:30 |
Deacon Rockoon |
USS Colonial, PO-9 LP-10 |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Solar | 27 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi) | |||||||
| 27 July | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 27 July | Launch failure | |||
| 28 July | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 July | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 31 July 00:56 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 31 July | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 129 kilometres (80 mi) | |||||||
| July | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
August | |||||||
| 3 August 12:56 |
Aerobee RTV-A-1a |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | 3 August | Launch failure | ||||
| Apogee: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) | |||||||
| 8 August 22:00 |
Nike-Cajun |
Wallops Island |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 8 August | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 9 August 22:47 |
Nike-Cajun |
Wallops Island |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 9 August | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 164 kilometres (102 mi) | |||||||
| 18 August | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | 18 August | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| 18 August | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 18 August | Launch failure | |||
| 23 August | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 23 August | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 142 kilometres (88 mi) | |||||||
| 28 August | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 28 August | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| August | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
| August | R-5 Pobeda |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Technology | Successful | ||||
| Apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi) | |||||||
September | |||||||
| 8 September | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 8 September | Launch failure | |||
| Apogee: 394 kilometres (245 mi) | |||||||
| 20 September 06:45 |
Jupiter-C |
Cape Canaveral LC-5 |
ABMA | ||||
| ABMA | Suborbital | REV test | 20 September | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Jupiter-C, apogee: 1,097 kilometres (682 mi), carried a 39.25 kilograms (86.5 lb) payload[1] | |||||||
| 21 September | Terrapin |
Wallops Island |
NACA | ||||
| NACA | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 September | Launch failure | |||
| Apogee: 16 kilometres (9.9 mi), maiden flight of Terrapin | |||||||
| 21 September | Terrapin |
Wallops Island |
NACA | ||||
| NACA | Suborbital | Test flight | 21 September | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
October | |||||||
| 1 October | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 1 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 145 kilometres (90 mi) | |||||||
| 5 October | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 5 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
| 13 October | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 13 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 102 kilometres (63 mi) | |||||||
| 18 October | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 18 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 155 kilometres (96 mi) | |||||||
| 20 October 22:01 |
Nike-Cajun |
Wallops Island |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 20 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 113 kilometres (70 mi) | |||||||
| 23 October 08:40 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Churchill |
US Army | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 23 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 145 kilometres (90 mi), first spaceflight launched from Canadian soil | |||||||
| 25 October | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 25 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 124 kilometres (77 mi) | |||||||
| 27 October 21:24 |
Nike-Cajun |
USS Rushmore, AO-14 LP-1 |
US Air Force/US Navy | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 27 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 161 kilometres (100 mi) | |||||||
| 31 October | R-11FM Zemlya |
B-67, Beloye More |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
| 31 October | R-11FM Zemlya |
B-67, Beloye More |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 31 October | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
November | |||||||
| 2 November 05:39 |
Aerobee AJ10-34 |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Chemical release | 2 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 146 kilometres (91 mi) | |||||||
| 2 November 18:40 |
Nike-Cajun |
USS Rushmore, AO-14 LP-2 |
US Air Force/US Navy | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 2 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 131 kilometres (81 mi) | |||||||
| 4 November 18:54 |
Nike-Cajun |
USS Rushmore, AO-14 LP-3 |
US Air Force/US Navy | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 4 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 162 kilometres (101 mi) | |||||||
| 5 November 07:50 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
Churchill |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Auroral | 5 November | Launch failure | |||
| 5 November | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 5 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 118 kilometres (73 mi) | |||||||
| 7 November 15:02 |
Nike-Cajun |
USS Rushmore, AO-14 LP-4 |
US Air Force/US Navy | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 7 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 169 kilometres (105 mi) | |||||||
| 10 November 15:17 |
Nike-Cajun |
USS Rushmore, AO-14 LP-5 |
US Air Force/US Navy | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 10 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 161 kilometres (100 mi) | |||||||
| 15 November 19:32 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
Churchill |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 15 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 129 kilometres (80 mi) | |||||||
| 16 November | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 16 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi) | |||||||
| 17 November 16:48 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
Churchill |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Aeronomy Solar | 17 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 209 kilometres (130 mi) | |||||||
| 21 November 05:21 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
Churchill |
US Navy | ||||
| NRL | Suborbital | Ionospheric Auroral | 15 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
| 23 November | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 23 November | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi) | |||||||
December | |||||||
| 3 December | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 3 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 125 kilometres (78 mi) | |||||||
| 8 December 06:03 |
Viking |
Cape Canaveral LC-18A |
US Navy | ||||
| ABMA | Suborbital | REV test | 8 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 203.5 kilometres (126.4 mi)[2] | |||||||
| 11 December | X-17 |
Cape Canaveral LC-3 |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | REV test | 11 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 144 kilometres (89 mi) | |||||||
| 13 December 21:44 |
Aerobee-150 (Hi) |
Holloman LC-A |
US Air Force | ||||
| US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 13 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 193 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
| 20 December | R-1 |
Kapustin Yar |
OKB-1 | ||||
| MVS | Suborbital | Ionospheric | 20 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
| 26 December | R-11FM Zemlya |
B-67, Beloye More |
OKB-1 | ||||
| OKB-1 | Suborbital | Missile test | 26 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
References
Generic references:
Spaceflight portal
Spaceflight portal- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Footnotes
- "Explorer Information". NASA History Office. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2007.
- "Early Test Firings". NASA History Office. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2007.
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