1992 Summer Paralympics

The 1992 Summer Paralympics (Spanish: Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992) were the ninth Paralympic Games to be held. They were held in Barcelona, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, Madrid.[2]

IX Paralympic Games
Host cityBarcelona and Madrid, Spain
MottoSport Without Limits
(Catalan: Esport Sense Límits)
(Spanish: Deporte Sin Límites)
Nations82 (BCN)
75 (MAD)[1]
Athletes3,020 (BCN)
1,600 (MAD)[1][2]
Events487 in 15 sports (BCN)
68 in 5 sports (MAD)
Opening3 September (BCN)
15 September (MAD)
Closing14 September (BCN)
22 September (MAD)
Opened by
Queen Sofía of Spain
Cauldron
Antonio Rebollo (BCN)
Coral Bistuer (MAD)
StadiumEstadi Olímpic de Montjuïc (BCN)
Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid (MAD)
Summer
← Seoul 1988 Atlanta 1996 →
Winter
← Tignes/Albertville 1992 Lillehammer 1994 →
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1992 Summer Paralympics

Sports

The games consisted of 560 events spread over fifteen sports. Powerlifting and weightlifting were considered to be a single sport. Wheelchair tennis, a demonstration sport at the 1988 Summer Paralympics, was contested as an official medal sport for the first time.[1]

Venues

In total 11 venues were used at the 1992 Summer Olympics and one new one was used at the Games in Barcelona.[3]

Montjuic

Parc del Mar

Vall d'Hebron

In the north of the city, the Horta-Guinardó District, hosted three sports:

Other Venues

Madrid

Medal count
Main article: 1992 Summer Paralympics medal table

A total of 1710 medals were awarded during the 1992 games: 555 gold, 557 silver, and 594 bronze. The United States topped the medal count with more gold medals, more silver medals, and more medals overall than any other nation. Germany took the most bronze medals, with 59.[4] The Madrid medals are counted too and added in the table[2] In the table below, the ranking sorts by the number of gold medals earned by a nation (in this context a nation is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee).

  Host country (Spain)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)755248175
2 Germany (GER)615159171
3 Great Britain (GBR)425145138
4 Spain (ESP)*393249120
5 Australia (AUS)373736110
6 France (FRA)363635107
7 Canada (CAN)29232981
8 Unified Team (EUN)19151650
9 Sweden (SWE)16331968
10 China (CHN)168731
Totals (10 nations)3703383431051

Participating delegations

103 delegations participated at the 1992 Summer Paralympics.

South Africa returned to the Paralympics for the first time since being declared "undesirable" due to its policy of apartheid in 1980.[5][6] Countries who made their first appearances in the Barcelona Games were Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Chinese Taipei, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Iraq, Myanmar, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Seychelles, Tanzania, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay and Yemen.

Following the dissolutions of Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovenia all competed as independent countries, some former Soviet republics competed for Unified Team (countries included Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine – these countries all competed independently in the 1996 Games). Germany competed as a reunified country for the first time after the Fall of the Berlin Wall.

Twenty-one countries did not send a delegation to Barcelona, but sent one to Madrid; they were: Aruba, Bolivia, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, El Salvador, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Philippines, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Suriname and Zimbabwe.[2]

Mascot
Main article: Cobi and Petra

The official mascot was Petra, an armless girl designed by Javier Mariscal.

Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap

The first Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympic games in the Spanish capital of Madrid from 15 to 22 September.[7] Over 1,400 athletes from 74 nations participated in the competition, which was sponsored by the Association Nacional Prestura de Servicio (ANDE) and sanctioned by the International Coordinating Committee of World Sport Organizations for the Disabled and the International Association of Sport for the Mentally Handicapped. The games featured a cultural exchange group, a group of intellectually disabled men from Nagasaki who played taiko (traditional drums) during the opening and closing ceremonies and selected track events.[2][8]

See also

References
  1. "Barcelona 1992 – General Information". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  2. "Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot!". Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com. 25 June 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  3. elmundodeportivo.es. "Sedes e instalaciones". Retrieved 5 October 2009.
  4. "Medal Standings – Barcelona 1992 Paralympic Games". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  5. "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s", International Institute of Social History
  6. South Africa at the Paralympics, International Paralympic Committee
  7. Yabe, Kyonosuke; Kusano, Katsuhiko; Nakata, Hideo (2012). Adapted Physical Activity: Health and Fitness. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 23. ISBN 978-4-431-68272-1.
  8. DePauw, Karen P; Rich, Sarah (Winter 1993). "1992 Ad". Palaestra. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
Preceded by
Seoul		 Summer Paralympics
Barcelona–Madrid
IX Paralympic Summer Games (1992)		 Succeeded by
Atlanta
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