2004 Summer Paralympics

The 2004 Summer Paralympics (Greek: Θερινοί Παραολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004), the 12th Summer Paralympic Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee, held in Athens, Greece from 17 to 28 September 2004. 3,806 athletes from 136 National Paralympic Committees competed. 519 medal events were held in 19 sports.

XII Paralympic Games
Host cityAthens, Greece
MottoGreat Athletes. Great Performances.
(Greek: Μεγάλοι αθλητές. Μεγάλες Επιδόσεις.)
Nations135
Athletes3,806
Events519 in 19 sports
Opening17 September
Closing28 September
Opened by
President Costis Stephanopoulos
Cauldron
Georgios Toptsis
StadiumAthens Olympic Stadium
Summer
← Sydney 2000 Beijing 2008 →
Winter
← Salt Lake City 2002 Turin 2006 →
Part of a series on
2004 Summer Paralympics

Four new events were introduced to the Paralympics in Athens; 5-a-side football for the blind, quads wheelchair tennis, and women's competitions in judo and sitting volleyball. Following a scandal at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, in which the Spanish intellectually-disabled basketball team was stripped of their gold medal after it was found that multiple players had not met the eligibility requirements, ID-class events were suspended.[1][2]

Medal count
Main article: 2004 Summer Paralympics medal table

A total of 1567 medals were awarded during the Athens games: 519 gold, 516 silver, and 532 bronze. China topped the medal count with more gold medals, more silver medals, and more medals overall than any other nation. In the table below, the ranking sorts by the number of gold medals earned by a nation (in this context a nation is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee).

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China634632141
2 Great Britain35302994
3 Canada28192572
4 United States27223988
5 Australia263936101
6 Ukraine24121955
7 Spain20272471
8 Germany19283178
9 France18263074
10 Japan17172054
Totals (10 nations)277266285828

Among the top individual medal winners was Mayumi Narita of Japan, who took seven golds and one bronze medal in swimming, setting six world records in the process and bringing her overall Paralympic gold medal total to fifteen. Chantal Petitclerc of Canada won five golds and set three world records in wheelchair racing, while Swedish shooter Jonas Jacobsson took four gold medals.[3] France's Béatrice Hess won her nineteenth and twentieth Paralympic gold medals in swimming. Swimmer Trischa Zorn of the United States won just one medal, a bronze, but it was her 55th ever Paralympic medal. She retained her position as the most successful Paralympian of all times.[4]

Opening ceremony
From the Paralympics opening ceremony

The opening ceremony for the 2004 Summer Paralympics took place on 17 September 2004. The show started with children passing on knowledge and raising their lights to the sky. This was a reference to Hippocrates, who transferred knowledge to the children. A 26 meters tall olive tree (with more than 195,000 leaves) symbolising life stood in the middle of the arena. The opening ceremony also featured a performance with human drama, with light and with music, in an allegory about obstacles and limits. The Parade of Delegations was accompanied by the music of French composers Yves Stepping and Jean Christophe. The music told the legend of Hephaestos, god of fire and son of Zeus and Hera. An athlete from Turkmenistan propelled himself around the stadium by doing somersaults. Greece, the home team, received a strong cheer. After that, fireworks erupted at the stadium. There were 150 local support staff involved and 400 volunteers. The children were from ages 8 to 17, coming from Australia, France, Spain, Greece and Germany. The Games were officially declared opened by Greek president Costis Stephanopoulos and Philip Craven, the president of the International Paralympic Committee. They were accompanied by the head of the organizing committee Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, who told the athletes and the audience: "The Olympic flame illuminates athletes. Many of you will leave Athens with medals, but all of you will leave as champions." Phil Craven quoted Democritus in his speech: "Two thousand years ago, Democritus said 'To win oneself is the first and best of all victories.' This holds true for all athletes, but especially for Paralympians. Recognising and cultivating your unique abilities and mastering challenges – you set standards and give expression for many people, young and old, around the world." The paralympic flame was lit by Georgios Toptsis a pioneer athlete in Greece. Toptsis was won three medals (one silver and two bronze) between the 1988 and 1996 Games.

Closing ceremony

The closing ceremony for the 2004 Summer Paralympics took place on 28 September 2004. The traditional cultural display was removed from the ceremony as a mark of respect for the deaths of seven teenagers from Farkadona, travelling to Athens, whose bus collided with a truck near the town of Kamena Vourla.[5][6]

"The Athens Olympics Organising Committee [ATHOC] has decided to cancel the closing ceremony of the 12th Athens Paralympics as initially planned and scheduled because of the tragic accident that cost the life of pupils. The artistic and entertainment part of the ceremony will not take place." (official statement)[6]

Flags were flown at half mast and a minute's silence was observed. In contrast with the formal nature of the opening ceremony, the athletes entered the stadium for the final time as a collective. The flag of the IPC was then officially handed over to the 2008 hosts, Beijing. An artistic presentation to acknowledge Beijing as the next host was still shown, which also unveiled the IPC's new logo. A procession of young people then made their way to join the athletes in the centre of the stadium carrying paper lanterns, before the Paralympic flame was extinguished, the final moment of the Paralympic Games.[7]

Media coverage controversy

Although the Paralympic Games were broadcast to around 1.6 billion viewers throughout 49 countries,[8] some controversy was caused when no American television network stayed to broadcast the event.[9] This resulted in some US viewers having to wait almost 2 months until the coverage was broadcast, compared with live feeds in the UK and other countries.[10]

Paralympic Media Awards

The BBC won the best broadcaster award.[11]

Sports and impairment groups
The Swedish men's goalball team at the 2004 Paralympic Games; the team won a silver medal

Following a scandal at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, in which the Spanish intellectually-disabled basketball team was stripped of their gold medal after it was found that multiple players had not met the eligibility requirements, ID-class events were suspended, in 2001, the IPC decided to remove events for the intellectually disabled and make several changes to other classifications of different events.In addition, the IPC also expanded the number of events for women in various sports, replacing the standing volleyball tournament with the female sitting volleyball another move was realization of women's events in judo.Two new events was also added in the program: 5-a-side football for the blind and the quads events on wheelchair tennis. As a result, 32 fewer finals were held than Sydney, totaling 519 finals.[1][2]

Results for individual events can be found on the relevant page.

Venues

In total 15 venues were used at the 2004 Summer Olympics.[12]

OAKA

HOC

Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex

Markopoulo

Other Venues

Participating nations

Athletes from 135 nations competed in the Athens Paralympics.[13] Bangladesh, Botswana, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Suriname, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan all competed for the first time. Mali participated in the ceremonies as the country sent only nine officials.

See also

References
  1. "Intellectual disability ban ends". BBC Sport. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  2. "Paralympics set to alter entry policy". BBC News. 13 September 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  3. "Athens 2004 – General Information". International Paralympic Committee. 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  4. "Times Square Honors Athletes", International Paralympic Committee, January 5, 2005
  5. Jones, Sam (28 September 2004). "Seven children die in Paralympics bus crash". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  6. "Games finale cut after bus deaths". BBC News. 27 September 2004. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  7. "Games finale cut after bus deaths", BBC News Online, 2004-09-27
  8. "International Paralympic Committee Annual report 2004" Archived 2011-09-02 at the Wayback Machine, IPC
  9. "Athens advance Paralympics", BBC News Online, 2004-09-24
  10. "US TV Coverage of the Paralympics – starts November ...", paralympics.com, 2004-09-20
  11. "BBC given top Paralympic honour". BBC. 22 November 2005.
  12. "The Experience". Athens 2004 Olympic and Paralympics Organizing Committee. 2004. Archived from the original on 18 March 2006. Retrieved 25 October 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  13. "Athens 2004 Paralympics". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
Preceded by
Sydney		 Summer Paralympics
Athens
XII Paralympic Summer Games (2004)		 Succeeded by
Beijing
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