1994 NCAA Division I-A football season

The 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season, play of college football in the United States at the NCAA Division I-A level, began in August 1994 and ended on January 2, 1995. Nebraska, who finished the season undefeated, ended the year ranked No. 1 in both the Associated Press and Coaches polls. This was the first national championship of coach Tom Osborne's career at Nebraska, despite coming close in two prior attempts; in 1983, his team lost to Miami after Osborne, with his team trailing 31–30 late in the game, elected to try for the lead instead of the tie and failed. In the previous season, Osborne's team lost to eventual national champion Florida State on a missed field goal as time expired.

1994 NCAA Division I-A season
Number of teams	107[1]
Preseason AP No. 1	Florida[2]
Post-season
Bowl games	19
Heisman Trophy	Rashaan Salaam (running back, Colorado)
Bowl Coalition Championship
1995 Orange Bowl
Site	Miami Orange Bowl, Miami, Florida
Champion(s)	Nebraska
Division I-A football seasons
← 1993 1995 →

Although Osborne's team finished the season unbeaten, the national championship picture again was engulfed in controversy. For much of the second half of the season, Nebraska and Penn State were regarded as the top two teams in the country. This raised the possibility of a split national championship for the third time since 1990, due in large part to the system in place that had been concocted to avoid a split title.

Following the 1991 season, where Miami and Washington split the national championship in the AP and Coaches' polls, the Bowl Coalition was founded. The Coalition consisted of six bowls, with the Orange, Fiesta, Cotton, and Sugar bowls were all considered potential hosts for a national championship game. Since three of these bowls already had specific tie-ins with conferences, an agreement was struck where the conferences would agree to release those teams from their contractual obligations in order to achieve a No. 1 vs No. 2 matchup. For the first two years of the Coalition, this did occur without incident as the Sugar and Orange Bowls in 1993 and 1994 featured No. 1 vs. No. 2 matchups in their respective games.

The problem with this as far as 1994 was concerned was that the Rose Bowl, which featured the Pac-10 and Big Ten champions playing each other, was not included in the Coalition and thus a team that finished No. 1 or No. 2 in the polls from those two conferences could not be considered by the Coalition to be its national champion. Nebraska, as a member of the Big Eight Conference, was part of the coalition while Penn State was not. As Nebraska went on to win the conference title, it earned an automatic bid to the Orange Bowl to face off against No. 3 Miami, who won the Big East title and was No. 2 in the Coalition pool. Thus Miami, who as recently as two years earlier was in the Coalition championship game, had a chance to stake a claim as the national champion with a win (as they would have been awarded the Coaches' Trophy) and all but ensure a split title with Penn State provided they defeated No. 13 Oregon in the Rose Bowl.

On January 1, 1995, Nebraska defeated Miami in the Orange Bowl 24–17 and clinched the championship. The next day Penn State defeated Oregon in the Rose Bowl by a count of 38–20 and secured the No. 2 spot in the polls.

In the offseason that followed, the Bowl Coalition was disbanded and in its place came the Bowl Alliance, which attempted to serve the same purpose by rotating a national championship game between the Sugar, Fiesta, and Orange Bowls. Like the Bowl Coalition before it, the Bowl Alliance did not include the Rose Bowl and two of the three national championship games did not feature a No. 1 vs. No. 2 matchup, with the 1997 season seeing another split national championship.

Conference and program changes

• The number of teams in Division I-A grew to 107 as Northeast Louisiana University left Division I-AA's Southland Conference and became an independent.

School	1993 Conference	1994 Conference
Northeast Louisiana Indians	Southland (I-AA)	I-A Independent

Southwest Conference announces dissolution

In February 1994, before the season began, an announcement was made regarding the future of the Southwest Conference. In 1991, the SWC became an all-Texas conference as Arkansas left the SWC to join the Southeastern Conference. As 1994 began Texas was rumored to be considering joining the Pac-10 with Big Eight member Colorado (rumors that would resurface over a decade later, which eventually resulted in Colorado joining the Pac-10 with Utah to form the Pac-12), while Texas A&M was reported to be looking at joining the SEC (which they would eventually do in 2012). On February 25, 1994, it was announced that Texas, Texas Tech, Texas A&M, and Baylor would be joining with all eight of the teams in the Big Eight to form the Big 12 Conference, in 1996. Following this decision, another decision was made regarding the future of remaining SWC members SMU, Houston, TCU, and Rice; SMU, TCU, and Rice would join the Western Athletic Conference while Houston joined Conference USA. (Of the schools that joined the Big 12, as noted, the only one that did not stay in the conference was Texas A&M. TCU, SMU, and Rice all eventually became part of Conference USA as well, with TCU being the first to join while the other three schools joined as part of the 2005 conference realignment. TCU left for the Mountain West Conference in 2005 and eventually joined their former SWC brethren in the Big 12, while SMU and Houston became part of the American Athletic Conference in 2013 with the former Big East football schools that were still in the conference. Rice still plays in C-USA.)

Heisman Trophy

The 1994 Heisman Trophy presentation ceremony was held on December 10, 1994, at the Downtown Athletic Club in New York City. The five finalists were:

Jay Barker, quarterback, Alabama

Ki-Jana Carter, running back, Penn State

Kerry Collins, quarterback, Penn State

Steve McNair, quarterback, Alcorn State

Rashaan Salaam, running back, Colorado

Warren Sapp from Miami was the 6th finalist and also attended the ceremony.

McNair's nomination as a finalist was a rare feat, as Alcorn State was a member of Division I-AA and I-AA awarded the Walter Payton Award to its most outstanding player (which McNair won).

The Heisman voters awarded the trophy to Salaam, who also won the Walter Camp Award and the Doak Walker Award. Salaam received 400 first place votes and 1743 total points, 842 more than second-place Carter. McNair finished third, sixteen points ahead of Collins, and Barker finished a distant fifth.

Other players receiving votes were Miami defensive tackle Warren Sapp, Georgia quarterback Eric Zeier, Nebraska running back Lawrence Phillips and offensive tackle Zach Wiegert, and Washington running back Napoleon Kaufman.

Notable games

• The Miracle at Michigan: in a September 24 matchup between No. 4 Michigan and No. 7 Colorado, the visiting Buffaloes trailed the host Wolverines 26–14 with 2:16 remaining in the game. Colorado scored two touchdowns in the final minutes, the last being a 64–yard pass from Kordell Stewart to Michael Westbrook on the last play of the game.
• Choke at Doak: In the annual matchup between Florida and Florida State, the visiting Gators led the defending national champion Seminoles 31–3 entering the fourth quarter. Florida State rallied to score four touchdowns in the final period, but ran out of time to potentially score the winning points on their last possession and the game ended in a 31–31 tie.
• Penn State-Indiana: Despite beating No. 21 Ohio State 63–14 in Happy Valley on October 29, Penn State surprisingly dropped to No. 2 in the subsequent AP poll after No. 3 Nebraska defeated No. 2 Colorado 24–7. The Nittany Lions remained No. 1 in the CNN/USA Today Coaches poll by a small margin. Penn State traveled to Indiana for their next game and took a comfortable 35–14 lead in the fourth quarter. Penn State coach Joe Paterno elected to pull his starters with the lead, which allowed Indiana to score two touchdowns late in the game including a deflected Hail Mary and two-point conversion with no time on the clock. Penn State won 35–29, but fell further behind Nebraska in the AP poll and dropped to No. 2 in the CNN/USA Today coaches poll as well. The Indiana game is often cited erroneously as the single point at which Nebraska passed Penn State, but the reality is that the Nittany Lions fell to No. 2 in the AP poll a week prior to that game.[3][4]

Other notes

After being played for the first two years at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama, the SEC Championship Game moved to its now-permanent home in Atlanta's Georgia Dome. Meanwhile, in Jacksonville, the demolition and reconstruction of Gator Bowl Stadium that coincided with the Jacksonville Jaguars' entry into the NFL for 1995 forced the Gator Bowl to move to Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville for its 1994 playing. The game returned to Jacksonville in the newly built Jacksonville Municipal Stadium the following year. Also, John Hancock Insurance's deal for naming rights to the Sun Bowl expired and the game reverted to its former name.

Although Nebraska, Penn State and Alabama were still ranked in the Top 10, many of college football's legendary teams finished the regular season with their lowest rankings in years. Ohio State finished the season ranked 14th in the AP poll while Michigan was No. 20 and USC No. 21. Notre Dame, which started the season ranked fourth, finished the season unranked as did preseason No. 16 Oklahoma.

Rule changes

Due to several fighting incidents that occurred during the 1993 season (including one between the Miami Hurricanes and the Colorado Buffaloes that resulted in 12 ejections), the following changes were made:

• Players involved in fighting on the field will draw a 15-yard penalty and an automatic ejection. If the ejection occurs in the first half, the player(s) will be disqualified for the remainder of the game. If the ejection occurs in the second half (or in overtime as of the 1996 season), the player(s) will be disqualified for the remainder of that game plus the first half of his team's next regularly scheduled game.
• Players leaving the bench to participate in fights will be ejected for the remainder of the game plus his team's entire next regularly scheduled game.
• Repeat offenders will be ejected and suspended for the remainder of the season.
• The officials' jurisdiction over games will begin 60 minutes before kickoff. Any pre-game fights or taunting will be penalized the same as if the fight/taunting occurred during the game, with any yardage penalties enforced on the opening kickoff. The officials' jurisdiction was extended to 90 minutes before kickoff starting with the 2020 season.
• The prohibition against the use of two-post goalposts is deleted, reversing a 1985 rule. LSU was allowed by the NCAA to place goals with two posts in Tiger Stadium late in the 1993 season in conjunction with its football centennial. Florida State and Washington State quickly followed suit.
• The use of officials from different conferences ("split crews") was outlawed, except for game contracts signed before January 1, 1994. The NCAA extended the ban to all games before the 1998 season.

Conference standings

1994 Atlantic Coast Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T No. 4 Florida State $ 8 – 0 – 0     10 – 1 – 1 No. 17 NC State 6 – 2 – 0     9 – 3 – 0 No. 15 Virginia 5 – 3 – 0     9 – 3 – 0 Duke 5 – 3 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 North Carolina 5 – 3 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 Clemson 4 – 4 – 0     5 – 6 – 0 Maryland 2 – 6 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 Wake Forest 1 – 7 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 Georgia Tech 0 – 8 – 0     1 – 10 – 0 $ – Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll	1994 Big East Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T No. 6 Miami (FL) $ 7 – 0 – 0     10 – 2 – 0 Virginia Tech 5 – 2 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 Syracuse 4 – 3 – 0     7 – 4 – 0 West Virginia 4 – 3 – 0     7 – 6 – 0 No. 23 Boston College 3 – 3 – 1     7 – 4 – 1 Rutgers 2 – 4 – 1     5 – 5 – 1 Pittsburgh 2 – 5 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 Temple 0 – 7 – 0     2 – 9 – 0 $ – Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll	1994 Big Eight Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T No. 1 Nebraska $ 7 – 0 – 0     13 – 0 – 0 No. 3 Colorado % 6 – 1 – 0     11 – 1 – 0 No. 19 Kansas State 5 – 2 – 0     9 – 3 – 0 Oklahoma 4 – 3 – 0     6 – 6 – 0 Kansas 3 – 4 – 0     6 – 5 – 0 Missouri 2 – 5 – 0     3 – 8 – 1 Oklahoma State 0 – 6 – 1     3 – 7 – 1 Iowa State 0 – 6 – 1     0 – 10 – 1 $ – Bowl Coalition representative as champion % – Bowl Coalition at-large representative Rankings from AP Poll
1994 Big Ten Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T No. 2 Penn State $ 8 – 0 – 0     12 – 0 – 0 No. 14 Ohio State 6 – 2 – 0     9 – 4 – 0 Wisconsin 5 – 2 – 1     8 – 3 – 1 No. 12 Michigan 5 – 3 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 Illinois 4 – 4 – 0     7 – 5 – 0 Purdue 3 – 3 – 2     5 – 4 – 2 Iowa 3 – 4 – 1     5 – 5 – 1 Indiana 3 – 5 – 0     6 – 5 – 0 Northwestern 3 – 5 – 0     4 – 6 – 1 Minnesota 1 – 7 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 Michigan State† 0 – 8 – 0     0 – 11 – 0 $ – Conference champion † Michigan State forfeited 5 wins, 4 conference wins Rankings from AP Poll	1994 Big West Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T Nevada + 5 – 1 – 0     9 – 2 – 0 UNLV + 5 – 1 – 0     7 – 5 – 0 Southwestern Louisiana + 5 – 1 – 0     6 – 5 – 0 Pacific (CA) 4 – 2 – 0     6 – 5 – 0 Northern Illinois 3 – 3 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 San Jose State 3 – 3 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 Utah State 2 – 4 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 New Mexico State 2 – 4 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 Louisiana Tech 1 – 5 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 Arkansas State 0 – 6 – 0     1 – 10 – 0 + – Conference co-champions	1994 Mid-American Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T Central Michigan $ 8 – 1 – 0     9 – 3 – 0 Bowling Green 7 – 1 – 0     9 – 2 – 0 Western Michigan 5 – 3 – 0     7 – 4 – 0 Miami 5 – 3 – 0     5 – 5 – 1 Ball State 5 – 3 – 1     5 – 5 – 1 Toledo 4 – 3 – 1     6 – 4 – 1 Eastern Michigan 5 – 4 – 0     5 – 6 – 0 Kent State 2 – 7 – 0     2 – 9 – 0 Akron 1 – 8 – 0     1 – 10 – 0 Ohio 0 – 9 – 0     0 – 11 – 0 $ – Conference champion
1994 Pacific-10 Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T No. 11 Oregon $ 7 – 1 – 0     9 – 4 – 0 No. 13 USC 6 – 2 – 0     8 – 3 – 1 No. 20 Arizona 6 – 2 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 No. 21 Washington State 5 – 3 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 Washington 4 – 4 – 0     7 – 4 – 0 UCLA 3 – 5 – 0     5 – 6 – 0 California 3 – 5 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 Oregon State 2 – 6 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 Stanford 2 – 6 – 0     3 – 7 – 1 Arizona State 2 – 6 – 0     3 – 8 – 0 $ – Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll	1994 Southeastern Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T Eastern Division No. 7 Florida x$ 7 – 1 – 0     10 – 2 – 1 No. 22 Tennessee 5 – 3 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 South Carolina 4 – 4 – 0     7 – 5 – 0 Georgia 3 – 4 – 1     6 – 4 – 1 Vanderbilt 2 – 6 – 0     5 – 6 – 0 Kentucky 0 – 8 – 0     1 – 10 – 0 Western Division No. 5 Alabama x 8 – 0 – 0     12 – 1 – 0 No. 9 Auburn 6 – 1 – 1     9 – 1 – 1 No. 24 Mississippi State 5 – 3 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 LSU 3 – 5 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 Arkansas 2 – 6 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 Ole Miss 2 – 6 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 Championship: Florida 24, Alabama 23 $ – Conference champion x – Division champion/co-champions Rankings from AP Poll	1994 Southwest Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T No. 8 Texas A&M* 6 – 0 – 1     10 – 0 – 1 No. 25 Texas + 4 – 3 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 Baylor + 4 – 3 – 0     7 – 5 – 0 TCU + 4 – 3 – 0     7 – 5 – 0 Texas Tech + 4 – 3 – 0     6 – 6 – 0 Rice + 4 – 3 – 0     5 – 6 – 0 Houston 1 – 6 – 0     1 – 10 – 0 SMU 0 – 6 – 1     1 – 9 – 1 + – Conference co-champions *Texas A&M ineligible for championship and post-season due to NCAA sanctions Rankings from AP Poll
1994 Western Athletic Conference football standings Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T No. 16 Colorado State $ 7 – 1 – 0     10 – 2 – 0 No. 10 Utah 6 – 2 – 0     10 – 2 – 0 No. 18 BYU 6 – 2 – 0     10 – 3 – 0 Air Force 6 – 2 – 0     8 – 4 – 0 Wyoming 4 – 4 – 0     6 – 6 – 0 New Mexico 4 – 4 – 0     5 – 7 – 0 Fresno State 3 – 4 – 1     5 – 7 – 1 San Diego State 2 – 6 – 0     4 – 7 – 0 UTEP 1 – 6 – 1     3 – 7 – 1 Hawaii 0 – 8 – 0     3 – 8 – 1 $ – Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll	1994 NCAA Division I-A independents football records Conf     Overall Team W   L   T     W   L   T East Carolina   –       7 – 5 – 0 Louisville   –       6 – 5 – 0 Memphis   –       6 – 5 – 0 Southern Miss   –       6 – 5 – 0 Notre Dame   –       6 – 5 – 1 Army   –       4 – 7 – 0 Northeast Louisiana   –       3 – 8 – 0 Navy   –       3 – 8 – 0 Tulsa   –       3 – 8 – 0 Cincinnati   –       2 – 8 – 1 Tulane   –       1 – 10 – 0 Rankings from AP Poll

Bowl Coalition No. 1 and No. 2

The Bowl Coalition did not include the Big 10 and Pacific-10 conferences, whose champions played in the Rose Bowl. Penn State, which was ranked No. 1 in the Oct 18 and Oct 25 polls, and No. 2 for the remainder of the season, finished the regular season 11–0–0 and played in the Rose Bowl as the champion of the Big Ten.

WEEKS	First	Conference	Second	Conference
PRE	Florida	SEC	Notre Dame	Independent
1	Florida	SEC	Nebraska	Big 8
2	Nebraska	Big 8	Florida	SEC
3-7	Florida	SEC	Nebraska	Big 8
8-9	No. 2 Colorado	Big 8	No. 3 Nebraska	Big 8
10-11	Nebraska	Big 8	No. 3 Auburn	SEC
12	Nebraska	Big 8	No. 3 Florida	SEC
13–14	Nebraska	Big 8	No. 3 Alabama	SEC
15	Nebraska	Big 8	No. 3 Miami	Big East

Bowl games

• Orange Bowl: No. 1 Nebraska 24, No. 3 Miami 17
• Rose Bowl: No. 2 Penn State 38, No. 12 Oregon 20
• Sugar Bowl: No. 7 Florida State 23, No. 5 Florida 17
• Cotton Bowl Classic: No. 21 USC 55, Texas Tech 14
• Fiesta Bowl: No. 4 Colorado 41, Notre Dame 24
• Peach Bowl: No. 23 NC State 28, No. 16 Mississippi State 24
• Florida Citrus Bowl: No. 6 Alabama 24, No. 13 Ohio State 17
• Hall of Fame Bowl: Wisconsin 34, No. 25 Duke 20
• Carquest Bowl: South Carolina 24, West Virginia 21
• Sun Bowl: Texas 35, No. 18 North Carolina 31
• Gator Bowl: Tennessee 45, No. 17 Virginia Tech 23
• Copper Bowl: No. 22 BYU 31, Oklahoma 6
• Alamo Bowl: No. 24 Washington State 10, Baylor 3
• Holiday Bowl: No. 20 Michigan 24, No. 10 Colorado State 14
• Freedom Bowl: No. 14 Utah 16, No. 15 Arizona 13
• Liberty Bowl: Illinois 30, East Carolina 0
• Aloha Bowl: Boston College 12, No. 11 Kansas State 7
• Independence Bowl: No. 18 Virginia 20, TCU 10
• Las Vegas Bowl: UNLV 52, Central Michigan 24

Final AP Poll

1. Nebraska
2. Penn State
3. Colorado
4. Florida State
5. Alabama
6. Miami (FL)
7. Florida
8. Texas A&M
9. Auburn
10. Utah
11. Oregon
12. Michigan
13. USC
14. Ohio State
15. Virginia
16. Colorado State
17. N.C. State
18. BYU
19. Kansas State
20. Arizona
21. Washington State
22. Tennessee
23. Boston College
24. Mississippi State
25. Texas

Final Coaches Poll

1. Nebraska
2. Penn State
3. Colorado
4. Alabama
5. Florida State
6. Miami (FL)
7. Florida
8. Utah
9. Ohio St.
10. Brigham Young
11. Oregon
12. Michigan
13. Virginia
14. Colorado State
15. Southern California
16. Kansas State
17. North Carolina State
18. Tennessee
19. Washington State
20. Arizona
21. North Carolina
22. Boston College
23. Texas
24. Virginia Tech
25. Mississippi State

Heisman Trophy voting

The Heisman Memorial Trophy Award is given to the Most Outstanding Player of the year

Winner:

Rashaan Salaam, Colorado, JR. RB (1400 votes)

• 2. Ki-Jana Carter, Penn St., Jr. RB (1080 votes)
• 3. Steve McNair, Alcorn St., Sr. QB (982 votes)
• 4. Kerry Collins, Penn St., Sr. QB (392 votes)
• 5. Jay Barker, Alabama, Sr. QB (294 votes)

Other major awards

• Maxwell Award (College Player of the Year) – Kerry Collins, Penn State
• Walter Camp Award (Back) – Rashaan Salaam, Colorado
• Davey O'Brien Award (Quarterback) – Kerry Collins, Penn State
• Doak Walker Award (Running Back) – Rashaan Salaam, Colorado
• Dick Butkus Award (Linebacker) – Dana Howard, Illinois
• Lombardi Award (Lineman or Linebacker) – Warren Sapp, Miami
• Outland Trophy (Interior Lineman) – Zach Wiegert, OT, Nebraska
• Jim Thorpe Award (Defensive Back) – Chris Hudson, Colorado
• AFCA Coach of the Year – Tom Osborne, Nebraska
• FWAA Coach of the Year – Joe Paterno, Penn State
• Paul "Bear" Bryant Award – Rich Brooks, Oregon

References

1. http://www.jhowell.net/cf/cf1994.htm
2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2009-01-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. http://www.collegepollarchive.com/football/ap/seasons.cfm?appollid=747#.U_kFfPmwJcQ
4. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-10-31/sports/9410310024_1_cornhuskers-nittany-lions-orange-bowl