2020 Tanzanian general election

General elections were held in Tanzania on 28 October 2020 to elect the President and National Assembly.[1] The presidential election was won by incumbent John Magufuli of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party.[2]

2020 Tanzanian general election

28 October 2020

Nominee John Magufuli Tundu Lissu Party CCM Chadema Running mate Samia Suluhu Salim Mwalimu Popular vote 12,516,252 1,933,271 Percentage 84.40% 13.04%

President before election John Magufuli CCM Elected President John Magufuli CCM

Background

In April 2019, Livingstone Lusinde, an MP for the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party, suggested that holding a presidential election in 2020 was not a good idea due to the cost, and that the money should be used for development projects.[3] The proposal was likely made in order to keep President John Magufuli in office till 2025, with Lusinde saying "no one can defeat president Magufuli" anyway.[4]

Opposition parties Chadema, Alliance for Change and Transparency, and NCCR-Mageuzi announced they had started negotiations to form an alliance ahead of the election.[5]

The election commission announced that the campaign would run from 26 August to 27 October 2020.[6]

Electoral system

The president is elected by plurality voting; the candidate who receives the most votes is elected. Article 39(1) of the 1977 Constitution requires candidates to be Tanzanian citizens by birth, at least 40 years old, be nominated by a political party of which they are a member, be qualified to be an MP or a member of the Zanzibar House of Representatives, and not have any convictions related to tax evasion.[7]

Presidential candidates

CCM

The ruling CCM (and its predecessor parties) has dominated the political scene since the nation attained independence in 1961. Following the restoration of multi-party politics in 1992, it has retained its popularity and the voters' confidence, winning all of the past five general elections (held in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015).[8] The previous election was won by John Magufuli, who ran for re-election for his second term.[9]

CHADEMA

The main opposition party Chama cha Democracia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA) held its general council conference in Dar-es-salaam on 3 August 2020. A total of seven members completed their nomination forms for the position for the Union President.[10]

• Tundu Lissu, MP for Singida East[11]
• Lazaro Nyalandu, former Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade and MP for Singida North[12]
• Mayrose Majige, human development specialist
• Isaya Mwita Charles, mayor of Dar Es Salaam[13]
• Leonard Manyama, political analyst[14]
• Gasper Mwanalyela, advocate for the High Court of Tanzania
• Richmond Simba, advocate

A total of 453 of 456 party general council delegates attended the conference. The three names passed on by the central committee for the general council to vote on were, Tundu Lissu (405 votes), Lazaro Nyalandu (36 votes) and Mayrose Majige (1 vote),[10] with Lissu chosen as CHADEMA's Union presidential candidate.[15]

ACT-Wazalendo

Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo part held their central committee elections on 5 August 2020. The party's 420 central committee members nominated ex foreign minister Bernard Membe with 97.61% vote as the union presidential candidate. Membe was expelled from CCM earlier in the year and moved over to ACT to be able to run for President.[16]

Conduct

On 24 October 2020 the opposition claimed that the government was interfering in the election by making it more difficult to accredit thousands of opposition electoral observers, whose job is to ensure that the election is fair.[17] The opposition has also claimed that the National Electoral Commission, whose members are appointed by the president, have barred the challenger Lissu from campaigning while letting the incumbent Magufuli campaign.[18] From 27 October, the Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) blocked several popular social media websites to restrict communication amid violence in the islands of Zanzibar, where dozens have been shot dead and tens have been injured by the police and other security forces.[17]

According to Al Jazeera, "The election was marred by allegations of arrests of candidates and protesters, restrictions on agents of political parties to access polling stations, multiple voting, pre-ticking of ballots, and widespread blocking of social media." A local elections watchdog group noted a heavy deployment of military and police whose conduct created a “climate of fear”.[19]

Results

President

Candidate		Running mate	Party	Votes	%
	John Magufuli	Samia Suluhu	Chama cha Mapinduzi	12,516,252	84.40
	Tundu Lissu	Salum Mwalimu Juma	Chadema	1,933,271	13.04
	Bernard Kamillius Membe	Omar Fakih Hamad	Alliance for Change and Transparency	81,129	0.55
	Leopord Lucas Mahona	Khamis Ali Hassan	National Reconstruction Alliance	80,787	0.54
	Ibrahim Haruna Lipumba	Hamida Huweishil Abdalla	Civic United Front	72,885	0.49
	John Paul Shibuda	Hassan Kornely Kijogoo	Tanzania Democratic Alliance	33,086	0.22
	Hashim Spunda Rungwe	Mohammed Massoud Rashid	Chama cha Ukombozi wa Umma	32,878	0.22
	Yeremia Kulwa Maganja	Khamis Haji Ambar	NCCR–Mageuzi	19,969	0.13
	Muttamwega Bhatt Mgaywa	Satia Mussa Bebwa	Sauti ya Umma	14,922	0.10
	Cecilia Augustino Mwanga	Tabu Mussa Juma	Attentive Democracy Party	14,556	0.10
	Philipo John Fumbo	Zaina Juma Khamis	Democratic Party	8,283	0.06
	Queen Cuthbert Sendiga	Khamis Juma Shoka	Alliance for Democratic Change	7,627	0.05
	Twalib Ibrahim Kadege	Ramadhan Ali Abdallah	United People's Democratic Party	6,194	0.04
	Seif Maalim Seif	Rashid Ligania Rai	Alliance for African Farmers Party	4,635	0.03
	Khalfan Mohammed Mazrui	Mashavu Alawi Haji	Union for Multiparty Democracy	3,721	0.03
Total				14,830,195	100.00
Valid votes				14,830,195	98.27
Invalid/blank votes				261,755	1.73
Total votes				15,091,950	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				29,754,699	50.72

National Assembly

Party		Votes	%	Seats
				Directly Elected	Women	Appointed	Total	+/–
	Chama Cha Mapinduzi
	Chadema
	Civic United Front
	Alliance for Change and Transparency
	NCCR–Mageuzi
Invalid/blank votes			–	–	–	–	–	–
Total								100
Registered voters/turnout		29,754,699		–	–	–	–	–
Source:

International reactions

Tanzania electoral watch panel,[20] USA State Department,[21] Commonwealth,[22] and European Union[23] were very critical about the elections.

On 10 November 2020, OHCHR published a declaration on the electoral process and its consequences.[24] It was at once answered by Tanzania government.[25]

References

1. "Tanzania to go to polls on October 28, National Electoral". The Citizen. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
2. "Tanzania elections: President Magufuli in landslide win amid fraud claims". BBC News. 31 October 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
3. "Tanzania: Mtera MP proposes presidential election to be skipped in 2020 polls". The Citizen. 8 April 2019.
4. "No one can defeat Magufuli, so no need for 2020 elections: Tanzania MP". Africa News. 4 September 2019.
5. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/ACT-Wazalendo--Chadema-hint-at-a-possible-coalition/1840340-5572934-wws5xr/index.html
6. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/tanzania-presidential-election-held-october-28-200721100331444.html
7. "Constitution of Tanzania" (PDF). Judiciary of Tanzania. 1977. Article 39(1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
8. O'Gorman, Melanie (1 April 2012). "Why the CCM won't lose: the roots of single-party dominance in Tanzania". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 30 (2): 313–333. doi:10.1080/02589001.2012.669566. ISSN 0258-9001. S2CID 17134713.
9. "Tanzanian President Confirms He'll Seek Re-election in October". Bloomberg.com. 17 June 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
10. "Tanzania's opposition picks Tundu Lissu to battle Magufuli in 2020 polls". Daily Nation. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
11. https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Tanzania-parties-nominations-ahead-October-General-Election/4552908-5571900-1472xp1z/index.html
12. ippmedia.com/en/news/aspirants-drawing-individual-manifestos
13. https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-06-175ee9fef06dac5.aspx
14. https://www.eatv.tv/news/current-affairs/mtia-nia-wa-urais-chademaadaihanaanayemhofia
15. https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/africa/article/2001381149/tundu-lissu-to-fly-chadema-s-presidential-ticket
16. "Membe to face Magufuli in October polls as ACT presidential". The Citizen. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
17. "Tanzania opposition loses key seats in vote marred by fraud claim". Al Jazeera. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
18. Odula, Tom (24 October 2020). "Observers say Tanzania's presidential vote is already flawed". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
19. "Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul", Al Jazeera, 30 October 2020 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission
20. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/Tanzania-electoral-watch-panel-condemns-arrest-of-opposition-/1840340-5638084-5khvflz/index.html
21. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/US-State-Department-calls-for-investigation-into-poll/1840340-5638052-12tmoowz/index.html
22. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/Common-Wealth-ready-to-help--urges-Tanzania-to-investigate-polls/1840340-5638060-6r88cw/index.html
23. "Tanzania – Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the elections in Tanzania". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
24. "OHCHR | UN rights chief disturbed by harassment of opposition following Tanzania elections". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
25. https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/tanzania-government-reacts-to-un-concern-over-rights-3018302