Chama Cha Mapinduzi

The Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM; lit. 'Party of the Revolution') is the dominant ruling party in Tanzania and the second longest-ruling party in Africa, only after the National Party of South Africa.[2][3] It was formed in 1977, following the merger of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar respectively.

Party of the Revolution Chama Cha Mapinduzi  (Swahili)
Abbreviation	CCM
Chairman	John Magufuli
Secretary-General	Bashiru Ally
Spokesperson	Humphrey Polepole
Vice chairman	Philip Mangula
Founder	Julius Nyerere Aboud Jumbe
Founded	5 February 1977
Merger of	TANU and ASP
Headquarters	Dodoma
Newspaper	Uhuru
Student wing	Shirikisho la Wanafunzi wa Taasisi za Elimu ya Juu
Youth wing	Umoja wa Vijana wa CCM
Women's wing	Umoja wa Wanawake Tanzania
Parents' wing	Wazazi
Membership (2020)	25.8 million[1]
Ideology	Social democracy Historical: Ujamaa African socialism
Political position	Centre-left Historical: Left-wing to far-left
International affiliation	Progressive Alliance
African affiliation	FLMSA
Colours
Bunge	287 / 393
Zanzibar HoR	81 / 85
EALA	7 / 9
SADC PF	4 / 5
Pan-African Parliament	4 / 5
Election symbol
A hoe and a hammer
Website
Official website
Politics of Tanzania Political parties Elections

TANU and its successor CCM have ruled Tanzania uninterruptedly since independence. Since the creation of a multi-party system, CCM has won the past five general elections in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Jakaya Kikwete, its presidential candidate in 2005, won by a landslide, receiving more than 80% of the popular vote. In the 2010 election, it won 186 of the 239 constituencies, continuing to hold an outright majority in the National Assembly.[4]

History

The party was created on February 5, 1977, under the leadership of Julius Nyerere, through the merger of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), the ruling party in Tanganyika, and the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), the ruling party in Zanzibar.

TANU/CCM has dominated the politics of Tanzania since the independence of Tanganyika in 1961. Due to the merger with the ASP, from 1977 it has also been the ruling party in Zanzibar, though there its grip on power has been more contested by the Civic United Front (CUF).

From its formation until 1992, it was the only legally permitted party in the country. Every five years, its national chairman was automatically elected to a five-year term as president; he was confirmed in office via a referendum. At the same time, voters were presented with two CCM candidates for the National Assembly or Bunge. This changed on July 1, 1992, when amendments to the Constitution and a number of laws permitting and regulating the formation and operations of more than one political party were enacted by the National Assembly.

Ideology

Originally a champion of African socialism, upholder of the system of collectivized agriculture known as Ujamaa and firmly oriented to the left, the CCM espouses today a more social-democratic approach. CCM hopes to continue to modernize in order to ensure:

1. Increased productivity which would boost the country's revenue
2. Increased employment and improved management
3. Acquisition of new and modern technology
4. Increased and expanded local and international markets for our products, and;
5. Improved and strengthened private sector serving as the engine of the national economy while the government sharpens its focus on provision of social services, infrastructure, security and governance of the state.

Similarly, the CCM's major foreign policy focus is economic diplomacy within the international system, and peaceful coexistence with neighbors.

Electoral performance

The CCM has a leading role in society.[5]

The party has won all presidential elections at both the national level and in Zanzibar at the autonomous level under the multi-party system: 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. It also dominates the legislature.

In the elections for Zanzibar's presidency and House of Representatives, held on 30 October 2005, incumbent president and CCM candidate Amani Abeid Karume won with 53.18% of the vote, while the party won 30 seats out of 50.

In the national elections for Tanzania's presidency and National Assembly, held on 14 December 2005, Foreign Minister and CCM candidate Jakaya Kikwete won with 80.28% of the vote. Out of the 232 seats filled through direct election, the CCM won 206.

On 31 October 2010, Jakaya Kikwete was reelected president with 62.8% of the vote, while CCM obtained 186 out of the 239 directly elected seats.

On 30 October 2015 John Magufuli of CCM won the election with 58.46% of the vote.

CCM was admitted into the Socialist International as a full member at the SI's spring congress on 4–5 February 2013.[6]

Leadership

Current leaders

John Magufuli was elected Party Chairman on July 23, 2016 and took over for Jakaya Kikwete, who had been serving since November 2012.

National leaders

• Chairman: John Magufuli
  

  John Pombe Magufuli, the National Chairman and the President of United Republic of Tanzania
• Vice Chairman Zanzibar: Ali Mohamed Shein
• Vice Chairman Mainland: Philip Mangula
• Secretary General: Dr Bashiru Ally
• Deputy Secretary General Zanzibar: Dr Abdalla Juma
• Deputy Secretary General Mainland: Rodrick Mpogolo
• Secretary for Organisation: Perreira Ame Silima
  

  Abdulrahaman Kinana, former Secretary General for the Chama Cha Mapinduzi
• Secretary for Party Ideology and Publicity: Humphrey Polepole
• Secretary for Party Affairs and International Relations: Rtd Colonel Ngemela Lubinga
• Secretary for Economic Affairs and Finance: Dr Frank George Haule Hawassi
  

  The party has a strong political base in rural Tanzania.

CCM Headquarters in the capital, Dodoma.

A mural of the party's candidates in the southern Tanzanian town of Lindi.

National Chairman

Name	Tenure
Julius Nyerere	1977–1985
Ali Hassan Mwinyi	1986–1995
Benjamin Mkapa	1996–2005
Jakaya Kikwete	2006–2016
John Magufuli	2016–

National Vice Chairman (Mainland)

Name	Tenure
John Malecela
Pius Msekwa	2007–2012
Philip Mangula	2012–present

National Vice Chairman (Zanzibar)

Name	Tenure
Salmin Amour
Amani Abeid Karume	? – 2012
Ali Mohamed Shein	2012–present

Secretaries General

Name	Tenure
Pius Msekwa	1977–1982
Rashidi Kawawa	1982–1990
Horace Kolimba	1990–1995
Lawrence Gama	1995–1997
Philip Mangula	1997–2007
Yusuf Makamba	2007–2011
Wilson Mukama	2011–2012
Abdulrahman Kinana	2012–May 2018
Bashiru Ally	2018 - present

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election	Party candidate	Votes	%	Result
1980	Julius Nyerere	5,570,883	95.5%	Elected
1985	Ali Hassan Mwinyi	4,778,114	95.68%	Elected
1990		5,198,120	97.78%	Elected
1995	Benjamin Mkapa	4,026,422	61.82%	Elected
2000		5,863,201	71.74%	Elected
2005	Jakaya Kikwete	9,123,952	80.28%	Elected
2010		5,276,827	62.83%	Elected
2015	John Magufuli	8,882,935	58.46%	Elected
2020		12,516,252	84.40%	Elected

Bunge elections

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Position	Government
1980	5,417,099	100%	264 / 264	41	1st	Sole legal party
1985	4,768,997	100%	274 / 274	10	1st	Sole legal party
1990	5,198,120	97.78%	264 / 264	10	1st	Sole legal party
1995	3,814,206	59.22%	214 / 285	50	1st	Supermajority government
2000	4,628,127	65.19%	243 / 285	29	1st	Supermajority government
2005	7,579,897	70%	264 / 324	21	1st	Supermajority government
2010	4,641,830	60.20%	259 / 350	5	1st	Supermajority government
2015	8,021,427	55.04%	252 / 367	2	1st	Supermajority government

References

1. "Kikwete deplores divisive politics". Daily News (Tanzania). 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 7 February 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
2. O'Gorman, Melanie (26 April 2012). "Why the CCM won't lose: the roots of single-party dominance in Tanzania". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 30 (2): 313–333. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.410.9369. doi:10.1080/02589001.2012.669566. S2CID 17134713.
3. Manson, Katrina (30 September 2013). "Three issues loom over Tanzania's political scene". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
4. Dagne, Ted (31 August 2011). "Tanzania: Background and Current Conditions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
5. O'Gorman, Melanie (2012). "Why the CCM won't lose: The roots of single-party dominance in Tanzania". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 30 (2): 313–333. doi:10.1080/02589001.2012.669566. S2CID 17134713.
6. "Decisions of the Council" (PDF). Socialist International. February 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2014.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Drwp-VYhC5g

External links

• Official blog
• Ally Sykes