2028 Summer Olympics

The 2028 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad, and commonly stylized as LA28, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from July 21 to August 6, 2028, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It will be the first Summer Games to be held in the US since the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, and the first Olympics in the US since the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

"2028 Olympics", "Los Angeles 2028", and "LA28" redirect here. For the Summer Paralympics, see 2028 Summer Paralympics.
Games of the XXXIV Olympiad
One of the logos of the 2028 Summer Olympics
Host cityLos Angeles, California, United States
MottoTogether We Create the Future
OpeningJuly 21
ClosingAugust 6
Stadium
Summer
← Paris 2024 2032 →
Winter
← Milano–Cortina 2026 2030 →
Part of a series on
2028 Summer Olympics

The process of bidding for the host city had originally been scheduled to begin in 2019, with the winning bid due to be announced at the IOC Session in mid 2021. However, following the withdrawal of a number of cities from bidding for both the 2022 Winter Olympics[1] and the 2024 Summer Olympics,[2] the International Olympic Committee (IOC) resolved in July 2017 to jointly award both the 2024 and 2028 Games.[3] Thus on July 31, 2017, an agreement was reached whereby Los Angeles would bid for the 2028 Games with $1.8 billion of additional funding from the IOC,[4] which then cleared the way for Paris to be confirmed as host of the 2024 Games. Both cities were formally announced as winners of their respective games at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on September 13, 2017.[5] The LA bid was praised by the IOC for using a record-breaking number of existing and temporary facilities and for relying entirely on corporate funding.[6][7]

This will be the third time that Los Angeles has hosted the Summer Olympics, making it the first North American city and the third worldwide, after London (1908, 1948, and 2012) and Paris (1900, 1924, and 2024), to host the Games three times. These will be the fifth Summer Olympic Games to be hosted in the United States, the previous four being St. Louis 1904, Los Angeles 1932, Los Angeles 1984, and Atlanta 1996. These will also be the fourth Olympics to be held in the state of California, and the ninth Olympics to be held in the US overall (the four winter events being Lake Placid 1932, Squaw Valley 1960, Lake Placid 1980, and Salt Lake City 2002).

Bidding process
Main article: Bids for the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics

On September 16, 2015, the International Olympic Committee announced the candidature process and the five candidate cities for the 2024 Games: Budapest, Hamburg, Los Angeles, Paris, and Rome.[8] Budapest, Hamburg, and Rome eventually withdrew, leaving only Los Angeles and Paris. A similar situation had already occurred during the bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics when Krakow, Lviv, Oslo and Stockholm withdrew, resulting in a two-way decision between Beijing, China and Almaty, Kazakhstan, with Beijing ultimately declared the winner. On April 3, 2017 at the IOC convention in Denmark, Olympic officials met with bid committees from both Los Angeles and Paris to discuss the possibility of naming two winners in the competition to host the 2024 Summer Games.

After these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne, Switzerland on June 9, 2017 to discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes.[3] The IOC formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 host cities at the same time in 2017, a proposal that was approved by an Extraordinary IOC Session on July 11, 2017 in Lausanne. The IOC set up a process where the Los Angeles and Paris 2024 bid committees, and the IOC, held meetings in July 2017 to decide which city would host in each of the two years.[9]

Following the decision to award the 2024 and 2028 Games simultaneously, Paris was understood to be preferred for the 2024 Games. On July 31, 2017, the IOC announced Los Angeles as the sole candidate for 2028, allowing Paris to be confirmed as the host for 2024. On August 11, 2017, Los Angeles City Council voted unanimously to approve the bid.[10] On September 11, 2017, Los Angeles received formal approval from the IOC's evaluation commission.[11] On September 13, 2017, Los Angeles was formally awarded the 2028 Games following a unanimous vote by the IOC.[12]

On October 16, 2017, Los Angeles 2028 received official support from the state of California.[13] On August 29, 2018, Olympic officials arrived for a two-day visit that included meetings with local organizers and a tour of the city's newest venues.[14] On October 9, 2018, a movement called NOlympics LA released a poll results stating that 45% of respondents from Los Angeles County and 47% from across California oppose bringing the 2028 Summer Games to Los Angeles.[15] However, a LMU and LA Times polls suggest that more than 88% of Angelenos are in favor of the city's hosting the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[16]

Development and preparations

Venue construction and renovations
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
2020 aerial view of SoFi Stadium at Hollywood Park

While most host cities have seven years to prepare for the Olympic Games, Los Angeles will get an additional four, giving the city eleven years. The Los Angeles bid relied on a majority of existing venues; other venues that are already under construction were planned regardless of the Games. Banc of California Stadium, which opened in 2018 as the home of Major League Soccer's Los Angeles FC, will host football (soccer) and several events in athletics. SoFi Stadium, home of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers upon its completion in 2020, will host the main opening ceremony, football, and archery. Around the time when Los Angeles won its bid, the Los Angeles Clippers proposed building a new arena in Inglewood. However, this venue has not yet been approved and has yet to be mentioned as a potential Olympic venue.[17][18]

The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum underwent a major renovation and restoration program from 2017 to 2019.[19] A new press box, loge boxes, and club seats were installed.[20] This reduced stadium capacity from 93,607 to 78,467.[21] As the track and field venue, future renovations include the re-installation of an athletics track.

Infrastructure
Metro E Line train in Downtown Los Angeles
Main article: Twenty-eight by '28

The Twenty-eight by '28 initiative is an effort set forth by Mayor Eric Garcetti that the City of Los Angeles complete 28 transit infrastructure projects before the start of the games.[22] Most of these projects were already in the planning stages but will receive accelerated priority, while several new projects were programmed with the initiative.

As of 2019, the Crenshaw/LAX Line is expected to open and will be fully completed by 2021. It will link the Crenshaw District, Inglewood and Westchester once completed. The Crenshaw/LAX line will also connect to a people mover being constructed to link Los Angeles International Airport with the Aviation/96th Street station. The construction of the people mover will be expedited in anticipation of the 2028 Olympics, with a completion date of 2023 being set.[23] The LAX people mover started construction in early 2018 and the Crenshaw Line is currently 75% completed (as of March 2018).[24] The Inglewood Transit Connector is another people mover planned to provide transportation between the Crenshaw line and the Olympic venues in Inglewood.

While various infrastructure improvements were planned regardless of the outcome of the Los Angeles Olympic bid, the extension of the Metro D Line will be expedited to serve the 2028 Olympics. Three phases were created to extend the line. The first phase will extend the D Line from the Wilshire/Western station to the new Wilshire/La Cienega station. This phase will be completed by 2023. The second phase will extend the D Line to Century City by 2025, while the third and final phase will extend the line to the West Los Angeles VA Medical Center in Westwood with a completion date set for 2026. The third phase will also include a station adjoining the UCLA campus, connecting the Olympic village and Pauley Pavilion with venues in downtown Los Angeles.[25][26] Currently phase one, two and three broke ground and are under construction. Phase 3 did not have a "ground breaking ceremony", but did receive its federal funding grants in February 2020. Construction began in 2019 and remains on schedule. [25] [27][28]

The Regional Connector in downtown Los Angeles will be complete in 2022. The project will connect the Metro E Line, which already links venues in Downtown Santa Monica to venues at Exposition Park and in downtown Los Angeles, to the Metro L Line. This will allow for direct rail service between Santa Monica and East Los Angeles. The Regional Connector will also link the Metro A Line with the Metro L Line, connecting the Long Beach area and San Gabriel Valley via downtown.[29][30]

These infrastructure improvements, among others, are being funded by "Measure R", a temporary half-cent sales tax increase, and "Measure M", a continuation of Measure R's tax increase plus an additional permanent half-cent sales tax increase, both tax measures applicable to Los Angeles County.[31] Measure R was approved by voters in November 2008 and Measure M was approved by voters in November 2016.[31]

Budget

In April 2019, the estimated cost of the Games was assessed as being approximately $6.88 billion with all the money coming from the private sector, although the Los Angeles city council and state of California legislators have agreed to serve as a “financial backstop.” The organizers adjusted the budget for inflation after L.A., which originally bid for the 2024 Games, agreed to wait four more years.[32][33]

The City of Los Angeles is the lead public guarantor, committing to spend up to $250 million to cover shortfalls. In 2016, the California legislature took action so that the Governor is empowered to negotiate the next $250 million in public backup, but only after the city backup money has been used first. LA 2024 also agreed to purchase a wide-range of insurance policies including natural disaster, terrorism, event cancellation, as well as reduced ticket sales.[33]

The Federal government will designate the Olympics a National Special Security Event (NSSE) in which the U.S. Secret Service heads a single chain of command.[33] The U.S. federal government will also cover the cost of security, with an agreement signed by the LA organizing committee and Department of Homeland Security in February 2020. The federal government will not be involved in the funding of the Games themselves, covering only security costs.[34]

Venues

Under present IOC policy, venues with corporate naming rights will not be allowed to use their sponsored name during the Olympics.[35]

Downtown Los Angeles Sports Park
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Olympic Cauldron
Night view of Staples Center
Banc of California Stadium

The Downtown Los Angeles sports park will incorporate various venues around downtown Los Angeles. Multiple venues will be located at LA Live, Exposition Park and the campus of the University of Southern California.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Figueroa Street[36] Live site: "Olympic Way" – Street art, vendors and entertainment connecting USC and L.A. Live in Downtown Los Angeles N/A Existing
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Athletics (except some field events) 78,467
Opening/Closing ceremonies
Banc of California Stadium Football (preliminaries, quarterfinals, women's 3rd place) 22,000
Athletics (discus, javelin and hammer first rounds) 20,000
Dedeaux Field (USC) Swimming, Diving, Synchronized swimming 20,000 Temporary structure on existing site
Galen Center (USC) Badminton 10,300 Existing
Karate
Los Angeles Convention Center Basketball (women's preliminaries) 8,000
Boxing 8,000
Fencing 7,000
Taekwondo
Table tennis 5,000
BMX freestyle 8,000
Staples Center Basketball (men's preliminaries, finals) 18,000
Microsoft Theater Weightlifting 7,000
USC Village Media Village N/A
Grand Park Marathon 5,000
Race walk
Road cycling

Valley Sports Park
Location of the facilities in the Los Angeles area

The Valley Sports Park will be centered around the Sepulveda Dam in the San Fernando Valley.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Sepulveda Basin Park Canoe slalom 8,000 Planned construction
Equestrian 15,000 Temporary
Shooting 3,000

South Bay Sports Park
Dignity Health Sports Park Center

The South Bay Sports Park will be located on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills in Carson, California.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Dignity Health Sports Park - Main Stadium Rugby 30,000 Existing
Modern pentathlon
(excluding fencing)		 30,000
Dignity Health Sports Park - Tennis Stadium Tennis 10,000 (Center Court)
Dignity Health Sports Park - Track and Field Facility Field hockey 15,000 (primary field)
5,000 (secondary field)
VELO Sports Center Track cycling 6,000
Modern pentathlon (fencing) 6,000

Long Beach Sports Park
Long Beach

The Long Beach Sports Park will be located in and around Downtown Long Beach in Long Beach, California.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Long Beach Waterfront BMX racing 6,000 Temporary
Water polo 8,000
Triathlon 2,000 Existing
Open water swimming 2,000
Long Beach Arena Handball 12,000
Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier Sailing 6,000

Westside

Various venues in the Westside of Los Angeles, CA.

Riviera Country Club
The Forum
Venue Events Capacity Status
Santa Monica State Beach and Venice Beach Beach volleyball 12,000 Temporary
Skateboarding 10,000 Existing
Surfing 8,000
3x3 basketball
–
Riviera Country Club Golf 30,000
UCLA Olympic Village and
Olympic Village Training Center		 N/A
Pauley Pavilion (UCLA) Wrestling 12,500
Judo 12,500
SoFi Stadium Opening/Closing ceremonies 70,000 – 100,000 Existing
Football (men's quarterfinals, women's semifinals, men's final) 70,000 – 100,000
Archery 8,000
(stadium lake)
The Forum Gymnastics 17,000 Existing

Southern California venues
UCLA student housing site of the Olympic Village
Venue Location Events Capacity Status
Rose Bowl Pasadena Football (women's quarterfinals, men's semifinals, women's final, men's 3rd place) 92,000 Existing
Lake Perris Riverside County Canoe sprint 12,000
Rowing 12,000
Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park San Dimas Mountain biking 3,000 Temporary
Dodger Stadium Los Angeles Baseball/Softball 56,000 Existing
Angel Stadium Anaheim 45,000
Honda Center Volleyball 18,000
Anaheim Convention Center
(The Arena at Anaheim)		 6,000
KNBC Universal Studios Lot Universal City IBC/MPC[37]
–

Potential football venues
Rose Bowl

According to the initial bid book for the Los Angeles 2024 Olympics, football venues are to be situated within Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and other main cities of California. It is the responsibility of the organizing committee to choose from four to six venues to host the tournament. According to the official website of the local organizing committee, eight venues are under consideration, all within California.[38]

Potential venues in Los Angeles County
Potential venues in the San Francisco Bay area
Potential venues in San Diego County


The Games

Sports
  • Aquatics
    • Diving (8)
    • Swimming (37)
    • Synchronized swimming (2)
    • Water polo (2)
  • Archery (5)
  • Athletics (48)
  • Badminton (5)
  • Basketball
    • Basketball (2)
    • 3x3 basketball (2)
  • Boxing (13)
  • Canoeing
    • Slalom (6)
    • Sprint (10)
  • Cycling
    • BMX freestyle (2)
    • BMX racing (2)
    • Mountain biking (2)
    • Road (4)
    • Track (12)
  • Equestrian
    • Dressage (2)
    • Eventing (2)
    • Jumping (2)
  • Fencing (12)
  • Field hockey (2)
  • Football (2)
  • Golf (2)
  • Gymnastics
    • Artistic (14)
    • Rhythmic (2)
    • Trampoline (2)
  • Handball (2)
  • Judo (15)
  • Modern pentathlon (2)
  • Rowing (14)
  • Rugby sevens (2)
  • Sailing (10)
  • Shooting (15)
  • Table tennis (5)
  • Taekwondo (8)
  • Tennis (5)
  • Triathlon (3)
  • Volleyball
    • Volleyball (indoor) (2)
    • Beach volleyball (2)
  • Weightlifting (10)
  • Wrestling
    • Freestyle (12)
    • Greco-Roman (6)

New sports

In October 2020, USA Cricket disclosed in its "foundational plan" it planned to back a proposed inclusion of cricket as an event for the 2028 Olympics.[39][40] This came after the Marylebone Cricket Club, custodian of the Laws of Cricket, and the International Cricket Council backed the move for cricket to be included at the Olympics in 2019 following its inclusion in the 2022 Commonwealth Games.[41]

Ceremonies

In January 2017, it was reported by the local media that the Organizing Committee was proposing the unprecedented opening and closing ceremonies to be held in two locations and simultaneously, they would be the historic Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the modern SoFi Stadium in Inglewood, the proposal involves performing some starting segments of the opening ceremony at the Coliseum, including the last overnight of the Olympic torch, before the starting of the last leg of the relay, some minutes before the start of the ceremonies. At the same time, other entertainment would be provided to spectators at the Coliseum, including a simulcast of the main portion (protocol) of the ceremony, which will happen at the same time at the Inglewood stadium. Finally, the historic Olympic cauldron at the Coliseum would symbolically will be rekindled at the same time as the new cauldron is lit. Sixteen days later, the venues for the closing ceremony would be organized in reverse, with the starting segments held in Inglewood and the Olympic Charter protocol to be at the Coliseum. This proposal is being analyzed by the International Olympic Committee, since the current version of the Olympic Charter does not authorize simultaneous ceremonies in two places.[42]

Marketing

Emblem

On September 1, 2020, the LA organizing committee unveiled the emblem for the 2028 Summer Olympics, featuring the characters "LA" and "28" in a stacked layout. The "A" in "LA" is designed to be interchangeable, with a multitude of variations created in collaboration with different athletes, artists, designers, and celebrities (such as musician Billie Eilish, Indian-Canadian comedian Lilly Singh, and actress Reese Witherspoon). Organizing committee chairman Casey Wasserman explained that the multitude of variations was intended to "showcase our community's collective creativity and celebrate the diversity that makes us strong", as the city "defies a singular identity". Chief marketing officer Amy Gleeson stated that the emblem was designed to "foster a deeper connection with the audience who will be in their 20s and 30s when the games happen."[43][44][45][46]

Broadcasting rights

In the United States, the 2028 Games will be broadcast by NBCUniversal properties, as part of long-term agreements with the IOC through 2032.[47] The Universal Studios Lot is planned to be the site of the International Broadcast Centre for the Games.[37] In addition, NBCUniversal and the organizing committee will coordinate sponsorship sales for the Games.[48]

Concerns and controversies

Boycott of the games

As of 2021, a variety of concerns over the games being held in the US has already been expressed by various entities. Dating back to 2017, Forbes published an article in which it is speculated that the "global political climate" in the aftermath of the US government running large-scale bombing campaigns for the past decades and using Islamophobic language may lead to a boycott of the games by parts of the Middle East and Africa.[52] Shortly before the killing of George Floyd, some activists had already proposed a boycott of the games to protest racially motivated police brutality in the US.[53] Additionally, British politician David Owen speculated that due to the US starting a trade war against China in 2018, any attempt by the US to boycott the 2022 Winter Games in Beijing may lead to a boycott of the 2028 Summer Games in Los Angeles by China.[54] Similar views were shared by Dave Zirin and Jules Boykoff, who said that the same scrutiny of China hosting Olympic Games should be applied to the US.[55]

See also

References
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Candidature files
Preceded by
Paris		 XXXIV Olympiad
Los Angeles
2028		 Succeeded by
TBD
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