2022 Winter Olympics

The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (Chinese: 第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì Èrshísì Jiè Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì), and commonly known as Beijing 2022, is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei province, China.[1]

"Beijing 2022" redirects here. For the Winter Paralympics, see 2022 Winter Paralympics.

XXIV Olympic Winter Games
Host cityBeijing, China
Motto
  • Joyful Rendezvous Upon Pure Ice and Snow
  • (Chinese: 纯洁的冰雪 激情的约会)
Events109 in 7 sports (15 disciplines)
Opening4 February
Closing20 February
StadiumBeijing National Stadium
Winter
← PyeongChang 2018 Milano–Cortina 2026 →
Summer
← Tokyo 2020 Paris 2024 →
Part of a series on
2022 Winter Olympics

Beijing was elected as the host city in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These Games will be the first Winter Olympics to be held in China, the fourth in East Asia, and the last of three consecutive Olympics to take place in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and the 2020 Summer Olympics (which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic)[2] in Tokyo, Japan. Beijing will be the eleventh city to host the Olympic Games twice, but the first to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Games, having previously hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics.

The city project includes the use of four existing indoor venues that were built for the 2008 Summer Olympics, and the Beijing National Stadium (commonly known as the "Bird's Nest") will be used again as the ceremonies venue. There have been a number of concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Calls have been made to boycott the 2022 Winter Olympics due to the 2019 leak of the Xinjiang papers, the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, China's hostage diplomacy and the Uyghur genocide.

Bidding
Main article: Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics

The bidding calendar was announced by the IOC in October 2012, with the application deadline set for 14 November 2013. The IOC Executive Board reviewed the bids from all applicant cities on 7 July 2014, and selected three cities, Oslo (Norway), Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Beijing (China) as the final candidates.

Several cities withdrew their applications during the bidding process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support for hosting the Games.[3] Oslo, which had been considered the clear frontrunner, withdrew after its application to the Norwegian parliament for funding of the Olympics was rejected. Public reception to the application for funding had been highly negative due to cost concerns after the cost overruns of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, and especially revelations about a series of hospitality-related demands that had been reportedly made by the IOC. The demands notably included "diva-like demands for luxury treatment" for the IOC members themselves, such as special lanes on all roads only to be used by IOC members and a cocktail reception at the Royal Palace with drinks paid for by the royal family. Several commentators pointed out that such demands were unheard of in a western democracy; Slate described the IOC as a "notoriously ridiculous organization run by grifters and hereditary aristocrats."[4][5][6][7]

Beijing was selected as host city of the 2022 Winter Olympics after beating Almaty by four votes on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2022 Winter Olympics bidding results
City Nation Votes
Beijing China 44
Almaty Kazakhstan 40

Venues
Location of the three Beijing 2022 clusters
Beijing National Stadium
National Aquatics Center
National Speed Skating Oval

Olympic Green

Five ice events will be held at the Olympic Green, the Capital Indoor Stadium and the Beijing Wukesong Sports Center, which were some of the main venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village – new

Since the start of 2009, the Beijing Olympic Village on the Olympic Green, has been occupied by fixed residents. Therefore, there was a need to build a second village on a smaller scale to the Winter Olympics. These new buildings were located in the southern area of Olympic Green on the area of the National Olympic Sports Center.[8]

Other venues

The Big Air snowboarding and freestyle skiing events will be held in a new area of urban development in Shijingshan District, a district in urban area of Beijing.[9]

Yanqing cluster

Yanqing District is a suburban district of Beijing. Competitions for luge, bobsleigh and alpine skiing will be held in Xiaohaituo Mountain area in the village Greater Zhuangke of the West[12] of Zhangshanying in Yanqing District, northwest of urban area of Beijing, 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from the city center of Beijing and 17.5 kilometres (10.9 miles) away from the town of Yanqing, using artificial snow because of the rarity of natural snow in this region.[13][14]

Zhangjiakou cluster

All other skiing events will be held in Taizicheng Area in Chongli District, Zhangjiakou city, Hebei province. It is 220 km (140 mi) from downtown Beijing and 130 km (81 mi) away from Xiaohaituo Mountain Area.[15] The ski resort earned over 1.54 billion yuan (US$237.77 million) in tourism during the 2015–16 snow season for a 31.6% growth over the previous season. In 2016, it was announced that Chongli received 2.185 million tourists, an increase of 30% from the previous season, during the first snow season after winning the Olympic bid. The snow season lasted for five months from November, during which Chongli has hosted thirty-six competitions and activities, such as Far East Cup and Children Skiing International Festival. A total of twenty-three skiing camps have also been set up, attracting the participation of 3,800 youths. All venue construction started in November 2016 and will be finished by the end of 2020 to enable the city to hold test events.[16]

Transport

The new Beijing-Zhangjiakou intercity railway opened in late 2019, starting from Beijing North railway station and ending at Zhangjiakou railway station. It is built for speeds of up to 350 km/h (220 mph); travel time from Beijing to Zhangjiakou has decreased to around 50 minutes.

The Beijing Subway is expected to continue expanding and is projected to reach 1,000 km (620 mi) in length by 2022.[17]

A new airport for Beijing and the surrounding region, Beijing Daxing International Airport, opened in 2019. The airport replaced the Beijing Nanyuan Airport and is operated together with the Beijing Capital International Airport.[18]

Budget

The estimated budget for the games is US$3.9 billion, less than one-tenth of the $43 billion spent on the 2008 Summer Olympics.[19]

Sports

The 2022 Winter Olympics are scheduled to include a record 109 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports.

  1. Biathlon
  2. Bobsledding
  3. Curling
  4. Ice hockey
  5. Luge
  6. Skating
  7. Skiing

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.

New events

In October 2016, the International Ski Federation (FIS) announced plans to begin sanctioning women's competitions in Nordic combined, with the objective of contesting the discipline at the Olympic level for the first time in Beijing.[20] In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a ski jumping mixed team competition and men's and women's big air in freestyle skiing.[21]

At their May 2018 Congress at the Costa Navarino resort in Messenia, Greece, FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make telemark skiing an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the aerials mixed team event and several new snowboarding events: the men and women's snowboard cross team event; a mixed team alpine parallel event; the men's and women's parallel special slalom; and a mixed team parallel special slalom event.[22] The individual parallel special slalom events were featured at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, but were dropped from the Olympic program in 2018 to make way for the snowboarding big air competitions.

The International Luge Federation (FIL) has proposed the addition of six new events, including natural track luge (men's and women's singles), a women's doubles competition on the artificial track, and sprint events (men, women, and doubles) on the artificial track.[23][24]

The International Skating Union (ISU) continues to campaign for the addition of synchronized skating as a new event within the discipline of figure skating.[25] The ISU is also proposing a new mixed team event in short track speed skating.[23]

In biathlon, a single mixed relay has been proposed by the International Biathlon Union (IBU) to complement the four-person mixed relay that featured at the 2018 Winter Olympics.[23] Also, the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) has proposed a new team event, but there is no plan to introduce a four-women bobsleigh event despite the recommendation from the federation's executive board to propose such an event in the interests of gender equality.[23]

In July 2018, the IOC announced the addition of seven new events: women's monobob; freestyle skiing big air (men and women); mixed team events for freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross; and the mixed relay in short track speed skating. This means a total of 109 events will be held.

Participating National Olympic Committees

In May 2019, the IIHF announced nine nations that had secured Olympic qualification in the men's tournament.[26] As the host nation, China qualified teams automatically, thus making a total of ten teams per event in the curling tournaments.[27]

On 30 May 2019, the first eight countries classified for the men's ice hockey tournament were announced. These countries were the first to confirm that they will send a delegation to Beijing.[28][29][30] On 24 April 2020, the IIHF confirmed the first six countries that qualified for the women's tournament.[31]

On 9 December 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data that it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA plans to allow individually cleared Russian athletes to take part in the 2020 Summer Olympics under a neutral banner, as instigated at the 2018 Winter Olympics, but they will not be permitted to compete in team sports. The title of the neutral banner has yet to be determined; WADA Compliance Review Committee head Jonathan Taylor stated that the IOC would not be able to use "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) as it did in 2018, emphasizing that neutral athletes cannot be portrayed as representing a specific country.[32][33][34] Russia later filed an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) against the WADA decision.[35]

The Court of Arbitration for Sport, on review of Russia's appeal of its case from WADA, ruled on December 17, 2020 to reduce the penalty that WADA had placed. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate at the Olympics and other international events, but for a period of two years, the team cannot use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team". The ruling does allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation.[36]

Participating National Olympic Committees

Calendar
OCOpening ceremony ●Event competitions 1Event finals EGExhibition gala CCClosing ceremony
February 2nd
Wed		 3rd
Thu		 4th
Fri		 5th
Sat		 6th
Sun		 7th
Mon		 8th
Tue		 9th
Wed		 10th
Thu		 11th
Fri		 12th
Sat		 13th
Sun		 14th
Mon		 15th
Tue		 16th
Wed		 17th
Thu		 18th
Fri		 19th
Sat		 20th
Sun		 Events
CeremoniesOCCCN/A
Alpine skiing 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11
Biathlon 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 11
Bobsleigh ● 1 1 ● 1 1 4
Cross-country skiing 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12
Curling ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 3
Figure skating ● ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 EG 5
Freestyle skiing ● 1 1 ● 1 1 1 ● 2 1 1 1 2 1 13
Ice hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2
Luge ● 1 ● 1 1 1 4
Nordic combined 1 1 1 3
Short track speed skating 1 2 1 1 2 2 9
Skeleton ● 1 1 2
Ski jumping 1 1 1 ● 1 1 5
Snowboarding ● 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 ● 2 11
Speed skating 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 14
Daily medal events00067810686766976494109
Cumulative total000613213137455158647079869296105109
February 2nd
Wed		 3rd
Thu		 4th
Fri		 5th
Sat		 6th
Sun		 7th
Mon		 8th
Tue		 9th
Wed		 10th
Thu		 11th
Fri		 12th
Sat		 13th
Sun		 14th
Mon		 15th
Tue		 16th
Wed		 17th
Thu		 18th
Fri		 19th
Sat		 20th
Sun		 Total events

Marketing
Main article: 2022 Winter Olympics marketing

Broadcasting

In some countries, broadcast rights to the 2022 Winter Olympics are already agreed through existing long-term deals. In France and the United Kingdom, these are the first Games where Eurosport will be the main rightsholder; the BBC will sub-license a limited amount of coverage on free-to-air television, as part of a deal in which the BBC sold the pay-TV rights to the 2018 and 2020 Games to Eurosport.[37][38]

In China, domestic rights to these Games are owned by China Central Television (CCTV), with rights being sublicensed by China Mobile's Migu streaming service.

In the United States, these Games will once again be broadcast by NBCUniversal properties, as part of its US$7.75 billion contract[39] to air the Olympics through 2032.[40] The 2022 edition of the Super Bowl—championship game of the National Football League (NFL) and historically the most-watched television broadcast in the United States annually—is tentatively scheduled during an ongoing Olympics for the first time in its history. On 13 March 2019, it was announced that NBC had traded 2021's Super Bowl LV to CBS (which, alongside Fox and NBC, alternate airing the Super Bowl on a three-year rotation) in favour of the 2022 games. Holding rights to both events will prevent them from competing for viewership and advertising sales, and also allow NBC to create synergies and advertising packages for them (as it did during Super Bowl LII, which was played prior to the 2018 Winter Olympics and also televised by NBC).[41][42]

Concerns and controversies
Main article: Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics

Critics questioned the Beijing bid, citing that the proposed outdoor venue sites do not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences.[71][72]

The environmental impact of hosting the games near Beijing has been questioned. Some of the proposed venues will be adjacent to the Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve and part of the same mountain system, and the environmental impact on the nature reserve of construction, and artificially covering parts of the mountain with snow, is uncertain.[73][74] The Chinese government has responded to these concerns by expanding the nature reserve by 31% of its original size.[75]

Shortly after the announcement of the 2022 host city, some musical critics alleged that the official song used during the bid was "suspiciously" similar to "Let It Go" from the Disney film Frozen.[76][77]

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in qualifying for curling and women's ice hockey due to the cancellation of tournaments in 2020. The World Curling Federation proposed that qualification for curling be based on placement in the 2021 world championships and a dedicated qualification tournament to complete the field (in place of points earned across the 2020 and 2021 world championships). The IIHF based its qualification for the women's tournament upon existing IIHF World Rankings, without holding the 2020 Women's World Championship.[78][79]

Boycott of the games

In the aftermath of the 2019 leak of the Xinjiang papers, the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, China's hostage diplomacy and the Uyghur genocide, calls were made for a boycott of the 2022 Games.[80][81][82][83][84] In a July 30, 2020 letter, the World Uyghur Congress urged the IOC to reconsider holding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing because of the Uyghur genocide.[85][86]

In September 2020, United States Senator Rick Scott spoke with IOC Vice President Anita DeFrantz about reconsidering the IOC's decision to host the 2022 Winter Olympics in China. Scott expressed disappointment that the IOC refused to commit to move the games out of China.[87] In October 2020, British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab suggested the United Kingdom may boycott the 2022 Winter Olympics.[88]

China's use of trade sanctions and economic coercion[89][90] against Australia has led to increased calls within Australia to boycott the 2022 Winter Olympics.[91] In November 2020, Australian Senators Jacqui Lambie and Rex Patrick officially proposed a boycott. Their proposal was later voted down.[91]

Some human rights organizations have called for a diplomatic boycott that would mean countries not sending their heads of state or high-ranking officials to the Olympics but still sending athletes.[92]

See also

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Preceded by
Pyeongchang		 Winter Olympics
Beijing
XXIV Olympic Winter Games (2022)		 Succeeded by
Milan–Cortina d'Ampezzo
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