Aciculopoda

Aciculopoda is an extinct prawn which existed in what is now Oklahoma approximately 360 million years ago. It was described in 2010 on the basis of a single fossil from Oklahoma. The single species, Aciculopoda mapesi, was named by Rodney Feldmann and Carrie Schweitzer in honour of Royal Mapes, a paleontologist who discovered the type specimen.[1][2] It is only the third unambiguous fossil decapod from before the Mesozoic.[1]

Aciculopoda mapesi
Temporal range: Famennian
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Decapoda
Suborder:
Dendrobranchiata
Superfamily:
Penaeoidea
Family:
†Aciculopodidae

Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2010
Genus:
†Aciculopoda

Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2010
Species:
†A. mapesi
Binomial name
Aciculopoda mapesi
Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2010

Discovery

The fossil was discovered in the Woodford Shale, exposed at the Ryan Quarry, in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma. The Woodford Shale is a dark-colored siliceous shale which outcrops to the north-east and the south-west of the Arbuckle Mountains in Oklahoma. It contains "radiolarians, conodonts, sponge spicules, ammonoid and nautiloid cephalopods, inarticulate brachiopods [...] and small phyllocarid arthropods",[1] and spans the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary. The strata which produced Aciculopoda are thought on the basis of conodont biostratigraphy to be from the Famennian.[1]

Description

The holotype of Aciculopoda mapesi is housed at the United States National Museum as lot USNM 540766.[1] The animal is 68.8 mm (2.71 in) long, of which the anterior 31 mm (1.2 in) is the cephalothorax. The pleon (abdomen) is around 62 mm (2.4 in) long, along its curved dorsal margin, and about 9 mm (0.35 in) deep at its base. The cuticle is missing from the pleon, exposing the well-preserved muscles beneath.[1]

Etymology

The genus name Aciculopoda is said to be derived from the Latin acicula ("needle") and "poda" ("foot"), referring to the sharp spines on the pereiopods.[1] Pes is however used for "foot" in classical and botanical Latin,.[3][4] while in ancient Greek, pous (πούς) is used.[5] The specific epithet commemorates Royal Mapes, who discovered the specimen and has published widely on fossil crustaceans.[1]

Interpretation

The only unambiguous decapod fossil older than Aciculopoda is Palaeopalaemon newberryi, found in Devonian sediments in Ohio. (The assignment of Imocaris to the Decapoda is the subject of some debate.) The fact that both Aciculopoda and Palaeopalaemon were discovered in the United States led Feldmann & Schweitzer to suggest that their common ancestor, the most recent common ancestor of the Decapoda may also have originated in the ancient continent Laurentia.[1]

References
  1. Rodney Feldmann & Carrie Schweitzer (2010). "The oldest shrimp (Devonian: Famennian) and remarkable preservation of soft tissue". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 30 (4): 629–635. doi:10.1651/09-3268.1.
  2. "Oldest fossilized shrimp: geologists study rare well-preserved creature showing muscles". Science Daily. November 10, 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2010.
  3. Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  4. Stearn, W.T. (1983). Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary. (3rd edition). Newton Abbot London: David Charles.
  5. Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie.Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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