Acis fabrei

Acis fabrei is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to France.[1] It has white flowers that appear in late spring after the leaves. Although first collected in 1882, it was not scientifically described until 1990. It is now known from only four populations in the Vaucluse department in south-east France, around Mont Ventoux and the River Nesque. It is considered to be a "threatened species".

Acis fabrei
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Acis
Species:
A. fabrei
Binomial name
Acis fabrei
(Quézel & Girerd) Lledó, A.P.Davis & M.B.Crespo[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Leucojum fabrei Quézel & Girerd

Description

Acis fabrei is a small bulbous perennial plant. Each bulb produces one to four narrow leaves, 2 to 5 mm wide and up to 30 cm long, averaging around 17 cm. The leaves appear before the flowers. Flowering takes place in late spring with the flowers held considerably below the top of leaves. There is usually a single flower to each stem (peduncle), with six white tepals, 10–11 mm long, carried on a stalk (pedicel) 5–11 mm long. The flower bud is enclosed in a spathe that is divided into two segments. The style is slightly longer than the six stamens. The smooth black seeds are 2–3 mm long. The whole plant dies down in early summer.[2]

Taxonomy

Acis fabrei was first collected in 1882 on the southern slopes of Mont Ventoux. Specimens were sent to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris by the entomologist Jean-Henri Fabre. It was only re-discovered in the 1970s and 1980s.[2] In 1990, it was first described as a new species, as Leucojum fabrei.[1] In 2004, it was transferred to Acis, along with other species of Leucojum, on the basis of a molecular phylogenetic study.[3] It resembles Acis nicaeensis, which has an overlapping distribution, but can be distinguished by several characters, including wider leaves, longer pedicels, and a larger distance between the stigma and the anthers.[2]

Distribution and habitat

As of 2007, Acis fabrei was only known from four populations in the Vaucluse department in south-east France, around Mont Ventoux and the River Nesque. All the populations are within 20 km of one another. Plants are found in eroded soils poor in organic matter, such as terra rossa, in rocky glades, grassy areas and under Quercus pubescens.[2]

Conservation

As of March 2007, Acis fabrei was not listed in the IUCN Red List,[4] although listed as a "threatened species" in the French National Inventory of Natural Heritage.[5] The species occurs in a generally protected region of France; two populations are in an area with a management plan that includes Acis fabrei. One threat is the natural and deliberate expansion of forests, which produces closed canopies and, where the trees are pines or cedars, more acid soils through the build-up of leaf litter. Wild boars are another threat as they can destroy many individual plants.[2]

References
  1. "Acis fabrei", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2017-11-30
  2. Diadema, Katia; Médail, Frédéric; Castagné, Hervé; Affre, Laurence; Roux, Jean-Pierre & Bretagnolle, François (2007), "Écologie, distribution et morphologie comparées des nivéoles de Nice (Acis nicaeensis) et de Fabre (Acis fabrei), Alliaceae endémiques des Alpes maritimes et et de la Nesque (Vaucluse)", Acta Botanica Gallica (in French), 154 (4): 619–634, doi:10.1080/12538078.2007.10516083, S2CID 83936973
  3. Lledó, Ma D.; Davis, A.P.; Crespo, M.B.; Chase, M.W. & Fay, M.F. (2004), "Phylogenetic analysis of Leucojum and Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) based on plastid matK and nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS) DNA sequences and morphology", Plant Systematics and Evolution, 246 (3–4): 223–243, doi:10.1007/s00606-004-0152-0, S2CID 43826738, retrieved 2017-12-04
  4. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Version 2017-3, retrieved 2017-12-08
  5. "Acis fabrei", National Inventory of Natural Heritage, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, retrieved 2017-12-08
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