Agabus (beetle)

Agabus is a large genus of predatory aquatic beetles in the family Dytiscidae, proposed in 1817 by William Elford Leach[1] and named after Agabus, an early follower of Christianity. The adult beetles are moderate-sized, 5 to 14 mm long. The genus is primarily Holarctic in distribution, with only a few species known from the Afrotropical and Neotropical realms.[2][3] Three species of Agabus, namely A. clypealis,[4] A. discicollis[5] and A. hozgargantae[6] are endangered according to the IUCN Red List. The division into subgenera is not widely accepted. However, a number of species groups are recognized after the works of David J. Larson and Anders N. Nilsson.[3] The genus is probably polyphyletic or paraphyletic.[2] In a recent study of mitochondrial DNA, Agabus was found paraphyletic with respect to several of the species groups of Platambus, a closely related genus in the tribe Agabini.[7] Lately the taxonomy of the genus has been revised, and some groups of species were transferred from Agabus sensu stricto to other genera in the tribe Agabini.[8]

Agabus
A. uliginosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Dytiscidae
Tribe: Agabini
Genus: Agabus
Leach, 1817

Agabus contains the following species:[9]

  • Agabus abessinicus (Zimmermann, 1928)
  • Agabus adpressus Aubé, 1837
  • Agabus adustus Guignot, 1954
  • Agabus aequabilis (Gschwendtner, 1923)
  • Agabus aequalis Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus aeruginosus Aubé, 1838
  • Agabus affinis (Paykull, 1798)
  • Agabus africanus Pederzani & Schizzerotto, 1998
  • Agabus ajax Fall, 1922
  • Agabus alexandrae Ribera, Hernando & Aguilera, 2001
  • Agabus alinae (Lafer, 1988)
  • Agabus ambiguus (Say, 1823)
  • Agabus ambulator Régimbart, 1895
  • Agabus amnicola (J.Sahlberg, 1880)
  • Agabus amoenus Solsky, 1874
  • Agabus ancillus Fall, 1922
  • Agabus angusi Nilsson, 1994
  • Agabus antennatus Leech, 1939
  • Agabus anthracinus Mannerheim, 1852
  • Agabus approximatus Fall, 1922
  • Agabus arcticus (Paykull, 1798)
  • Agabus aubei Perris, 1869
  • Agabus audeni Wallis, 1933
  • Agabus austinii Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus bakeri (Zimmermann, 1924)
  • Agabus basalis (Gebler, 1829)
  • Agabus bergi Zaitzev, 1913
  • Agabus bicolor (Kirby, 1837)
  • Agabus bifarius (Kirby, 1837)
  • Agabus biguttatus (Olivier, 1795)
  • Agabus biguttulus (Thomson, 1867)
  • Agabus binotatus Aubé, 1837
  • Agabus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Agabus blatta Jakovlev, 1897
  • Agabus brandti Harold, 1880
  • Agabus browni Kamiya, 1934
  • Agabus brunneus (Fabricius, 1798)
  • Agabus canadensis Fall, 1922
  • Agabus caraboides Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus cephalotes Reiche, 1861
  • Agabus charon Wickham, 1912
  • Agabus clavicornis Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus clypealis (Thomson, 1867)
  • Agabus colymbus Leech, 1938
  • Agabus confinis (Gyllenhal, 1808)
  • Agabus congener (Thunberg, 1794)
  • Agabus congeneroides Lomnicki, 1894
  • Agabus conspersus (Marsham, 1802)
  • Agabus conspicuus Sharp, 1873
  • Agabus corticeus Lomnicki, 1894
  • Agabus costulatus (Motschulsky, 1859)
  • Agabus coxalis Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus crassipes (Fall, 1922)
  • Agabus crypticoides Régimbart, 1895
  • Agabus debilipes Régimbart, 1899
  • Agabus dichrous Sharp, 1878
  • Agabus didymus (Olivier, 1795)
  • Agabus dilatatus (Brullé, 1832)
  • Agabus discolor (Harris, 1828)
  • Agabus disintegratus (Crotch, 1873)
  • Agabus dytiscoides Régimbart, 1908
  • Agabus elongatus (Gyllenhal, 1826)
  • Agabus erytropterus (Say, 1823)
  • Agabus faldermanni Zaitzev, 1927
  • Agabus falli (Zimmermann, 1934)
  • Agabus freudei Guéorguiev, 1975
  • Agabus friedrichi (Falkenström, 1936)
  • Agabus fulvaster Zaitzev, 1906
  • Agabus fulvipennis Régimbart, 1899
  • Agabus fuscipennis (Paykull, 1798)
  • Agabus galamensis Nilsson, 1992
  • Agabus glacialis Hochhuth, 1846
  • Agabus glazunovi (Zaitzev, 1953)
  • Agabus godmanni Crotch, 1867
  • Agabus granulatus (Falkenström, 1936)
  • Agabus gringo Larson, 2000
  • Agabus griseipennis LeConte, 1859
  • Agabus guttatus (Paykull, 1798)
  • Agabus heydeni Wehncke, 1872
  • Agabus hoppingi Leech, 1942
  • Agabus hummeli (Falkenström, 1936)
  • Agabus immaturus Larson, 1991
  • Agabus inexspectatus Nilsson, 1990
  • Agabus infuscatus Aubé, 1838
  • Agabus inscriptus (Crotch, 1873)
  • Agabus jacobsoni Zaitzev, 1905
  • Agabus japonicus Sharp, 1873
  • Agabus kaszabi Guéorguiev, 1972
  • Agabus kholini Nilsson, 1994
  • Agabus klamathensis Larson & Leech, 1989
  • Agabus kokoosson Feng, 1936
  • Agabus kootenai Larson, 1991
  • Agabus labiatus (Brahm, 1790)
  • Agabus laferi Nilsson, 1994
  • Agabus lagabrunensis Schizzerotto & Fery, 1989
  • Agabus lapponicus (Thomson, 1867)
  • Agabus leptapsis (LeConte, 1878)
  • Agabus lineatus Gebler, 1848
  • Agabus lithax Riha, 1961
  • Agabus lobonyx Guignot, 1952
  • Agabus loeffleri Wewalka & Nilsson, 1990
  • Agabus longissimus Régimbart, 1899
  • Agabus luteaster Zaitzev, 1906
  • Agabus lutosus LeConte, 1853
  • Agabus mackenziensis Larson, 1991
  • Agabus maderensis Wollaston, 1854
  • Agabus mandsuricus (Guignot, 1956)
  • Agabus margaretae Larson, 1975
  • Agabus matsumotoi Satô & Nilsson, 1990
  • Agabus melanarius Aubé, 1837
  • Agabus moestus (Curtis, 1835)
  • Agabus morosus LeConte, 1852
  • Agabus mucronatus (Falkenström, 1936)
  • Agabus nebulosus (Forster, 1771)
  • Agabus nevadensis Hå.Lindberg, 1939
  • Agabus niedzwiedzkii Lomnicki, 1894
  • Agabus obliteratus LeConte, 1859
  • Agabus oblongulus Fall, 1922
  • Agabus obsoletus LeConte, 1858
  • Agabus ommani Zaitzev, 1908
  • Agabus pallens Poppius, 1905
  • Agabus pallidus Omer-Cooper, 1931
  • Agabus paludosus (Fabricius, 1801)
  • Agabus parvulus Lomnicki, 1894
  • Agabus perditus Scudder, 1900
  • Agabus perssoni Nilsson, 1992
  • Agabus phaeopterus (Kirby, 1837)
  • Agabus philippensis (Zimmermann, 1924)
  • Agabus picotae Foster & Bilton, 1997
  • Agabus pisobius Leech, 1949
  • Agabus poppiusi Nilsson, 2003
  • Agabus pseudoclypealis Scholz, 1933
  • Agabus punctatus F.E.Melsheimer, 1844
  • Agabus punctulatus Aubé, 1838
  • Agabus raffrayi Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus ragazzii Régimbart, 1887
  • Agabus ramblae Millán & Ribera, 2001
  • Agabus rathbuni Scudder, 1900
  • Agabus regimbarti Zaitzev, 1906
  • Agabus reitteri Lomnicki, 1894
  • Agabus rottensis Nilsson, 2001
  • Agabus rufipennis (Gschwendtner, 1933)
  • Agabus rufulus Fairmaire, 1859
  • Agabus rumppi Leech, 1964
  • Agabus ruwenzoricus Guignot, 1936
  • Agabus safei Abdul-Karim & Ali, 1986
  • Agabus sasquatch Larson, 1991
  • Agabus semipunctatus (Kirby, 1837)
  • Agabus serricornis (Paykull, 1799)
  • Agabus setulosus (J.Sahlberg, 1895)
  • Agabus sikhotealinensis (Lafer, 1988)
  • Agabus sjostedti Régimbart, 1908
  • Agabus slovzovi (J.Sahlberg, 1880)
  • Agabus smithi Brown, 1930
  • Agabus solskii Jakovlev, 1897
  • Agabus strigulosus (Crotch, 1873)
  • Agabus striolatus (Gyllenhal, 1808)
  • Agabus sturmii (Gyllenhal, 1808)
  • Agabus subfuscatus Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus suoduogangi Stastný & Nilsson, 2003
  • Agabus svenhedini (Falkenström, 1932)
  • Agabus taeniolatus (Harris, 1828)
  • Agabus taiwanensis Nilsson & Wewalka, 1994
  • Agabus thomsoni (J.Sahlberg, 1871)
  • Agabus tibetanus Zaitzev, 1908
  • Agabus tristis Aubé, 1838
  • Agabus turcmenus Guignot, 1957
  • Agabus udege Nilsson, 1994
  • Agabus uliginosus (Linnaeus, 1761)
  • Agabus undulatus (Schrank, 1776)
  • Agabus ungeri (Heer, 1847)
  • Agabus unguicularis (Thomson, 1867)
  • Agabus uralensis Nilsson & Petrov, 2006
  • Agabus valdiviensis Gemminger & Harold, 1868
  • Agabus velox Leech, 1939
  • Agabus vereschaginae Angus, 1984
  • Agabus winkleri (Gschwendtner, 1923)
  • Agabus wollastoni Sharp, 1882
  • Agabus xyztrus Larson, 2000
  • Agabus yakutiae Nilsson & Larson, 1990
  • Agabus zetterstedti Thomson, 1856
  • Agabus zimmermanni Scholz, 1920

References
  1. Zool. Misc., 3: 69, 72. Type species: Agabus paykullii Leach, 1817 (= Dytiscus serricornis Paykull, 1799)
  2. Ross H. Arnett, Michael C. Thomas (2002). American Beetles: Staphyliniformi. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0849319250. P. 175-176.
  3. Anders N. Nilsson, Mogens Holmen (1995). The Aquatic Adephaga (Coleoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark: II - Dytiscidea. Leiden - a.o.: Brill. ISBN 9004104569. P. 87.
  4. Foster, G. 1996. Agabus clypealis. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed on 28 November 2008.
  5. Foster, G. 1996. Agabus discicollis. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed on 28 November 2008.
  6. Foster, G. 1996. Agabus hozgargantae. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed on 28 November 2008.
  7. Ignacio Ribera, Anders N. Nilsson, Alfried P. Vogler (2004). Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Agabinae diving beetles (Coleoptera) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 (3): 545-562.
  8. Nilsson, A.N. (June 2000). "A new view on the generic classification of the Agabus-group of genera of the Agabini, aimed at solving the problem with a paraphyletic Agabus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)". Koleopterologische Rundschau. 70: 17–36.
  9. Dytiscidae Species List at Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 7 May 2012.

Further reading
Hilsenhoff, W.L. (1986) Life history strategies of some Nearctic Agabini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 11: 385-390.
Larson D.J. (1989). Revision of North American Agabus Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): introduction, key to species groups, and classification of the ambiguus-, tristis- and arcticus-groups. The Canadian Entomologist 121: 861-919.
Larson D.J. (1991). Revision of North American Agabus Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): elongatus-, zetterstedti-, and confinis-groups. The Canadian Entomologist 123: 1239-1317.
Larson D.J. (1994). Revision of North American Agabus Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): lutosus-, obsoletus-, and fuscipennis-groups. The Canadian Entomologist 126: 135-181.
Larson D.J. (1996). Revision of North American Agabus Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): the opacus-group. The Canadian Entomologist 128: 613-665.
Larson D.J. (1997). Revision of North American Agabus Leach (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): the seriatus-group. The Canadian Entomologist 129: 105-149.
Larson D.J., Alarie Y., Roughley R.E. (2000) Predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) of the Nearctic Region, with emphasis on the fauna of Canada and Alaska. Ottawa: NRC Research Press. ISBN 0660179679.
Larson, D.J. & Nilsson, A.N. (1985) The Holarctic species of Agabus (sensu lato) Leach (Coleoptera: Dystiscidae). The Canadian Entomologist 117: 119-130.
Larson D.J. & Wolfe R.W. (1998). Revision of North American Agabus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): the semivittatus-group. The Canadian Entomologist 130: 27-54.
Nilsson, Anders N. (1982). A key to the identification of the known third-stage larvae of the Fennoscandian species of the genus Agabus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 13 (3): 333-338.
Nilsson, Anders N. (1986) Life cycle and habitats of the northern European Agabini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 11: 391-417, 1986.
Nilsson, Anders N. (1987) A key to the first instar larvae of Fennoscandian Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Fauna Norvegica, Series B 34 (2): 131-137.
Nilsson, Anders N. (1992) A revision of Afrotropical Agabus Leach (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae), and the evolution of tropicoalpine super specialists. Systematic Entomology 17 (2), 155-179.
Nilsson, Anders N. (2000) A new view on the generic classification of the Agabus-group of genera of the Agabini, aimed at solving the problem with a paraphyletic Agabus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 70: 17–36.
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