Algerian popular resistance against French invasion

Algerian popular resistance against French invasion
Part of History of Algeria
Date 1680-1962 Location Algeria
Belligerents
Algeria	France
Commanders and leaders
Algerian people	French Army

The Algerian popular resistance against French invasion is the historic process that the Algerian people undertook to counter the invasion of French colonial troops on Algerian soil.[1][2]

French-Algerian War 1681–88

The French-Algerian War 1681-1688 was part of a wider campaign by France against the Barbary Pirates in the 1680s.[3]

French conquest of Algeria

Emir Abdelkader

Cheikh Mokrani

The French conquest of Algeria took place between 1830 and 1903. In 1827, an argument between Hussein Dey, the ruler of the Ottoman Regency of Algiers, and the French consul escalated into a naval blockade, following which France invaded and quickly seized Algiers in 1830, and seized other coastal communities. Amid internal political strife in France, decisions were repeatedly taken to retain control of the territory, and additional military forces were brought in over the following years to quell resistance in the interior of the country.[4]

Mitidja resistance

When the Algerian capital fell to the French army on 7 June 1830, a new phase of modern Algerian history began, the period of French colonialism.[5]

This is because the fall of the Ottoman rule led to a political vacuum, as a result of which political and military leaders appeared in the countryside of the Mitidja region, who took upon themselves the task of confronting the French occupation.[6]

The Mitidja resistance is the first armed popular resistance of Algerians against the French presence, which will be generalized throughout the country and will continue until the beginning of the 20th century.[7]

Emir Abdelkader resistance

When Emir Abdelkader pledged allegiance to resisting the French occupation, the Algerians rushed to him from all sides with the aim of uniting the people and fighting the French occupiers.

And for that, he played the role of the military leader, so he resisted the French by the so-called Emir Abdelkader resistance, played the role of judge, resolving disputes between tribes, and playing the role of politician, so he joined the scattered ranks.[8]

Kabylia resistance

As soon as Emir Abdelkader resistance ended in defeat in 1847, Kabylia continued the Kabylia resistance until 1857 when Larbaâ Nath Irathen fell under French control.[9]

Mokrani Revolt

The Mokrani Revolt which broke out on 16 March 1871, was the most important local uprising against French colonial power in Algeria since the conquest in 1830 : more than 250 tribes rose up, around a third of the population of the country. It was led by the Kabyles of the Biban mountains commanded by Cheikh Mokrani and his brother Boumezrag Mokrani, as well as Cheikh El Haddad, head of the Rahmaniyya religious fraternity.

French Algeria

Messali Hadj

Mohamed Belouizdad

French Algeria was the colonial rule of France over Algeria since the pacification in 1871. French rule in the region began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers and lasted until the Algerian War of Independence concluded in 1962. While the administration of Algeria changed significantly over the 132 years of French rule, the Mediterranean coastal region of Algeria, housing the vast majority of its population, was administered as an integral part of France from 1848 until independence.[10]

Algerian nationalism

Algerian nationalism has been shaped by Algerian-French dichotomies; tensions between the French and Algerian language and culture. It was inspired by people such as Ben Badis and Djamila Bouhired, who were two of the many opposing French colonial rule in Algeria.[11]

Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties

The Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties was created in October 1946 to replace the outlawed Parti du Peuple Algerien while Messali Hadj remained as its president.

Special Organisation

The Special Organisation was a secret paramilitary organisation in colonial Algeria, founded by Mohamed Belouizdad of the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties in 1947 to prepare for armed struggle against France, which ruled Algeria as a colony since 1830.

Algerian Revolution

The Algerian War was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and the use of torture.[12]

See also

• History of Algeria
• Ottoman Algeria
• Mitidja resistance
• Emir Abdelkader resistance
• Kabylia resistance
• French Algeria
• Algerian War

References

1. Meynier, Gilbert. L'Emir Khaled, premier za'iM ? Identité algérienne et colonialisme français. ISBN 9782296402041.
2. Tailliart, Charles (1999). L'Algérie dans la littérature française. ISBN 9782051017039.
3. Hugo, Abel (1843). "France historique et monumentale: Histoire générale de France depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'a nos jours".
4. Nettement, Alfred (1870). "Histoire de la conquête de l'Algérie: écrite sur des documents inédits et authentiques".
5. "Annuaire historique universel, pour ... Par C. L. Lesur. - 1819-1830; n. S. 1831-1839". 1837.
6. "Conquête d'Alger ou pièces sur la conquête d'Alger et sur l'Algérie". 1832.
7. Gaffarel, Paul (2004). L' Algérie: Histoire, conquête et colonisation. ISBN 9782906431751.
8. Rousset, Camille (1887). "Les commencements d'une conquête: l'Algérie de 1830 à 1840".
9. Rousset, Camille (1889). "La conquête d'Alger: 1841-1857".
10. Gaffarel, Paul (1892). "La conquête de l'Afrique".
11. Cappot, Jean-Gabriel (1856). "L'Algerie française".
12. Fabre, Thierry (2004). Colonialisme et postcolonialisme en Méditerranée: Rencontres d'Averroès # 10. ISBN 9782863641286.