Amanita crocea

Amanita crocea, the saffron ringless amanita, is a species of Amanita widely distributed in Europe.

Saffron ringless amanita
Amanita crocea from Commanster, Belgium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
Genus: Amanita
Species:
A. crocea
Binomial name
Amanita crocea
(Quél. in Bourd.) Singer ex Singer
Synonyms[1]
  • Orange Grisette
  • Amanita vaginata var. crocea Quél. 1898 [LEG; MB456911]
  • Amanitopsis crocea (Quél.) E.-J. Gilbert 1928 [LEG; MB251657]
Amanita crocea
float
Mycological characteristics
gills on hymenium
cap is flat or convex
hymenium is free
stipe has a volva
spore print is white
ecology is mycorrhizal
edibility: edible but not recommended

Description
Amanita crocea from Commanster, Belgium
  • Cap: The cap is free of rings with the volva and has a diameter of 5 – 10 cm, yellow-orange in colour with an apricot tinge at the centre. It expands to become flat or sometimes convex at the umbo, a small raised central area.
  • Volva: Thick, white, at least 40 – 100 mm wide, saffron orange or a little browner than that in colour in the centre when fresh and paler at the margin.
  • Gills: Gills are free and cream in mass (sometimes with a slight salmon or pinkish reflection, and 2 - 3± mm broad.)
  • Stem/stipe: The stem or stipe is 85 - 230 x 7 – 14 mm, 10 – 15 cm long and 1 - 1.5 cm in diameter, tapering, decorated with paler fibrils in a "flame" pattern, with the decoration later becoming orange or brown-orange (darker than the underlying stipe surface) with a membranous sack-like volva at the base.
  • Spores: The white spores measure (8.0-) 9.4 - 11.8 (-18.8) x (7.5-) 8.5 - 11.0 (-16.0) µm.[2][3]

Ecology and edibility

The fungi can occur infrequently between July and October in mycorrhizal with hardwood trees, particularly birch and beech in clearings. Its odour is sweet-smelling and it has a mildly nutty sweet taste.[4] It has also been reported from Iran.[5]

While edible, guides advise not to eat it as many Amanitas are very poisonous.[6]

Similar species
Amanita fulva
Amanita caesarea
Amanita fulva (left) in Bergen, Norway and an Amanita caesarea (right) in Piacenza's mountains.

It is similar to Amanita fulva (orange-brown ringless amanita or tawny grisette) and Amanita caesarea (Caesar's mushroom), belonging to the Vaginatae and [[Caesareae sections of the Amanita genus respectively.

The edible tawny grisette is a basidiomycete mushroom located in North America and Europe.[7] It was first described from Sweden in 1821.[8] It is easily confused with the 'Death Cap', though not as substantial. The structure is relatively flimsy and the hollow stem often breaks, even when handled very gently.[9] It has fibres on its stalk usually.[10]

The second similar species, the Caesar's mushroom, is the type species (a species to which the name of a genus is permanently linked) of the Caesareae section of the genus Amanita. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stem. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India. It was known to and valued by the Ancient Romans, who called it Boletus, a name now applied to a very different type of fungus. The word Amanita comes from Greek 'amanites' meaning mushroom and the word Caesarea comes from Latin 'caesarea' meaning caesarean, of, for, or belonging to Caesar, as this mushroom was highly valued by Roman emperors.[11][12]

See also

References
  1. "Amanita crocea (Quél.) Singer 1951". MycoBank. Retrieved 2004-11-25.
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-11-28.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/id_guide/amanitaceae/amanita_crocea.php Archived 2010-12-26 at the Wayback Machine Amanita crocea-Pictures, habitat and identification guide.
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-12-26. Retrieved 2010-11-28.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Bahram, M; Asef, M. R.; Zarre, Sh.; M. Abbasi; S. Reidl (2006). "Addition to the knowledge of Amanita (Agaricales, Pluteaceae) from Iran". Rostaniha. 7 (2): 107–119. ISSN 1608-4306.
  6. Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
  7. http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5539.asp Rogers mushrooms.
  8. Kuo, M. (2002, September). Amanita fulva. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_fulva.html
  9. http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk/tawny-grisette Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Tawny Grisette | Wild About Britain.
  10. http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Taxa/Amanifulva22.html Amanita fulva
  11. Amanita caesarea. http://alphagamma.150m.com/Amanita_caesarea.html Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
  12. http://www.eticomm.net/~ret/amanita/species/caesarea.html Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine by R.E. Tulloss.
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