Amguema
Amguema (Russian: Амгуэма; Chukchi: Оʼмваам) is a village (selo) in Iultinsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Population: 531 (2010 Census);[3] [4] the village is based on the Iultin-Egvekinot road, one of the few significant roads in the Okrug. Reindeer herding is the most significant economic activity in the village. Municipally, Amguema is subordinated to Iultinsky Municipal District and incorporated as Amguema Rural Settlement.[6]
Amguema
Амгуэма | |
|---|---|
Location of Amguema 
| |
  Amguema Location of Amguema  Amguema Amguema (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) | |
| Coordinates: 67°01′N 178°14′W | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug[1] |
| Administrative district | Iultinsky District[2] |
| Elevation | 138 m (453 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 531 |
| • Estimate (January 2016)[5] | 416 |
| • Municipal district | Iultinsky Municipal District[6] |
| • Rural settlement | Amguema Rural Settlement[6] |
| • Capital of | Amguema Rural Settlement[6] |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (MSK+9  [7]) |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 689210 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 42734[9] |
| OKTMO ID | 77715000106 |
Demographics
The most recent census figures show a population of 531,[3] of which 279 are men and 252 women.[4] The village is a traditional Chukchi settlement,[10] in which most of the citizens are reindeer herders,[11] taking advantage of the pasture present around the river Amguema (Chukchi: O'mvaam[12]). It is the only native settlement in the district to have a stable economy, thanks in part to the available land.[12] The population as of 2006 was 570,[11] up slightly on the 2003 estimate of 548,[12] of whom 387 were indigenous peoples and of those 379 of them were Chukchi.[12]
Culture
In August, the village is the host of the Vylgynkoranymat festival (lit. young reindeer festival), during which time, a slaughter occurs so that the residents may have sufficient skins for clothing for the forthcoming winter.[11] At the end of the festival, the women of the village produce a dish called kivlet, boiled reindeer stomachs, complete with their undigested final meal to which venison, blood and onions are added and is said to resemble goulash when cooked.[11]
As with many of the settlements in Chukotka, there are neolithic remains to be found in the area surrounding the village.[11]
Economy
The inhabitants of Amguema survive almost entirely through reindeer husbandry[13] and the Sovkhoz, with 11,166 head, is thought to have the second-largest number of reindeer in the whole Okrug, looked after by six brigades, the structure a remnant of the Soviet era.[14] Each brigade is responsible for between 760 and 3710 reindeer.[14]
In an area where land-based transport is scarce, the village is fortunate to be connected to one of the few roads, being situated about halfway along the paved road that runs from Egvekinot in the south, to the former mining village of Iultin, on the 91st kilometer.[12] The majority of the population are reindeer herders,[12] with 84 people working on the tundra in 2003.[12]
Beyond the comparative ease with which inhabitants of Amguema can reach the outside world, the village has also been a major beneficiary of the money spent on the region by the former governor, Roman Abramovich. The village has a boarding school for all ages, which is a rarity in the region, and the village serves as an educational hub for the surrounding villages whose schools do not cover all age groups.[15] As well as the school, Abramovich funded the construction of 46 new homes, at a cost of nearly $2.5 million, with hot water and indoor facilities, as well as a guesthouse, barbers and banya.[16] There is also a food store, a post-office, a daycare center and a bakery.[12] The school in Amguema is a boarding school and is used to educate not only the children from village but also other children from Nutepelmen and Vankarem, who are sent there when they are seven or eight.[13]
Transport
Amguema is situated on the Iultin-Egvekinot road, one of the few permanent roads in Chukotka. Within the village, there is also a small road network including:[17]
- улица Восточный (Ulitsa Vostochniy, lit. East Street)
- улица Западный (Ulitsa Zapadniy, lit. West Street)
- улица Магистральная (Ulitsa Magistralnaya, lit. "Trunk Street")
- улица Набережная (Ulitsa Naberezhnaya, lit. Quay Street)
- улица Северная (Ulitsa Severnaya, lit. North Street)
- улица Центральная (Ulitsa Tsentralnaya, lit. Central Street)
Amguema in Russian Naval History
A class of polar cargo ships was first developed in 1962 and named Anguema after the village.[18] This was the first new class of ULA (the Russian abbreviation for "strengthened for arctic ice"[19]) a continuation of the Lena class of icebreaker to all intents and purposes, and was felt to have a hull shape far superior to any type of ice breaker constructed to that date.[19]
The first of this class of ship named after the village, a polar cargo ship, was among a number of Russian cargo ships and ice-breakers stuck in ice at Kosa Dvukh Pilotov in 1983 on a journey from Magadan to Mys Shmidta, when the winter sea ice formed significantly earlier than usual.[20]
Climate
Amguema has a Tundra climate (ET)[21] because the warmest month has an average temperature between 0 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F).
| Climate data for Amguema | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 0 (32) |
3.8 (38.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
5 (41) |
12.1 (53.8) |
30 (86) |
29.6 (85.3) |
28.6 (83.5) |
20 (68) |
6 (43) |
8 (46) |
3.3 (37.9) |
30 (86) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −21.3 (−6.3) |
−23.8 (−10.8) |
−22 (−8) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
4 (39) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−21.3 (−6.3) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −26.3 (−15.3) |
−29 (−20) |
−28.2 (−18.8) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
2 (36) |
6.5 (43.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−12 (10) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−25.4 (−13.7) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −48.4 (−55.1) |
−48 (−54) |
−46 (−51) |
−41.1 (−42.0) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−7 (19) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
−35 (−31) |
−44 (−47) |
−46 (−51) |
−48.4 (−55.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 60 (2.4) |
21 (0.8) |
12 (0.5) |
24 (0.9) |
12 (0.5) |
24 (0.9) |
39 (1.5) |
36 (1.4) |
45 (1.8) |
27 (1.1) |
30 (1.2) |
33 (1.3) |
363 (14.3) |
| Average snowy days | 22 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 163 |
| Source: [22] | |||||||||||||
References
Notes
- Law #33, Article 12.2
- Law #33, Article 16.2
- Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- The results of the 2010 Census are given for Amguema Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Iultinsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Amguema is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Amguema Rural Settlement.
- Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года Archived 2016-08-16 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- Law #149, Article 8
- "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
- Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Iultinsky District (in Russian)
- Dallman, Map 3.6
- Strogoff, p.126
- Red Cross Chukotka - Iultinsky District (Archived)
- Vaté, p.48
- Vaté, p.47
- "Polar Bear — Species — WWF". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ZARAKHOVICH, YURI (24 November 2002). "Meet The Second Richest Man In Russia". Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via www.time.com.
- Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service Iultinsky District (in Russian)
- "Ice-breakers in Arctic". www.philateliemarine.fr. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- Horensma, p.123
- Horensma, p.144
- McKnight and Hess, pp.235-7
- "Weather Averages for Amguema from meoweather.com". meoweather.com. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
Sources
- W. K. Dallmann. Indigenous Peoples of the north of the Russian Federation, Map 3.6, Chukotskiy Avtonomyy Okrug. 1997.
- McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №33-ОЗ от 30 июня 1998 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №55-ОЗ от 9 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чукотского автономного округа "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Чукотского автономного округа"». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня его официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №7 (28), 14 мая 1999 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #33-OZ of June 30, 1998 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #55-OZ of June 9, 2012 On Amending the Law of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug". Effective as of after ten days from the day of the official publication.). (in Russian)
- Дума Чукотского автономного округа. Закон №149-ОЗ от 24 ноября 2008 г. «О статусе, границах и административных центрах муниципальных образований на территории Иультинского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа», в ред. Закона №85-ОЗ от 20 октября 2010 г «Об упразднении сельского поселения Нутэпэльмен Иультинского муниципального района Чукотского автономного округа и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Чукотского автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости", №46/1 (373/1), 28 ноября 2008 г. (Duma of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Law #149-OZ of November 24, 2008 On the Status, Borders, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations on the Territory of Iultinsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #85-OZ of October 20, 2010 On the Abolition of Nutepelmen Rural Settlement of Iultinsky Municipal District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and on Amending Several Legislative Acts of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Effective as of the day ten days after the official publication date.). (in Russian)
- M. Horensma The Soviet Arctic (1991). Routledge.
- M. Strogoff, P-C Brochet, and D. Auzias Petit Futé: Chukotka (2006). "Avant-Garde" Publishing House.
- V. Vaté Maintaining Cohesion Through Rituals: Chukchi Herders and Hunters, a People of the Siberian Arctic (2005) in Senri Ethnological Studies 69: pp.45-68 Pastoralists and Their Neighbors in Asia and Africa. Eds. K. Ikeya and E. Fratkin.
