Antimony triiodide

Antimony triiodide is the chemical compound with the formula SbI₃. This ruby-red solid is the only characterized "binary" iodide of antimony, i.e. the sole compound isolated with the formula Sb_xI_y. It contains antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Like many iodides of the heavier main group elements, its structure depends on the phase. Gaseous SbI₃ is a molecular, pyramidal species as anticipated by VSEPR theory. In the solid state, however, the Sb center is surrounded by an octahedron of six iodide ligands, three of which are closer and three more distant.[5] For the related compound BiI₃, all six Bi—I distances are equal.[6]

Antimony triiodide

Names
IUPAC name Antimony triiodide, Antimony(III) iodide
Systematic IUPAC name Triiodostibane
Identifiers
CAS Number	7790-44-5
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChemSpider	23032
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.278
EC Number	232-205-8
PubChem CID	24630
UNII	52ZE5Y9Y82
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1064875
InChI InChI=1S/3HI.Sb/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: KWQLUUQBTAXYCB-UHFFFAOYSA-K InChI=1/3HI.Sb.3H/h3*1H;;;;/q;;;+3;;;/p-3/r3HI.H3Sb/h3*1H;1H3/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: JYIUOADDPFDEAV-GODZFDHEAT InChI=1/3HI.Sb/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: KWQLUUQBTAXYCB-DFZHHIFOAA
SMILES [SbH3+3].[I-].[I-].[I-] I[Sb](I)I
Properties
Chemical formula	I3Sb
Molar mass	502.473 g·mol^−1
Appearance	red crystals
Density	4.921 g/cm^3
Melting point	170.5 °C (338.9 °F; 443.6 K)
Boiling point	401.6 °C (754.9 °F; 674.8 K)
Solubility in water	soluble, partially hydrolyses
Solubility	soluble in benzene, alcohol, acetone, CS2, HCl, KI, SnCl4, C2H7N ,HI,alkali metal triiodides insoluble in CHCl3, CCl4[1]
Solubility in diiodomethane	10.15% v/v (12 °C)[2]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-147.0·10^−6 cm^3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral, hR24,
Space group	R-3, No. 148
Dipole moment	1.58 D
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	81.6 J/mol·K (gas)[1]
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH^⦵298)	-100.4 kJ/mol[1]
Hazards
GHS pictograms	[3]
GHS Signal word	Warning
GHS hazard statements	H302, H332, H411[3]
GHS precautionary statements	P273[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m^3 (as Sb)[4]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m^3 (as Sb)[4]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Production

It may be formed by the reaction of antimony with elemental iodine, or the reaction of antimony trioxide with hydroiodic acid.

Alternatively, it may be prepared by the interaction of antimony and iodine in boiling benzene or tetrachloroethane.

Uses

SbI₃ has been used as a dopant in the preparation of thermoelectric materials.[7]

References

1. http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=5180
2. Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds. Van Nostrand. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
3. Sigma-Aldrich Co., Antimony(III) iodide. Retrieved on 2014-05-29.
4. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
5. Hsueh, H.C.; Chen, R.K.; Vass, H.; Clark, S.J.; Ackland, G.J.; Poon, W.C.K.; Crain, J. (1998). "Compression mechanisms in quasimolecular XI3 (X = As, Sb, Bi) solids" (PDF). Physical Review B. 58 (22): 14812–14822. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.58.14812.
6. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
7. D.-Y. Chung; T. Hogan; P. Brazis; M. Rocci-Lane; C. Kannewurf; M. Bastea; C. Uher; M. G. Kanatzidis (2000). "CsBi₄Te₆: A High-Performance Thermoelectric Material for Low-Temperature Applications". Science. 287 (5455): 1024–7. doi:10.1126/science.287.5455.1024. PMID 10669411.

External links