Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs

The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs, or ASD(NCB), is the principal adviser to the Secretary of Defense, Deputy Secretary of Defense and the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics on policy and plans for nuclear, chemical, and biological defense programs.

The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs develops policies, advice, and recommendations on:

• nuclear weapons;
• chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) medical and non-medical defense;
• safety, surety, security, and safe destruction of the chemical weapon stockpile;
• nuclear, chemical and biological arms control activities and related plans and programs.

The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs also oversees the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)'s Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (CTR). The Director of DTRA reports directly to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs.[1]

Before the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 on January 7, 2011, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs was known as the "Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear & Chemical & Biological Defense Programs".[2]

Three Deputy Assistant Secretaries of Defense report to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Chemical & Biological Defense Programs:

• the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense (DASD(CBD))
• the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Matters (DASD(NM))
• the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Threat Reduction and Arms Control (DASD(TRAC))

In addition, the Director of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency reports directly to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs.

The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense oversees development of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) defenses to protect national interests at home and abroad, handling Department of Defense efforts related to:

• science & technology,
• advanced development and
• test and evaluation of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defenses

and

• the Chemical and Biological Defense Program Objective Memorandum (POM).[3]

The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Matters is primarily the focal point for activities and initiatives related to sustaining a safe, secure, and effective nuclear deterrent and countering threats from nuclear terrorism and nuclear proliferation. This office serves as a primary point of contact for Congress, other agencies, and the public for those programs.

The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Matters's office is staffed by representatives from all areas of the nuclear community, including the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Air Force, the National Guard Bureau, the United States Nuclear Command and Control Systems Support Staff, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Department of Energy, the National Nuclear Security Agency, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Kansas City Plant, and the National Security Agency.[3]

The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Threat Reduction and Arms Control is the principal adviser to the Assistant Secretary for Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs for

• acquisition oversight, implementation, and compliance with nuclear, biological, and chemical treaties;
• cooperative threat reduction; chemical demilitarization programs;

and

• building global partner capacity to counter weapons of mass destruction.

The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Defense for Threat Reduction and Arms Control oversees the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Cooperative Threat Reduction Program and the Chemical Demilitarization Program.

This office also:

• oversees implementation of and compliance with existing and prospective nuclear, biological, and chemical arms control agreements;
• integrates programs to combat proliferation weapons of mass destruction; and
• assists the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs as Executive Secretary of the Counterproliferation Program Review Committee (CPRC) and Chair of the Standing Committee of the CPRC.[3]

History

The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs' functions can be traced back to the US Department of Defense's Military Liaison Committee (MLC), formed in the early Cold War to coordinate military requirements with the United States Atomic Energy Commission. The MLC was the channel of communication between the DoD and AEC (and later, the US Energy Research and Development Administration and the US Department of Energy) on all matters relating to military applications of atomic weapons or atomic energy. It addressed matters of policy, programming, and funding of the military application of atomic energy. [4]

In 1951, the Secretary of Defense moved the Military Liaison Committee to the Pentagon. Its chairman became the Deputy to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy Matters. In 1953, this position was renamed the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy.[4]

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1987 (P.L. 99-661, passed in November 1986) abolished the Military Liaison Committee, replacing it with the Nuclear Weapons Council. Just over a year later, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988-1989 (P.L. 100-180) created the position of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy).[5]

In 1994, the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy) was given control over the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA), which became the Defense Threat Reduction Agency.[4] In February 1996, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (P.L. 104-106) officially created the office of the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear & Chemical & Biological Defense Programs, or ASTD (NCB) to replace that of the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy).[5]

The Clinton administration declined to nominate an Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear & Chemical & Biological Defense Programs between 1997 and 2001, having determined (as part of its Defense Reform Initiative) that the position should be eliminated. Congress insisted that the Pentagon maintain the office, arguing it was necessary to ensure appropriate senior-level policy oversight and implementation guidance within the Department of Defense.[4]

In January 2011, President Obama signed the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2011, renaming the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear & Chemical & Biological Defense Programs the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs.[2]

Office Holders

The table below includes both the various titles of this post over time, as well as all the holders of those offices.

Assistants to the Secretary of Defense (Nuclear & Chemical & Biological Defense Programs)[5]

Name	Tenure	SecDef(s) Served Under	President(s) Served Under
Chairman, Military Liaison Committee
Lt. Gen. Lewis H. Brereton (USA)	July 17, 1947 – March 30, 1948	James V. Forrestal	Harry Truman
Donald F. Carpenter	April 8, 1948 - September 21, 1948	James V. Forrestal	Harry Truman
William Webster	September 22, 1948 - September 30, 1949	Louis A. Johnson	Harry Truman
Robert LeBaron	October 1, 1949 - April 12, 1953	Louis A. Johnson George C. Marshall, Jr. Robert A. Lovett Charles E. Wilson	Harry Truman Dwight Eisenhower
Chairman, Military Liaison Committee/Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy)
Robert LeBaron	April 13, 1953 - August 1, 1954	Charles E. Wilson	Dwight Eisenhower
Maj. Gen. Herbert B. Loper (USAF)	August 9, 1954 - July 14, 1961	Charles E. Wilson Neil H. McElroy Thomas S. Gates Robert S. McNamara	Dwight Eisenhower John F. Kennedy
Dr. Gerald W. Johnson	August 11, 1961 - September 15, 1963	Robert S. McNamara	John F. Kennedy
William J. Howard	January 2, 1964 - June 15, 1966	Robert S. McNamara	Lyndon Johnson
Dr. Carl Walske	October 3, 1966 - April 15, 1973	Robert S. McNamara Clark M. Clifford Melvin R. Laird Elliot L. Richardson	Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon
Donald R. Cotter	October 16, 1973 - March 17, 1978	James R. Schlesinger Donald H. Rumsfeld Harold Brown	Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter
Dr. James P. Wade, Jr.	August 8, 1978 - June 14, 1981 June 15, 1981 - June 5, 1982 (Acting)	Harold Brown Caspar W. Weinberger	Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan
Dr. Richard Wagner	June 6, 1982 - April 1, 1986	Caspar W. Weinberger	Ronald Reagan
Dr. Robert B. Barker	October 18, 1986 - November 14, 1986	Caspar W. Weinberger	Ronald Reagan
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy)
Dr. Robert B. Barker	November 14, 1986 - March 3, 1988 (non-statutory) March 4, 1988 - May 29, 1992 (statutory)	Caspar W. Weinberger Frank C. Carlucci III William H. Taft IV (Acting) Richard B. Cheney	Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush
Dr. John Birely (Acting)	May 29, 1992 - May 6, 1993	Richard B. Cheney Leslie Aspin, Jr.	George H. W. Bush William Clinton
Dr. Harold P. Smith, Jr.	June 1, 1993 - March 10, 1996	William J. Perry	William Clinton
Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Nuclear & Chemical & Biological Defense Programs)
Dr. Harold P. Smith, Jr.	March 11, 1996 - January 31, 1998	William J. Perry William S. Cohen	William Clinton
Position Vacant	1998–2001	William S. Cohen	William Clinton George W. Bush
Dr. Dale Klein[4]	November 15, 2001 - June 30, 2006	Donald H. Rumsfeld	George W. Bush
Dr. A. Thomas Hopkins (Acting)[4]	January 31, 2006 - August 2008	Donald H. Rumsfeld Robert M. Gates	George W. Bush
Fred Celec[4]	August 2008 - May 2009	Robert M. Gates	George W. Bush Barack Obama
Andrew C. Weber[1]	May 18, 2009 - January 7, 2011	Robert M. Gates	Barack Obama
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs)
Andrew C. Weber	January 7, 2011 - October 1, 2014	Robert M. Gates Leon Panetta Chuck Hagel	Barack Obama
Dr. A Thomas Hopkins (Acting)	October 1, 2014 - November 29, 2017	Ash Carter	Barack Obama
Guy B. Roberts	November 30, 2017 - April 2, 2019	Jim Mattis	Donald Trump
Alan Shaffer (Acting)	April 2, 2019 - Present	Mark Esper	Donald Trump

References

1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2012-06-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. H.R. 6523, Title IX, Subtitle A, 5 January 2011, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr6523enr/pdf/BILLS-111hr6523enr.pdf
3. "Nuclear Chemical and Biological Defense Programs: Organization". Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics. Archived from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. Office of the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Matters, "NM History" "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2011-02-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
5. "Department of Defense Key Officials" (PDF). Historical Office, OSD. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-02-01.