Avolsheim

Avolsheim (French pronunciation: ​[avɔlsaim][2]) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

Avolsheim
Commune
Avolsheim in winter
Coat of arms
Location of Avolsheim
Avolsheim
Avolsheim
Coordinates: 48°33′44″N 7°30′07″E
CountryFrance
RegionGrand Est
DepartmentBas-Rhin
ArrondissementMolsheim
CantonMolsheim
IntercommunalityCC Région Molsheim-Mutzig
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Pascal Gehin
Area
1
1.83 km2 (0.71 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
713
 • Density390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
67016 /67120
Elevation164–362 m (538–1,188 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Avolsheimois or Avolsheimoises.[3]

The commune has been awarded one flower by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.[4]

Geography

Avolsheim is located some 22 km west by south-west of Strasbourg and 18 km north of Obernai. Access to the commune is by the D422 from Odratzheim in the north which passes through the centre of the commune and the town and continues south to Molsheim. The D127 goes east from the town to Dachstein. Apart from the significant sized urban area the commune is mixed forest and farmland.[5]

The Bruche river flows north through the east of the commune and abruptly turns right near the northern border of the commune before continuing east to join a branch of the Rhine at Strasbourg. The Mossig river flows from the north-west forming the northern border of the commune before joining the Bruche.

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy

The first written record of the name of a village in the current commune dates from the year 788 and is called Hunzolfesheim. It was found in 1051 spelled Avelsheim then Afelsheim in 1350 with a dialectal form Âfelse. In 1496 it was written Afeltzheim and in 1589 Avelssheim again but with two "s". Since then, the village has had its present name and its spelling has not changed.

The prefix offe (offen in German = "open") was the origin of the name Avolsheim and therefore means "Open Town". It is possible that this name was given to the village since it was devoid of walls, which in the Middle Ages was relatively rare.

There is an old local saying in dialect: Es steht offe wie Âfelse ("It is as open as Avolsheim") suggesting that at one time the steeple at Avolsheim, which remained so long in ruins so was "open to the sky", that this could have been the origin of its name. This argument, with the previous one, are confirmed by the popular phrase, Fescht wie Landau un Offe wie Âfelse meaning "A Fort (or fortified) like Landau or open like Avolsheim".

History
Milestone limiting the ban of Avolsheim

Until the Revolution

Avolsheim is located on the Gallo-Roman road linking Molsheim to Saverne. Many objects dating from this period were excavated in 1930.

In the 10th century the area had two distinct hamlets: Avelsheim one hand, corresponding roughly to the current village, and Tumpfieter, Dompieter, or Domphietenheim, a village consisting of a group of a few farms and a mill located at a church called the Dompeter.

The last mention of this hamlet was in the 16th century. It probably died as a village by the end of the same century. For some historians doubt remains: it may have disappeared in the 17th century, its destruction following the Siege of Dachstein by the armies of Turenne.

According to the papal bull of Leo IX in 1051 Avolsheim, including the Mont Sainte-Odile Abbey, was part of the possessions of the bishopric of Strasbourg.

Avolsheim was put in vassalage to the Counts of Ostoffen, then to von Murnhart in 1384, and finally remained with von Beger until 1521. From 1534 until the Revolution, the area was a fief of the dignitaries of the diocese.

Since the French Revolution

The village has been linked to the sub-prefecture of Molsheim since the Revolution.

Avolsheim was once on the Sélestat to Saverne railway line before the section from Molsheim to Saverne was removed in 1967 and replaced with a bicycle path.

Heraldry
Arms of Avolsheim
 Blazon:

Azure, a wheel Or of eight spokes, crowned the same, the hub and spokes in chief disappeared.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[6]

FromToNamePartyPosition
20012008Gilbert Vetter
20082014Gérard Gendre
20142020Françoise Hauss

(Not all data is known)

Demography

In 2017 the commune had 713 inhabitants.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 416—    
1800 412−0.14%
1806 486+2.79%
1821 533+0.62%
1831 609+1.34%
1836 700+2.82%
1841 661−1.14%
1846 803+3.97%
1851 695−2.85%
1856 688−0.20%
1861 696+0.23%
1866 742+1.29%
1872 679−1.47%
1875 650−1.44%
1880 632−0.56%
1885 668+1.11%
1890 668+0.00%
1895 610−1.80%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1900 569−1.38%
1905 562−0.25%
1910 561−0.04%
1921 522−0.65%
1926 542+0.75%
1931 519−0.86%
1936 502−0.66%
1946 474−0.57%
1954 441−0.90%
1962 478+1.01%
1968 487+0.31%
1975 513+0.75%
1982 513+0.00%
1990 567+1.26%
1999 657+1.65%
2007 763+1.89%
2012 726−0.99%
2017 713−0.36%
Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE[8]

Culture and heritage
The Dam on the Bruche

Civil heritage

The commune has many buildings that are registered as historical monuments:

  • A Vineyard Farmhouse at 3 Rue de la Boucherie (1548)[9]
  • A Vineyard Farmhouse at 4 Rue de Dompeter (1867)[10]
  • The Audéoud House or Maison des Soeurs at 1 place de l'Ecole (18th century)[11]
  • A Stonemason's House at 2 place de l'Ecole (1563)[12]
  • A Vineyard Farmhouse at 4 Place de l'Eglise (1788)[13]
  • A Guardhouse at 16 Rue de la Paix (19th century)[14]
  • A Vineyard Farmhouse at 2 Rue de la Paix (1819)[15]
  • A Boatman's House at 5 Rue de la Paix (1837)[16]
  • A former Presbytery now Town Hall at 8 Rue de la Paix (1889)[17]
  • A Fisherman's House at 9 Rue de la Paix (1600)[18]
  • A Stonemason's House at 2 bis Rue Saint-Ullrich (1564)[19]
  • A Farmhouse at 5 Route du Vin (1844)[20]
  • Houses and Farms[21]
Other sites of interest

The Avolsheim Dam was built in 1682 on the Bruche Canal that was built by Vauban. This canal was used to transport blocks of sandstone to Strasbourg from quarries at Soultz-les-Bains and Wolxheim which were necessary for the construction of the Citadel of Strasbourg. This dam enabled the keeping of the water level high enough to supply the canal located a little further down.

Religious heritage
The Chapel of Saint-Ullrich

The commune has two religious buildings that are registered as historical monuments:

  • The Chapel of Saint-Ullrich (10th century).[22][23] The original building dates back to the 11th or end of the 10th century. In 1774 the chapel was transformed to become the new church adopting the facade that is seen today. The chapel consists of an original Tetraconch which is the oldest still existing in Alsace located along the ancient Roman road in the foothills of the Vosges. Taking the form of a clover leaf covered by a dome, the chapel is surmounted by an unusual octagonal tower. In 1774 a church was built next to the chapel to replace the Dompeter that was too far away. The church was finally demolished in 1911 because the building was too small. The central dome and mural paintings were revealed in 1968 when a layer of whitewash was removed. The chapel contains two items that are registered as historical objects:
    • A Monumental Painting (12th century)[24]
    • An Altar (18th century)[25]
The Church of Saint-Materne
  • The Parish Church of Saint-Materne (1911).[26] The Church of Saint-Materne was built in 1911 by architect Johann Knauth who was responsible for Strasbourg Cathedral. This building is the current parish church for Avolsheim which was consecrated in 1936. It is Neo-Romanesque and consists of a nave with aisles overlooked by a barrel-vaulted choir. The bell tower over the sacristy has three which were cast for the old parish church. When construction was complete the organ, dating from 1867 and which was installed by Joseph Dompeter Stiehr, was transferred from the old Church. The church contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
    • A Statue: Virgin and child (16th century)[27]
    • A Statue: Virgin and child (18th century)[28]
    • A Processional Cross (15th century)[29]
    • A Bronze Bell (1788)[30]
    • 2 Bronze Bells (1750 and 1753)[31]
    • An Organ (19th century)[32]
    • A Processional Cross (2) (17th century)[33]
    • A Processional Cross (1) (18th century)[34]
  • A number of other sites are registered as historical objects:
    • A Wayside Cross: Mount Calvary: Flagellation of Christ at Chemin Werwelweg (17th century)[35]
    • A Wayside Cross: Climbing Mount Calvary at C.D. 121 (1856)[36]
    • A Wayside Cross N called Bildstock (18th century)[37]
    • A Wayside Cross: Christ on the Cross (M) at Route du Vin (1841)[38]
    • A Wayside Cross F called Bildstock (1623)[39]
    • A Relief: Bélier at 1 Place de l'Ecole (12th century)[40]
    • A Wayside Cross: Christ on the Cross (H) at Route du Vin (1705)[41]
Other religious buildings
The Church of Dompeter
  • The Church of Dompeter - one of the oldest churches in Alsace. This church is located in the centre of the Molsheim-Dachstein-Avolsheim triangle. Dedicated to Saint Peter by Materne, its exact age is not known but it is certain that Pope Leo IX consecrated the Dompeter around 1050. The name of the place comes from the Latin Domus Petri (stone house) although there is no trace of the primitive shrine which, according to legend, dates back to the beginning of Christianity. Excavations in 1914 revealed that the foundations on which the Dompeter is made date from Merovingian times. The various changes it has undergone have preserved traces of the era when the changes were done. It is an architectural wealth that allows the observation of the styles of different eras in one place: its bell tower is a perfect example. In 1767 the tower was partially destroyed in a fire. The destroyed part was replaced by an octagonal floor with a spire. After the abandonment of the building between the two wars, the Scouts have done some work in order to ensure its preservation. On the plaques which decorate the walls of the choir are engraved the names of the Scouts of Alsace who died during the Second World War. The church has one item that is registered as an historical object:
    • 2 Statues: Saint Catherine and Saint Apolline (18th century)[42]
  • Chapel of Saint-Ulrich
  • Church of Saint-Materne
  • Church of Dompeter
  • Church of Saint-Materne
  • The Chevet of the Church of Saint-Materne
  • Chapel of Saint-Ulrich and église Saint-Materne
  • Fresco in the Chapel of Saint-Ulrich
  • Detail on the Chapel of Saint-Ullrich
  • Side door at the Church of Dompeter
  • Church of Dompeter interior
  • Roman inscription at the Church of Dompeter

See also

Bibliography
  • Avolsheim over time: between Bruche and Mossig, Carré blanc, Strasbourg, 2003, 96 p. ISBN 2-84488-053-3 (in French)
  • Marc Grandadam, The Romanesque buildings in Avolsheim: Church of Dompeter, Chapel of Saint Ulrich, M. Grandadam, 1989, 20 p. (in French)
  • Sigrid Metken, Dompeter in Avolsheim, Schnell u. Steiner Verlag, Munich, Zurich, 1968, 23 p. (in German)
  • François Reiner, Notice on the Ancient Church of Avolsheim, Levrault F. G, Strasbourg, 1827, 39 p. (in French)
  • Louis Schlaefli, Avolsheim: small stories of great history, in Yearbook of the Historical and Archaeological Society of Molsheim and environs, 1996, p. 5-24 (in French)

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. "Localisation et prononciation des noms de lieux d'Alsace commençant par A". elsasser.free.fr. Retrieved 2021-01-01.
  3. Inhabitants of Bas-Rhin (in French)
  4. Avolsheim in the Competition for Towns and Villages in Bloom Archived December 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in French)
  5. Google Maps
  6. List of Mayors of France (in French)
  7. Données Cassini, EHESS
  8. Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  9. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006088 Vineyard Farmhouse at 3 Rue de la Boucherie (in French)
  10. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006089 Vineyard Farmhouse at 4 Rue de Dompeter (in French)
  11. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006085 Audéoud House or Maison des Soeurs at 1 place de l'Ecole (in French)
  12. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006086 Stonemason's House at 2 place de l'Ecole (in French)
  13. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006090 Vineyard Farmhouse at 4 Place de l'Eglise (in French)
  14. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006083 Guardhouse at 16 Rue de la Paix (in French)
  15. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006091 Vineyard Farmhouse at 2 Rue de la Paix (in French)
  16. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006092 Boatman's House at 5 Rue de la Paix (in French)
  17. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006084 Former Presbytery now Town Hall at 8 Rue de la Paix (in French)
  18. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006093 Fisherman's House at 9 Rue de la Paix (in French)
  19. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006087 Stonemason's House at 2 bis Rue Saint-Ullrich (in French)
  20. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006094 Farmhouse at 5 Route du Vin (in French)
  21. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006080 Houses and Farms (in French)
  22. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006082 Chapel of Saint Ullrich (in French)
  23. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00084593 Chapel of Saint Ullrich (in French)
  24. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009642 Monumental Painting (in French)
  25. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009641 Altar (in French)
  26. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée IA67006081 Parish Church of Saint-Materne (in French)
  27. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM67000019 Statue: Virgin and child (in French)
  28. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM67000018 Statue: Virgin and child (in French)
  29. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM67000016 Processional Cross (in French)
  30. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009640 Bronze Bell (in French)
  31. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009639 2 Bronze Bells (in French)
  32. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009638 Organ (in French)
  33. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009637 Processional Cross (2) (in French)
  34. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009636 Processional Cross (1) (in French)
  35. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009649 Wayside Cross: Mount Calvary: Flagellation of Christ at Chemin Werwelweg (in French)
  36. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009648 Wayside Cross: Climbing Mount Calvary at C.D. 121 (in French)
  37. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009647 Wayside Cross N called Bildstock (in French)
  38. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009646 Wayside Cross: Christ on the Cross at Route du Vin (in French)
  39. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009645 Wayside Cross F called Bildstock (in French)
  40. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009644 Relief: Bélier at 1 Place de l'Ecole (in French)
  41. Ministry of Culture, Palissy IM67009643 Wayside Cross: Christ on the Cross (H) at Route du Vin (in French)
  42. Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM67000017 2 Statues: Saint Catherine and Saint Apolline (in French)
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