Black titi

The black titi, Cheracebus lugens, is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. It was described in 1811 as Calicebus lugens.[2]

Black titi
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Pitheciidae
Genus:	Cheracebus
Species:	C. lugens
Binomial name
Cheracebus lugens (Humboldt, 1811)
Black titi range
Synonyms
Callicebus lugens Humboldt, 1811

Communication

Some vocalizations of black titi are listed here:[3]

1. Morning duet – the most commonly heard vocalization of the pair, singing in duet, complex and utilized to defend territory; it is interchanged with neighboring groups as counter-singing
2. Danger peep – various soft, high-pitched peeps but sometimes low intensity, advising of danger; very difficult to localize
3. Purr – sounds very much like a cat's purr; used by all members of the group to show contentment, affection or request for food, grooming or contact;
4. Rough growl – given by young animals when complaining of rain or when greeting adults
5. Sharp scream – when fighting to express extra disgust
6. Play growl – low, gargling growl used in play and changing in tone, terminating in interrogative tone
7. Soft whine – especially young animals but also adults when requesting something of another such as food or while grooming another
8. Bark – loud, sharp and sudden bark when molested by the unwelcome close presence of other larger primates such as Lagothrix, Cebus, Ateles or raptors.

References

1. Veiga, L. M. & Palacios, E. (2008). "Cheracebus lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T41563A10499347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41563A10499347.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
2. Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 143. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
3. Defler, T. R. 2003. Primates de Colombia. Conservation International, Bogota.