COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto

The COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto is an ongoing viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On January 23, the first identified case of COVID-19 in Canada during the 2019–20 worldwide pandemic was admitted to Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto.[1][2]

For effects of the pandemic in the province, see COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario.
COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationToronto, Ontario, Canada
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseSunnybrook Hospital, Toronto
Arrival dateJanuary 22, 2020
(1 year and 2 weeks)
Confirmed cases87,354
Active cases5,275
Recovered79,596
Deaths
2,483
Fatality rate2.84%
Government website
Toronto Public Health

Timeline

January

On January 23, the first presumptive case in Canada was admitted to Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto and placed into a negative pressure chamber.[1][2] The patient, a male in his 50s who travelled between Wuhan and Guangzhou before returning to Toronto on January 22, contacted emergency services following rapid onset symptoms.[3] The presumption of infection in the patient was made after a rapid test was done at Public Health Ontario's Toronto laboratory, and was announced on January 25.[1][2] Final testing conducted at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg, Manitoba confirmed the presumptive case on January 27.[4] Authorities said that the patient was experiencing respiratory problems but was in stable condition.[1] His condition later improved and he was released from hospital on January 31.[5]

On January 27, the Chief Medical Officer of Health of Ontario announced the man's wife as the second presumptive case.[6] Officials reported that she was in good condition and that she was asymptomatic.[6]

February

On February 24, Toronto's third and Ontario's fourth case of COVID-19 was confirmed after a woman tested positive following travel to Wuhan.[7]

March
The typically busy Yonge–Dundas Square, on March 20.
Leslie Street, an arterial road, during the morning rush hour in March.

On March 5, more cases in Ontario continued to emerge, including a Toronto man who presented himself to Sunnybrook Hospital and tested positive following travel to Iran.[8]

On March 12, 17 new cases were confirmed including a baby boy who had recently visited the North York General Hospital in the former city of North York. That day, the total number of cases in Ontario increased to 59.[9]

From the initial case on January 23 to March 18, over half of the reported cases in the province of Ontario were reported in Toronto.[10]

On March 13, York University, Ryerson University, and the University of Toronto announced the cancellation of in-person lessons, with classes moved online.[11]

April–May

By May 4, 2020, outbreaks on four different inpatient units were declared at Toronto Western Hospital. The first was declared on April 18 while three others were declared on April 30.[12] On May 10, another outbreak was declared on another floor at the hospital.[13] While the term outbreak differs in definition by hospital, Toronto Western Hospital defines it as the confirmation of one positive patient per unit. On May 13, the hospital's emergency department declared an outbreak after five of its staff tested positive.[14]

On Saturday, May 23, 2020, due to warmer weather, estimates of up to 10,000 mostly young people gathered in Trinity Bellwoods Park.[15] Public outrage ensued as well as condemnation from Premier Ford and Toronto's medical officer of health Eileen de Villa.[16][17] After making a tour of the city's parks and speaking with citizens, Mayor John Tory was criticized for lack of social distancing and improperly wearing a mask.[18] He publicly apologized for his actions to following day.[18] No social distancing fines were placed, however, there were several issued for public urination.[19] Police presence was increased the following day to prevent any subsequent large gatherings.[20] The following week, 'social distancing circles' were painted on the lawn in the park modelled after similar tactics used in San Francisco and New York City.[21][22][23][24][25]

On May 27, the Province announced they would be taking over five long-term care homes following a scathing report by the Canadian Armed Forces citing neglect and abuse.[26] Three of the five long-term care homes are in Toronto: Eatonville Care Centre, Hawthorne Place Care Centre and Altamont Care Community.[26]

See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities
Regis Korchinski-Paquet protest in Toronto on May 30.

Despite social distancing policies, on May 30, estimates of up to 4,000 protesters gathered over the death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet, as well as congruent and concurrent protests in the United States and Canada over the death of George Floyd.[27] Protesters were encouraged to engage in social distancing and to wear face masks by Mayor Tory and Police Chief Mark Saunders. Early reports suggested most did wear face masks.[28]

June

On June 1, the city announced two phases for re-opening park washrooms with the first phase re-opening about 50 washroom sites by June 6 and the remaining by mid-June.[29] The Toronto Police Service had issued several tickets at Trinity Bellwoods Park on May 23 after reports of public urination.[30]

On June 5, the city told restaurants to begin preparing for reopening, with no date set, under strict guidelines.[31] Dining room capacities would be reduced by 50%, tables cannot seat more than six people and staff will all be required to maintain a six-foot distance at all times from each other. The city released an extensive list of reopening guidelines.[31] Premier Ford, Mayor Tory and Dr. de Villa suggest that outdoor patios will most likely see a reopening before indoor dining areas.[32]

Again, despite social-distancing orders banning gatherings of more than five people (part of emergency orders by the province extended on June 2[33]) thousands gathered in protests against racism on the weekend of June 5–7.[34] Not Another Black Life, the organizers of the original protest one week before did not claim involvement and instead asked protesters who had participated in the original march to get tested for COVID-19 and self-isolate for two weeks.[35]

In early June, the city announced the CafeTO program, aimed at expanding the patio area of restaurants and bars with patio licenses when allowed to reopen. On June 8, the province echoed these sentiments suggesting they would be eliminating 'bureaucratic red tape' to assist in these patio extensions.[36]

On June 8, Premier Ford announced to beginning of rolling out initiation of Stage 2 of reopening. Gatherings of ten people or less are now allowed in the whole province. However the general Stage 2 approach would be done regionally and therefore Toronto and other areas in the GTA are excluded and will enter Stage 2 at a later date.[37]

On June 9, city councillor Michael Ford (nephew of Ontario Premier Doug Ford) became the first city councillor to test positive for COVID-19.[38] On June 11, 26-year-old Ford was briefly admitted to hospital.[39]

On June 15, as another round of regions were allowed to move into Stage 2, Toronto, Peel and Windsor-Essex were still disallowed from moving forward.[40]

On June 16, the Canadian Armed Forces, sent to help the troubled Eatonville Care Centre officially left the long-term care home. The home was declared 'COVID-19 free' by the home's executive director. The home saw at least 43 deaths, and 138 cases amongst residents and 106 cases amongst staff. All residents have recovered and all but one staff member have recovered.[41]

By June 18, the city of Toronto had confirmed at least 1000 deaths related to COVID-19.[42]

On June 19, the city announced that it will resume issuing marriage licenses from June 22 at the North York Civic Centre.[43] The East York, Etobicoke, Scarborough, and York Civic Centres along with Metro Hall and Toronto City Hall service counters remain closed.[44]

On June 22, the province allowed Toronto to move forward to Stage 2 of reopening, beginning 12:01 am on Wednesday, June 24.[45][46]

At 12:01 am, some bars and restaurants opened Wednesday morning for a short time.[47] On June 24, Mayor Tory announced ferry service will resume to the Toronto Islands on June 27, which had been closed to non-residents since the beginning of the pandemic. Riders of the ferries will be required to wear face coverings.[48]

July
See also: Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic

Beginning after Canada Day, street parking enforcement, as well as fare evasion enforcement, will return to Toronto and the Toronto Transit Commission respectively.[49] Beginning July 2, face masks or face coverings will be required to be worn on the TTC.[50]

Beginning July 7, face masks or face coverings will be required in enclosed, public places by law in the city of Toronto.[51]

On July 29, the Ontario government announced Toronto was allowed to enter Stage 3 of reopening on July 31 at 12:01 am.[52]

August

On August 10, 2020, Toronto Public Health considered its four pandemic control indicators to be in the "green" for the first time. This analysis includes statuses on viral trends, access to personal protective equipment (PPE), laboratory testing and health system capacity.[53][54]

September

Amid back-to-school reopening plans debated at a provincial level, the Toronto District School Board decided to push back the start of school to September 15, 2020 and to have mandatory mask rules for students.[55][56]

On September 11, the Federal government announced $13.9 million in funding to create a voluntary isolation facility in Toronto. The facility is to be a rented-out hotel that is aimed at COVID-19 patients who cannot safely self-isolate from family members and roommates.[57]

On September 17, in response to growing provincial numbers, the Ontario government announced a reduction of social gathering size limits to 10 people indoors and 25 people outdoors in Toronto, Peel Region and Ottawa. Fines would be set at a minimum of $10,000 for the host and $750 for each participant involved in an illegal gathering. Most businesses, facilities, places of worship and events already practicing social distancing and face-covering protocols would be largely unaffected by the new rules.[58]

On September 23, the City cancelled all in-person public events for the remainder of 2020, including the Toronto Santa Claus Parade, Nuit Blanche, Cavalcade of Lights Festival and New Year's Eve celebrations.[59]

On September 25, the Ontario government announced that all bars, restaurants and nightclubs province-wide, effective September 26 would have an 11 pm last call and have to be completely closed by midnight. Additionally, all strip clubs would be closed indefinitely.[60]

On September 26, Toronto Public Health ordered three King Street bars and restaurants closed due to non-compliance of COVID-19 protocols including serving buffet-style food and being uncooperative with investigators. The three establishments are MARBL, King Taps and Casa Mezcal.[61]

On September 30, Toronto City Council approved further restrictions on bars and restaurants in the city. The restrictions include a reduction of capacity from 100 to 75 patrons indoors, a reduction of table seating from ten people to six and a limitation on the loudness of background music or sounds played in the establishment. The new bylaw restrictions went into effect on October 8.[62]

October

On October 2, Dr. Eileen de Villa recommended large closures in order to control the spread of the virus, especially relating to indoor dining in bars and restaurants. She announced that 44% of outbreaks in the city of Toronto were in bars and restaurants.[63][64]

According to a report by The Globe and Mail, Toronto Public Health on October 2 decided to suspend contact tracing efforts due to an overwhelming amount of new cases.[65]

On October 10, indoor dining in bars and restaurants was ordered closed along with the complete closure of gyms, movie theatres and casinos for 28 days by the provincial government in Toronto, Peel and Ottawa. The measures followed a continued uptick in new cases in hotspots in the province of Ontario.[66]

On October 19, outbreaks were announced at St. Joseph's Health Centre and Toronto Western Hospital.[67] On the same day, Ontario and Toronto government representatives recommended against trick-or-treating for Halloween.[68]

November

On November 3, the province unveiled a new colour-coded level system for individual public health units within the province, with Toronto proposed to moving to the Orange-level category.[69] Toronto will be moved from its current restriction level on November 14.[69]

On November 10, Toronto saw a record number of new infections with 533 new cases in 24 hours.[70][71] On the same day, it was announced Toronto would be moving to Red-level on November 14. The city enacted further, more stringent restrictions on top of the colour-code level. Indoor dining will remain closed for a minimum of 28 days, indoor fitness classes are banned, Gyms can reopen with a maximum of 10 people. Meeting, event spaces, casinos, bingo halls will remain closed. Indoor movie theatres are to remain closed as per Red-level guidelines.[71][72]

On November 20, Premier Ford announced Toronto and Peel would be placed on lockdown category according to the new response framework, effective November 23. Bars and restaurants would be restricted to take-out only, no private gatherings outside of one's household, cinemas and casinos remain closed, and all gyms must close. Non-essential retail will be shuttered, with curb-side pickup allowed, and sports and recreation activities must cease. The film and television industry can remain open under Control (red) level restrictions. Schools and childcare would remain open while post-secondary education would move into virtual learning (with exceptions for those that require in-person training).[73][74][75][76][77][78][79]

On November 24, in defiance of provincial orders, Adam Skelly, owner and operator of Adamson Barbecue opened his Etobicoke restaurant for indoor dining, currently disallowed under Lockdown orders. The previous day, Skelly had posted on social media informing his followers about the event. By the end of the day, Toronto Public Health had ordered the closure of the restaurant.[80] On November 25, Skelly once again opened his restaurant, inciting further charges against him. Protesters gathered, including members protesting against the lockdown. Before the morning of the 26th of November, Toronto Police Service moved to change the locks on his establishment, when Skelly managed to enter the building, and attempted to open his restaurant a third day.[81] Skelly was then arrested for attempting to obstruct police officers.[82] Skelly was released on a $50,000 bail[83] the following morning and required to stay 200 metres (660 ft) away from his businesses and to abstain from using social media. He faces more than 13 charges.[82] Neighbours of Adamson, like Great Lakes Brewery, were vocally against Skelly's protests and antics and complained that the police traffic affected their business. The owner argued that although business is affected by COVID-19 in the food and beverage industry, the restrictions are for the greater good.[83] Other critics of Skelly considered his three-day debacle to be an example of leniency of the police and an example of white privilege.[84]

December

On December 9, Health Canada approved the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for use in Canada.[85] The first doses of the vaccine in Ontario will be administered to healthcare workers in the University Health Network in Toronto and The Ottawa Hospital in Ottawa beginning December 14.[86]

In an effort to discourage gatherings on the holiday, Metrolinx (which operates GO Transit and Union Pearson Express) and the TTC announced the same day that they would not offer extended or free evening or overnight transit on New Year's Eve as they have done in past years.[87]

On December 14, as the first tranche of COVID-19 vaccines arrived, vaccinations began nationwide. Anita Quidangen, a Personal Support Worker from Toronto became the first person in Canada to receive a dose.[88][89]

On December 16, Toronto reported a record number of daily new cases with 850.[90]

January

On January 4, the City of Toronto announced they would be providing the public new data on workplace outbreaks of the virus, due to a growing concern.[91]

On January 8, UHN had announced the hospital system had run out of vaccines and had to wait until a shipment the following Monday.[92]

The City of Toronto announced the extension of event cancellations for all upcoming city-led and city-permitted events until at least March 31, 2021, which also included the cancellation of the St. Patrick's Day Parade, which was scheduled for March 14, 2021, becoming one of the first major events in Toronto to have been cancelled twice since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.[93]

On January 15, the City of Toronto announced all Long Term Care residents and staff in Toronto had received a COVID-19 vaccine.[94]

On January 18, the city's first mass vaccination clinic opened in the Metro Toronto Convention Centre.[95] The clinic was closed the next day due to shortages of vaccines caused by a manufacturing delay by Pfizer.[96]

On January 21, Toronto officials noted the basic reproduction number (R number) had dipped below R=1 for the first time in months, which would theoretically reduce the exponential spread of the virus.[97]

Government response
Sign posted at Toronto parks.

Toronto Mayor John Tory announced a local state of emergency on March 23, 2020.[98][99] On March 25, 2020, Mayor Tory announced the closure of park amenities, including playgrounds and tennis courts in the city.[100] High Park was closed from April 30 to May 10 to prevent mass gatherings of people to view the cherry blossoms.[101]

On June 30, city council voted to make masks or face coverings mandatory in enclosed public spaces.[51]

In late July, in anticipation of moving to Stage 3, city council made proposals to impose stronger safety measures compared to other Ontario regions.[102]

In November, Toronto launched a Practice Safe 6ix public education campaign targeted at 18–40 year old residents who might be "experiencing COVID-19 fatigue and who may have lost the sense of pandemic urgency."[103][104]

Toronto had previously had experience with an infectious disease crisis during the 2003 SARS outbreak. This helped healthcare providers, hospitals and public health prepare for another epidemic.[105][106][107]

Criticism
An anti-lockdown protest in front of the Ontario Legislative Building in Queen's Park, Toronto, April 25, 2020
See also: Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

Impact
See also: Toronto Transit Commission incidents § COVID-19 pandemic

The Toronto Transit Commission saw a decrease of 86% in ridership by May, with a monthly economic shortfall of CA$92 million and projected losses to culminate in $300 million by Labour Day.[108][109]

Police reported an uptick in stunt driving, street racing and speeding due to emptied roads and highways.[110] Toronto police confirmed they issued close to 3,000 speeding tickets between March 15 and March 31, an increase of 35% of normal ticketing.[3] On May 9, a 19-year old driver was arrested by the Ontario Provincial Police having clocked 308 km/h on the Gardiner Expressway and Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW), the highest recorded speed in Ontario history.[3]

On March 31, 2020, Mayor Tory announced a moratorium on all city-led major events and event permits be forbidden through at least June 30,[111] in order to prevent large public gatherings that would spread the virus. This has since been extended through March 31, 2021, with the possibility that it could be extended further through to the summer of 2021 or even later.[112][113][114]

Researchers in April 2020 warned physicians about the risks of overlooking the virus' impact on LGBT communities.[115] Securing demographic data about COVID-19's effect on racial minorities in Toronto was also a priority.[116]

Bars, restaurants and venues

With the initial government-ordered closure of bars and restaurants (except for takeout, drive-through and delivery services), many began to face steep financial woes and were forced to close permanently.[117][118]

Later, restaurants were initially granted patio seating and later limited dine-in seating. However, coupled with decreased revenue and months of shut down along with insurance and rent increases, many restaurants, bars and live music venues are expected to shut down permanently in coming months.[119]

Beginning October 10, 2020, provincial measures ordered the closure of indoor dining once again in the city of Toronto for a minimum of 28 days.[66] Toronto was then placed in the Lockdown category of the provincial response framework beginning November 23, 2020.[120]

Notable Closures

Sports
Further information: 2020 Toronto Blue Jays season, 2020–21 Toronto Raptors season, and 2020 Stanley Cup playoffs

Numerous Toronto-based professional sports teams are playing their home games in the United States to limit the spread of COVID-19 to Canada with the Toronto Blue Jays playing the majority of their home games in Sahlen Field in Buffalo, New York during the 2020 season and the Toronto Raptors playing their home games in Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida during the 2020–21 season. The Blue Jays and the Raptors are the sole Canadian teams in Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association, respectively.

In hockey, Toronto was one of two host cities for the 2020 Stanley Cup playoffs, beginning August 2020, along with the Rogers Arena in Edmonton. Other cities in the United States were passed over based on worsening numbers of COVID-19. The Toronto Maple Leafs were eliminated in qualifying rounds against the Columbus Blue Jackets. During the 2021 season, the Leafs play against the other Canadian teams in the temporary North Division during the regular season to reduce travel across the border.

Statistics
  • From July 6 to July 15, 2020, data was only reported on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays instead of daily.[122]
  • Previously identified infections that occurred in April and May were reported to Toronto Public Health by William Osler Health System on June 7, 2020.[123]
  • Duplicate records were removed on June 29, and July 29, 2020 after quality assurance reviews.[124]

Demographic distribution

Cases by age on September 20, 2020.[125]

Age range Cases % of Total
19 and under 1293 7.30%
20-29 2988 16.87%
30-39 2693 15.20%
40-49 2393 13.51%
50-59 2705 15.27%
60-69 1804 10.19%
70-79 1128 6.37%
80-89 1557 8.79%
90 and above 1115 6.30%
Unknown 36 0.20%

Key people

See also

References
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