Calafat

Calafat (Romanian pronunciation: [kalaˈfat] (listen)) is a city in Dolj County, southern Romania, in the region of Oltenia. It lies on the river Danube, opposite the Bulgarian city of Vidin, to which it is linked by the Calafat-Vidin Bridge, opened in 2013. After the destruction of the bridges of late antiquity, for centuries Calafat was connected with the southern bank of the Danube by boat and later on by ferryboat.

Calafat
Municipality
The monument commemorating the soldiers who fought in the War of Independence in 1877
Coat of arms
Calafat
Location in Romania
Coordinates: 43°59′09″N 22°57′27″E
Country Romania
CountyDolj
Government
 • MayorLucian Ciobanu (2016–present)[1] (PSD)
Population
 (2011)[2]
17,336
Time zoneEET/EEST (UTC+2/+3)
Vehicle reg.DJ

The city administers three villages: Basarabi, Ciupercenii Vechi and Golenți.

History

It was founded in the 14th century by Genoese colonists, who employed large numbers of workmen (Calafatis) in repairing ships. This industry gave the town its name.

In January 1854, during the Crimean War, when Russian forces were headed up the Danube, Ahmed Pasha, commanding the Turkish forces at Calafat, made a surprise attack on the temporary Russian garrison nearby Cetate, which was under the command of Colonel Alexander Baumgarten.[3] This diverted the initial Russian attack and allowed Ahmed Pasha to consolidate his forces in Calafat. On 28 January the Russians under the command of General Iosif Romanovich Anrep reached Calafat and began the siege which lasted until May. Riddled by disease and unable to take the town, Anrep withdrew.[4]

Calafat was declared a municipiu in 1997.[5]

Climate
Climate data for Calafat
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 3
(37)		 5
(41)		 12
(54)		 18
(64)		 23
(73)		 27
(81)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 24
(75)		 17
(63)		 10
(50)		 4
(39)		 17
(62)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1
(30)		 2
(36)		 6
(43)		 12
(54)		 18
(64)		 21
(70)		 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 18
(64)		 12
(54)		 6
(43)		 1
(34)		 12
(53)
Average low °C (°F) −4
(25)		 −3
(27)		 1
(34)		 6
(43)		 11
(52)		 15
(59)		 17
(63)		 16
(61)		 11
(52)		 7
(45)		 3
(37)		 −3
(27)		 6
(44)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.1
(1.50)		 43.2
(1.70)		 45.7
(1.80)		 48.3
(1.90)		 58.4
(2.30)		 66.0
(2.60)		 40.6
(1.60)		 33.0
(1.30)		 33.0
(1.30)		 38.1
(1.50)		 50.8
(2.00)		 48.3
(1.90)		 543.5
(21.4)
Source: weather.com[6]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1900 7,113—    
1912 7,608+7.0%
1930 7,633+0.3%
1948 8,251+8.1%
1956 8,069−2.2%
1966 9,483+17.5%
1977 15,568+64.2%
1992 20,445+31.3%
2002 21,227+3.8%
2011 16,247−23.5%
Source: Census data

Transport
Main article: New Europe Bridge
Calafat City Hall

Calafat lies on the river corridor VII-Danube and the pan-European corridor IV which starts in Germany and ends in Istanbul and Thessaloniki . The city is at crossroads of DN56, DN56A, DN55A and E79. The city of Calafat and its neighbour, Vidin (Bulgaria), are linked by bridge over the Danube in the area called Bașcov (Danube Bridge 2) built by the Spanish company FCC. The project of constructing a Danubian bridge in the area of Calafat-Vidin dates from the year 1925. Road traffic between Vidin and Calafat were doubling every year, so it became necessary to construct a bridge with four lanes of road traffic, a railway line, a lane two meters wide for bikes and a pavement for pedestrians. The bridge has a total length of 1,971 m and its costs are estimated about US$200 million. It was officially opened on 14 June 2013.[7]

Newspapers

Calafat has several city newspapers. One of them is called Ziarul De Calafat,[8] which is also maintained online; another is Calafat Live.[9]

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania

Twin towns — Sister cities

Calafat is twinned with:

References
  1. "Results of the 2016 local elections". Central Electoral Bureau. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  2. "Populaţia stabilă pe judeţe, municipii, oraşe şi localităti componenete la RPL_2011" (in Romanian). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  3. Jaques, Tony (2007) Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century: A-E Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, Volume 1, page 247 ISBN 0-313-33536-2
  4. Jaques, Tony (2007) Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century: A-E Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, Volume 1, page 184 ISBN 0-313-33536-2
  5. Comunele și orasele României, p. 448. Bucharest: Editura All Beck, 2005
  6. "Medii lunare pentru Calafat, Romania". weather.com. Retrieved 2013-07-07.
  7. Announcement of the Bulgarian president as published by Focus News Agency on 22 May 2013 (in Bulgarian), retrieved 31 May 2013
  8. "News" Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine Ziarul De Calafat
  9. http://www.calafat.ucoz.com
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