Capillary hemangioma

A capillary hemangioma (also known as an Infantile hemangioma,[1] Strawberry hemangioma,[2]:593 and Strawberry nevus[1]) is the most common variant of hemangioma which appears as a raised, red, lumpy area of flesh anywhere on the body, though 83% occur on the head or neck area.[3] These marks occur in about 10% of all births,[4]:81 and usually appear between one and four weeks after birth.[5] It may grow rapidly, before stopping and slowly fading. Some are gone by the age of 2, about 60% by 5 years, and 90–95% by 9 years.[5] Capillary hemangioma is a vascular anomaly.

Capillary hemangioma
A small hemangioma of infancy
SpecialtyOncology 

Capillary hemangiomas occur 5 times more often in female infants than in males, and mostly in Caucasian populations.[3][6] Additionally, low birthweight infants have a 26% chance of developing a hemangioma.[3][6]

It is the most common tumor of orbit and periorbital areas in childhood. It may occur in the skin, subcutaneous tissues and mucous membranes of oral cavities and lips as well as in the liver, spleen and kidneys. While this birthmark may be alarming in appearance, physicians generally counsel that it be left to disappear on its own, unless it is in the way of vision or blocking the nostrils.[5]

Diagnosis
Strawberry naevus, H&E stain

Liver

Capillary haemangiomas in the liver are found in 16% of all liver haemangiomas. Its sizes are usually less than 1 to 2 cm in diameter. It may show a "flash-filling" phenomenon in which there is the fast enhancement of the contrast material in the lesion instead of slow, centripetal, nodular filling of the lesions in usual haemangiomas. On CT and MRI, it shows rapid filling during arterial phase, with contrast retention in venous and delayed phases.[7]

Treatment

Oral propranolol appears to be the most effective treatment for reducing the size of capillary hemangiomas in children and is more effective than placebo, observation without intervention, or oral corticosteroids.[8]

See also

References
  1. Ronald P R, Jean L B, Joseph L J (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
  2. James W, Berger T, Elston D (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  3. "Hemangioma Information". Vascular Birthmark Foundation. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  4. Sadler TW (2009). Langman's Medical Embryology (11th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1-60547-656-8.
  5. "Birthmarks". Parenting and Child Health website. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  6. "Birthmarks". American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
  7. Thampy R, Elsayes KM, Menias CO, Pickhardt PJ, Kang HC, Deshmukh SP, et al. (November 2017). "Imaging features of rare mesenychmal liver tumours: beyond haemangiomas". The British Journal of Radiology. 90 (1079): 20170373. doi:10.1259/bjr.20170373. PMC 5963373. PMID 28766950.
  8. Chinnadurai S, Fonnesbeck C, Snyder KM, Sathe NA, Morad A, Likis FE, McPheeters ML (February 2016). "Pharmacologic Interventions for Infantile Hemangioma: A Meta-analysis". Pediatrics. 137 (2): e20153896. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3896. PMID 26772662.
Classification
External resources
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