Casamayoran

The Casamayoran (Spanish: Casamayorense) age is a period of geologic time (50.0–48.0 Ma) within the Early Eocene epoch of the Paleogene, used more specifically within the South American land mammal age (SALMA) classification. It follows the Itaboraian and precedes the Mustersan age.[1]

Several astrapotherian mammals are known from this period, such as Antarctodon and Albertogaudrya from Antarctica and Argentina, respectively. Albertogaudrya and Scaglia were the size of a sheep or a small tapir, hence among the larger mammals in South America at this time.[2]

Etymology

This age is named after the Casamayor Formation of the Golfo San Jorge Basin.

Formations

Locations of Casamayoran formations

Formation bold is type	Country	Basin	Notes
Casamayor Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	[3]
Abanico Formation	Chile	Abanico Basin	[4][5]
Bogotá Formation	Colombia	Altiplano Cundiboyacense	[6]
Cayara Formation	Bolivia	Cochabamba Department	[7]
Chota Formation	Peru	Bagua Basin	[8][9]
Los Cuervos Formation	Colombia	Cesar-Ranchería Basin	[10][11]
Fonseca Formation	Brazil	Fonseca Basin	[12]
Huitrera Formation	Argentina	Neuquén Basin	[13]
Laguna del Hunco Formation	Argentina	Cañadón Asfalto Basin	[14]
Lumbrera Formation	Argentina	Salta Basin	[15]
Maíz Gordo Formation	Argentina	Salta Basin	[16]
Quebrada de los Colorados Formation	Argentina	Salta Basin	[17][18]
Sarmiento Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	[19][20]

Fossils

Group	Fossils	Formation	Notes
Mammals	Florentinoameghinia mystica, Notopithecus adapinus, Notostylops murinus, Thomashuxleya sp., Trigonostylops sp., cf. Pleurostylodon sp.	Casamayor	[21][22]
	Antepithecus brachystephanus	Abanico	[23]
	cf. Camargomendesia indet.	Cayara	[7][24]
	Bonapartherium hinakusijum, Boreastylops lumbrerensis, Callistoe vincei, Campanorco inauguralis, Colbertia lumbrerense, Coquenia bondi, Dolichostylodon saltensis, Griphotherion peiranoi, Indalecia grandensis, Lumbreratherium oblitum, Pampahippus arenalesi, P. secundus, Pampatemnus deuteros, P. infernalis, Patene simpsoni, Prepidolops didelphoides, P. molinai, ?Albertogaudrya carahuasensis, Borhyaenoidea sp.	Lumbrera	[25][26] [27][28] [29][30] [31][32] [33][34] [35][36]
	Coloradolops cardonensis, Pampahippus powelli, Prostegotherium sp., cf. Utaetus sp., Dasypodidae indet., Leontiniidae indet., Toxodontia indet.	Quebrada de los Colorados	[37] [38][39] [40]
	Acropithecus rigidus, Adiantoides magnus, Amphidolops serrula,Anisolambda amel, A. fissidens, Asmithwoodwardia subtrigona, Coona gutierrezi, C. pattersoni, Didolodus minor, Edvardotrouessartia sola, Florentinoameghinia mystica, Henricosbornia lophodonta, Ideodelphys microscopicus, Isotemnus primitivus, Josepholeidya adunca, Maxschlosseria consumata, M. minuta, Notopithecus adapinus, Notostylops appressus, N. pendens, Pleurostylodon similis, Polydolops serra, P. thomasi, Ricardolydekkeria cf. praerupta, Scaglia kraglievichorum, Sparnotheriodon epsilonoides, Thomashuxleya externa, Transpithecus obtentus, Trigonostylops ?wortmani, Homalostylops sp., Patene sp., Albertogaudrya indet., Didolodontidae indet., Prostegotherium indet., Victorlemoinea indet.	Sarmiento	[41][42] [43][44] [45]
Birds	Telmabates antiquus, T. howardae	Sarmiento	[42]
Reptiles & amphibians	Loricata indet.	Cayara	[24]
	Pelomedusoides indet.	Los Cuervos	[46]
	Llankibatrachus truebae	Huitrera	[47]
	Shelania pascuali	Laguna del Hunco	[48]
	Ayllusuchus fernandezi, Lumbrerasaurus scagliai, Sebecus sp., Sebecosuchia indet.	Lumbrera	[29][49]
	Crocodylia indet., Testudinata indet.	Quebrada de los Colorados	[38]
	Chubutophis grandis, Gaffneylania auricularis, Niolamia argentina, Sebecus icaeorhinus, Waincophis australis	Sarmiento	[50] [41][42] [51]
Fishes	Erythrinidae indet., Serrasalmidae indet., Siluriformes indet.	Cayara	[7][24]
	cf. Carcharodon auriculatus, Carcharodon sp.	Casamayor	[52]
	Bachmannia chubutensis	Laguna del Hunco	[53]
	Gymnogeophagus eocenicus, Lepidosiren paradoxa, Proterocara argentina	Lumbrera	[54][55]
Insects	Duartia pulchella, Fonsecablatta patricioi, Fonsecacarabus placidus, Fonsecacicada mineira, Fonsecadalia perfectus, F. propinquus, Fonsecahymen stigmata, Spargotermes costalimai, Auchenorrhyncha indet., Curculionidae indet.	Fonseca	[56][57] [58][59]
	Catogenus punctatus, Inacayalestes aikunhuapi	Huitrera	[47][60]
Molluscs	Gibbula dalli, Jorgechlamys centralis, Ostrea ingens, Pecten proximus, Scalaria rugulosa, Turritella breantania	Casamayor	[52]
Brachiopods	Magellania lenticularis, Plicirhynchia plicigera, Tegulorhynchia squamosa, Terebratella dorsata, T. patagonica	Casamayor	[52]
Echinoids	Hypechinus patagonensis, Iheringiella patagonensis, Isechinus (Toxopneustes) praecursor, Linthia gaudryii, Platypygus (Cyrthoma) posthumus, Psammechinus iheringi, P. tournoueri, Schizaster ameghinoi	Casamayor	[52]
Pollen	Diporisporites elongatus, Gabonisporis vigourouxii, Jussitriporites menendezii, Liquidambarpollenites cf. brandonensis, Podocarpidites cf. marwickii, Retitriletes austroclavatidites, Smilacipites saltensis, Tricolpites lumbrerensis, T. cf. reticulatus, T. vulgaris, Verrustephanoporites simplex, Baculatisporites sp., Diporicellaesporites sp., Inapertisporites sp., Inaperturopollenites sp., Laevigatosporites sp., Nothopollenites sp., Pluricellaesporites sp., Rhoipites sp.	Lumbrera	[61]

References

1. Paleo Database: Casamayoran
2. Rose, 2006, p.236
3. Raigemborn et al., 2010, p.252
4. Godoy et al., 2012
5. Muñoz et al., 2006
6. Bayona et al., 2012, p.103
7. Marshall & Sempere, 1991, p.633
8. Chacaltana et al., 2015, p.2
9. Castro Medina, 2010, p.53
10. Hernández, 2003, p.47
11. Cadena & Schweitzer, 2014, p.461
12. Mendes et al., 2015, p.28
13. Escostegui & Franchi, 2010, p.420
14. Wilf et al., 2005, p.634
15. Del Papa, 2006, p.314
16. Narváez, 2009, p.24
17. Del Papa et al., 2013, p.59
18. Payrola Bosio et al., 2010, p.312
19. Dozo et al., 2014, p.241
20. Acosta & Tambussi, 2005, p.128
21. Oficina del Diablo at Fossilworks.org
22. Casamayor Bed 1 at Fossilworks.org
23. Azufre at Fossilworks.org
24. Wila Apacheta at Fossilworks.org
25. Herrera et al., 2017
26. Deraco & García López, 2015
27. Carahuasi at Fossilworks.org
28. Estancia Pampa Grande at Fossilworks.org
29. Estancia Pampa Grande East at Fossilworks.org
30. Estancia Pampa Grande Cachi River at Fossilworks.org
31. Estancia Pampa Grande Río Cachi at Fossilworks.org
32. El Simbolar at Fossilworks.org
33. Estrecho del Tonco at Fossilworks.org
34. Estancia Pampa Grande Toro Bordo at Fossilworks.org
35. Estancia Pampa Grande River Pablo at Fossilworks.org
36. Estancia Pampa Grande Pablo Bordo at Fossilworks.org
37. García López et al., 2017
38. Cerro Bayo at Fossilworks.org
39. Cerro Tin Tin at Fossilworks.org
40. Valle del Tonco at Fossilworks.org
41. Valle Hermoso at Fossilworks.org
42. Cañadón Hondo Bird Clay at Fossilworks.org
43. Tapera de López 1 at Fossilworks.org
44. Cañadón Vaca at Fossilworks.org
45. Cañadón Vaca faunule 1 at Fossilworks.org
46. Calenturitas Coal Mine at Fossilworks.org
47. Pampa de Jones at Fossilworks.org
48. Cañadon del Hunco at Fossilworks.org
49. Mina Aguilar at Fossilworks.org
50. Sterli et al., 2015
51. Cerro Verde at Fossilworks.org
52. Casamayor Bed 3 at Fossilworks.org
53. Laguna del Hunco at Fossilworks.org
54. Alemania at Fossilworks.org
55. Casa Grande at Fossilworks.org
56. Fonseca village at Fossilworks.org
57. Fonseca village 2 at Fossilworks.org
58. Fonseca village 3 at Fossilworks.org
59. Mendes et al., 2015, p.32
60. Estancia Don Hipólito at Fossilworks.org
61. Fajas Verdes I & II at Fossilworks.org

Bibliography

General

• Rose, Kenneth David. 2006. The beginning of the age of mammals, 236. Accessed 2019-02-14.

Casamayor Formation

• Raigemborn, María Sol; Javier M. Krause; Eduardo Bellosi, and Sergio D. Matheos. 2010. Redefinición estratigráfica del Grupo Río Chico (Paleógeno Superior), en el norte de la Cuenca del Golfo San Jorge, Chubut. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 239–256. Accessed 2017-10-18.
• Raigemborn, María Sol. 2008. Estudio estratigráfico, sedimentológico y composicional de las sedimentitas del Terciário inferior (Grupo Rio Chico) en el sector sudoriental del Chubut Extraandino (PhD thesis), 11–58. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Accessed 2017-10-18.

Abanico Formation

• Bradham, Jennifer; John J. Flynn; Darin A. Croft, and Andre R. Wyss. 2015. New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile. American Museum Novitates 3841. 1–24. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Croft, Darin A.; John J. Flynn, and André R. Wyss. 2008. The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 66. 191–211. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Engelman, Russell K.; John J. Flynn; Philip Gans; André R. Wyss, and Darin A. Croft. 2018. Chlorocyon phantasma, a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile. American Museum Novitates 3918. 1–22. Accessed 2019-02-11.
• Godoy, Estanislao. 2012. Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 69. 570–577. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Muñoz, Marcia; Francisco Fuentes; Mario Vergara; Luis Aguirre; Jan Olov Nyström; Gilbert Féraud, and Alain Demant. 2006. Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S). Revista Geológica de Chile 33. 109–140. Accessed 2017-08-15.

Bogotá Formation

• Bloch, Jonathan Ivan; Edwin Cadena; Alexander Hastings; Aldo F. Rincón, and Carlos Jaramillo. 2008. Vertebrate faunas from the Paleocene Bogotá Formation of northern Colombia (Abstract). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 68th Annual Meeting. _. Accessed 2017-03-29.
• Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo. 1992. Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, 1–20. Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros.
• Montoya Arenas, Diana María, and Germán Alfonso Reyes Torres. 2005. Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, 1–104. INGEOMINAS.

Cayara Formation

• Marshall, Larry G., and Thierry Sempere. 1991. The Eocene to Pleistocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphic context: A review. Revista técnica de YPFB 12. 631–652. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Renner, Sven, and Carlos Velasco. 2000. Geología e hidrogeología del Valle Central de Cochabamba - Geology and hydrogeology of the Central Valley of Cochabamba, 1–113. Convenio alemán-boliviano de aguas subterraneas (CABAS) - German-Bolivian Agreement on Groundwater (CABAS). Accessed 2018-09-04.
• Rocha, Emilio. 2013. Estilos estructurales del Subandino Sur de Bolivia (PhD thesis), 1–204. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Accessed 2018-09-10.

Chota Formation

• Castro Medina, Walter Fidel. 2010. Geología, informe temático. Proyecto Zonificación Ecológica y Económica del departamento de Amazonas, 1–76. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP). Accessed 2018-09-04.
• Chacaltana, César; Alexandra Lucytania Benites Cañote; Waldir Valdivia, and Marco Chumpitaz. 2014. La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, 1–4. Congreso Peruano de Geología. Accessed 2017-08-15.

Los Cuervos Formation

• Cadena, Edwin A., and Mary H. Schweitzer. 2014. A Pelomedusoid Turtle from the Paleocene–Eocene of Colombia Exhibiting Preservation of Blood Vessels and Osteocytes. Journal of Herpetology 48. 461–465. Accessed 2019-02-12.

Fonseca Formation

• Mendes, Márcio; Francisco Irineudo Bezerra de Oliveira, and Saulo Limaverde. 2015. Um novo gênero e duas novas espécies de Pergidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) na Formação Fonseca (Bacia de Fonseca, Paleógeno) Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista de Geologia 28. 27–36. Accessed 2018-09-10.

Huitrera Formation

• Escosteguy, Leonardo, and Mario Franchi. 2010. Estratigrafía de la región de Chapelco, Provincia del Neuquén. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 66. 418–429. Accessed 2018-09-10.

Laguna del Hunco Formation

• Wilf, Peter; Kirk R. Johnson; N. Rubén Cúneo; M. Elliot Smith; Bradley S. Singer, and Maria A. Gandolfo. 2005. Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina. The American Naturalist 135. 634–650. Accessed 2017-10-26.

Lumbrera Formation

• Deraco, Virginia, and Daniel A. García López. 2015. A new Eocene Toxodontia (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from northwestern Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36. e1037884. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Herrera, Claudia M. R.; Jaime E. Powell; Graciela I. Esteban, and Cecilia Del Papa. 2017. A New Eocene Dasypodid with Caniniforms (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Northwest Argentina. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24. 275–288. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Del Papa, Cecilia E. 2006. Estratigrafía y paleoambientes de la Formación Lumbrera, Grupo Salta, Noroeste argentino. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 61. 313–327. Accessed 2017-08-15.

Maíz Gordo Formation

• Narváez, Paula Liliana. 2009. Palinoestratigrafía, paleoambientes y cambios climáticos durante el Cretácico final y Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Grupo Salta, República Argentina (PhD thesis), 1–229. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Accessed 2017-10-18.

Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation

• Chornogubsky, Laura; A. Natalia Zimicz; Francisco J. Goin; Juan C. Fernicola; Patricio Payrola, and Magalí Cárdenas. 2018. New Palaeogene metatherians from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province, Argentina). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology Online edition. 1–17. Accessed 2018-10-01.
• García López, Daniel A.; Virginia Deraco, and Cecilia Del Papa. 2017. Fossil mammals of the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation (late middle Eocene) at the locality of La Poma, Salta Province, Argentina. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 30. 507–517. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Del Papa, Cecilia et al.. 2013. Relaciones estratigráficas de las formaciones Quebrada de Los Colorados y Angastaco (Paleógeno-Neógeno), Valles Calchaquíes, Salta (Argentina): Significado en el análisis de la cuenca del Grupo Payogastilla. Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 20. 51–64. Accessed 2018-09-10.
• Payrola Bosio, Patricio Augusto; Cecilia del Papa; Fernando Hongn, and Jaime Powell. 2010. Estratigrafía del Valle de Luracatao (Valle Calchaquí, Noroeste Argentino): Nueva propuesta. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 67. 309–318. Accessed 2018-09-07.

Sarmiento Formation

• Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina, and Claudia Tambussi. 2005. Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina]. Revista Española de Paleontología 20. 127–132. Accessed 2018-09-10.
• Arnal, Michelle; Alejandro G. Kramarz; M. Guiomar Vucetich, and E. Carolina Vieytes. 2014. A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34. 397–406. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Cheme Arriaga, Lucas; María Teresa Dozo, and Javier N. Gelfo. 2016. A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36. e1229672. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Dozo, María Teresa; Martín Ciancio; Pablo Bouza, and Gastón Martínez. 2014. Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas. Andean Geology 41. 224–247. Accessed 2017-08-15.
• Sterli, Juliana; Marcelo S. De la Fuente, and J. Marcelo Krause. 2015. A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174. 519–548. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Vucetich, M.G.; M.T. Dozo; M. Arnal, and M.E. Pérez. 2015. New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27. 236–257. Accessed 2019-02-13.
• Vucetich, María G.; María E. Pérez; Martín R. Ciancio; Alfredo A. Carlini; Richard H. Madden, and Matthew J. Kohn. 2014. A new acaremyid rodent (Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea) from Scarritt Pocket, Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34. 689–698. Accessed 2019-02-12.
• Wyss, André R.; John J. Flynn, and Darin A. Croft. 2018. New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3903. 1–42. Accessed 2019-02-11.