Centrolophus

The black ruff (Centrolophus niger) is a medusafish, the only member of the genus Centrolophus. It is a bathypelagic fish found in all tropical and temperate oceans at depths of 50 to 1,000 m (160 to 3,280 ft). Its length is typically up to 60 cm (24 in), but it may reach 150 cm (60 in). Other common names include rudderfish and blackfish.

Black ruff
Drawing by Dr Tony Ayling
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scombriformes
Family: Centrolophidae
Genus: Centrolophus
Lacépède, 1802
Species:
C. niger
Binomial name
Centrolophus niger
(J. F. Gmelin, 1789)
Synonyms[2]
  • Acentrolophus maculosus Nardo, 1827
  • Centrolophodes irvini Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1923
  • Centrolophus liparis Risso, 1827
  • Centrolophus maoricus Ogilby, 1893
  • Centrolophus morio Cuvier, 1833
  • Centrolophus pompilus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Centrolophus valenciennesi Moreau, 1881
  • Coryphaena pompilus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Gymnocephalus messinensis Cocco, 1829
  • Mupus bifasciatus Smith, 1961
  • Perca nigra Gmelin, 1789
  • Schedophilus elongatus Johnson, 1862

Description

The black ruff has a robust fusiform body shape. Its maximum length is 150 cm (60 in) but a more common length is 60 cm (24 in). The dorsal fin has five spines and 37 to 41 soft rays, the anal fin has three spines and 20 to 24 soft rays. The bases of these fins have a fleshy sheath clad with scales that partially conceals the rays. The head is grey and the body colour violet-black, dark brown or purplish, with a paler belly. The fins are darker than the body colour. Sometimes there are indistinct spots or a marbled pattern.[2][3]

Distribution and habitat

The black ruff is known from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, where its range extends from Nova Scotia to Massachusetts, the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea; also from the southeastern Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, its range including South Africa and Australia and New Zealand, as well as the Southern Ocean. It is a bathypelagic fish with a depth range of 40 to 1,050 m (130 to 3,440 ft), but is usually found within the range 300 to 700 m (1,000 to 2,300 ft). It is largely absent from the tropics.[2] It is occasionally found in the waters around the British Isles where it has been recorded off County Galway, County Donegal and the Scilly Isles. In 1901, a specimen was caught in a salmon net in the Firth of Forth and was presented to the Edinburgh Museum.[3]

Ecology

Juvenile fish live in surface waters but adults live at greater depths where they may form small schools. The diet consists mainly of small fish, squid, large crustaceans, and any other animals that may be encountered in mid-ocean.[2]

References
  • "Centrolophus niger". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
  • Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand, (William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1982) ISBN 978-0-00-216987-5
  1. Iwamoto, T. (2015). "Centrolophus niger". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T198571A21914161. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198571A21914161.en.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). "Centrolophus niger" in FishBase. February 2018 version.
  3. Jenkins, J. Travis (1925). The Fishes of the British Isles. Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 69–70.
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