Cetiocaridae

Cetiocaridae (meaning "whale shrimp") is a clade of radiodont, extinct stem-group arthropods. The group was named after the Bearded Ceticaris (Cetimimus barbus)[1] in the speculative paleoart book All Your Yesterdays by John Meszaros.[2] In later studies the group was renamed as a radiodont family Tamisiocarididae.[3][4]

Cetiocaridae
Frontal appendages of Anomalocaris briggsi and Tamisiocaris borealis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: †Dinocaridida
Order: †Radiodonta
Suborder: †Anomalocarida
Clade: †Cetiocaridae
Vinther et al., 2014

Description

Like most radiodonts, cetiocarids have spiny frontal appendages. However, in this family the auxiliary spines are fine and densely-arranged, which are modified for use in filter feeding like modern basking sharks and mysticete whales. For example, Tamisocaris is estimated to have fed on prey roughly a millimeter in size.[5]

Classification
Radiodonta
 

Caryosyntrips

 
Anomalocarida
 
 

Anomalocarididae

 
 

Amplectobeluidae

 
 
 
Tamisiocarididae
 

'Anomalocaris' briggsi

 
 

Tamisiocaris borealis

 
 
 

Hurdiidae

 
 
 
 
Phylogenetic relationships of Tamisiocarididae[5]

Tamisiocarididae was originally named Cetiocaridae. In the 2013 speculative paleoart book All Your Yesterdays, paleoartist John Meszaros depicted a hypothetical filter-feeding anomalocaridid he named "Ceticaris". This artwork inspired the name of Cetiocaridae.[5] However, as no genus "Cetiocaris" actually exists, the name Cetiocaridae does not comply with article 29 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and is invalid.[6] The family Tamisiocarididae was subsequently devised as a replacement name for the clade.[7] Cetiocaridae was originally defined phylogenetically as all species more closely related to Tamisiocaris borealis than to Anomalocaris canadensis, Amplectobelua symbrachiata, or Hurdia victoria.[5]

Species of Tamisiocarididae
Species Describers Year Named Age Location Frontal Appendage
Anomalocaris briggsi Nedin 1995 Cambrian Stage 4  Australia
Tamisiocaris borealis Daley & Peel 2010 Cambrian Stage 3  Greenland

Distribution

Tamisocaridid fossils have been found in the Emu Bay Shale of Australia, Sirius Passet lagerstätte of Greenland, and Kinzers Formation of the United States.[7] Their fossils date to stage 3 and stage 4 of the Cambrian.

References
  1. "Bearded Ceticaris by NocturnalSea on DeviantArt". www.deviantart.com. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
  2. Kosemen CM (2013). All Your Yesterdays. Irregular Books. p. 74.
  3. Lerosey-Aubril R, Pates S (September 2018). "New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 3774. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. PMC 6138677. PMID 30218075.
  4. Pates S, Daley AC, Butterfield NJ (2019-06-11). "First report of paired ventral endites in a hurdiid radiodont". Zoological Letters. 5 (1): 18. doi:10.1186/s40851-019-0132-4. PMC 6560863. PMID 31210962.
  5. Vinther J, Stein M, Longrich NR, Harper DA (March 2014). "A suspension-feeding anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian" (PDF). Nature. 507 (7493): 496–9. doi:10.1038/nature13010. PMID 24670770.
  6. Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2015). "Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps". Nature. 522 (7554): 77–80. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
  7. Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C. (2019). "The Kinzers Formation (Pennsylvania, USA): the most diverse assemblage of Cambrian Stage 4 radiodonts". Geological Magazine. 156 (07): 1233–1246. doi:10.1017/S0016756818000547.
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