Charlie Crist

Charles Joseph Crist Jr. (/krɪst/; born July 24, 1956) is an American politician and lawyer who has been the U.S. Representative from Florida's 13th congressional district since 2017. The district is based in Pinellas County, including St. Petersburg. He served as the 44th governor of Florida from 2007 to 2011.

Charlie Crist
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's 13th district
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 2017
Preceded by	David Jolly
44th Governor of Florida
In office January 2, 2007 – January 4, 2011
Lieutenant	Jeff Kottkamp
Preceded by	Jeb Bush
Succeeded by	Rick Scott
35th Attorney General of Florida
In office January 7, 2003 – January 2, 2007
Governor	Jeb Bush
Preceded by	Richard E. Doran
Succeeded by	Bill McCollum
21st Education Commissioner of Florida
In office January 3, 2001 – January 7, 2003
Governor	Jeb Bush
Preceded by	Tom Gallagher
Succeeded by	Jim Horne
Member of the Florida Senate from the 20th district
In office November 3, 1992 – November 3, 1998
Preceded by	Constituency redistricted
Succeeded by	Jim Sebesta
Personal details
Born	Charles Joseph Crist Jr. July 24, 1956 Altoona, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party	Democratic (2012–present)
Other political affiliations	Republican (before 2010) Independent (2010–2012)
Spouse(s)	Amanda Morrow ​ ​ (m. 1979; div. 1980)​ Carole Oumano ​ ​ (m. 2008; div. 2017)​
Education	Wake Forest University Florida State University (BA) Samford University (JD)
Signature
Website	House website

Crist began his political career as a Republican, serving in the Florida Senate from 1993 to 1999, running unsuccessfully against incumbent Bob Graham for the U.S. Senate in 1998 and then serving as Florida Education Commissioner from 2001 to 2003 and Florida Attorney General from 2003 to 2007, before being elected governor in 2006.

After initially leading in the 2010 Senate race for the Republican nomination, Crist was overtaken in the polls by Marco Rubio when the state GOP committee decided not to fund his reelection bid, and in April 2010 Crist left the Republican Party to run as an independent.[1] In the general election he lost to Rubio in a three-way race, taking 30% of the vote to Rubio's 49% and Democratic nominee Kendrick Meek's 20%. Crist's term as governor ended in January 2011.

On December 7, 2012, Crist joined the Democratic Party, having endorsed President Barack Obama for reelection in 2012.[2] On November 1, 2013, he announced that he was running for governor in the 2014 election.[3] He was defeated by Governor Rick Scott, Crist's successor, by a 1% margin.[4][5] In 2016, Crist was elected to Congress from his home district, the 13th, defeating incumbent Republican David Jolly, 52%-48%.[6] Crist is the only former governor serving in the House.

Early life and education

Crist was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania,[7] on July 24, 1956, to Charles Joseph Crist, an American physician of Greek Cypriot and Lebanese descent,[8] and Nancy (née Lee), of Scots-Irish, Swiss, and Welsh descent.[8][9] His family name is adapted from the original Greek name "Christodoulos."[10]

Crist as backup QB for Wake Forest during the 1974-75 season

As a child, Crist moved to St. Petersburg, Florida, where he attended Riviera Middle School and St. Petersburg High School, from which he graduated in 1974. He is the second of four children and has three sisters: Margaret Crist Wood, Elizabeth Crist Hyden, and Catherine Crist Kennedy. He attended Wake Forest University for two years. While at Wake Forest, Crist was a walk-on quarterback for the Demon Deacons[11] during his freshman and sophomore years, before transferring to Florida State University in Tallahassee. Crist earned his undergraduate degree from Florida State, where he was elected vice president of the student body and became a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He received his J.D. from Samford University Cumberland School of Law.[12][13]

Early career

After graduating from Cumberland School of Law in 1981, and passing the bar on his third attempt,[14] Crist was hired as general counsel to Minor League Baseball, which was headquartered in St. Petersburg. Drawn to politics, Crist was a candidate for public office for the first time in 1986, in the Republican primary for a state Senate seat in Pinellas County. After losing in a runoff, Crist joined his brother-in-law in private practice in St. Petersburg, but soon returned to politics as an aide on the successful 1988 United States Senate campaign of Connie Mack III, whom he has since described as his political mentor.[15]

Florida Senate

Crist as a Florida State Senator

In 1992, Crist was elected to a two-year term to the Florida Senate from the 20th district, which encompassed parts of St. Petersburg and south Tampa.[16] He defeated longtime incumbent Democratic State Senator Helen Gordon Davis of Tampa, 58.3 to 41.7%.[17][18] Crist was able to unseat Gordon Davis following the 1992 decennial redistricting process, which significantly reconfigured the districts in the Tampa Bay area.[17] His victory was credited with helping to end the Democratic Party's 128-year control of the Florida Senate, as the Republicans netted three seats in 1992, resulting in a 20–20 tie between the parties.[17]

Crist was known as a law-and-order senator, sponsoring legislation requiring inmates to serve at least 85% of their sentences before becoming eligible for parole.[7] He supported teacher salary increases, charter schools, and a specialty license plate for Everglades conservation.[16] With Crist as chairman, the Senate Ethics and Elections Committee investigated actions of then-governor Lawton Chiles amid allegations that Chiles's campaign had made "scare calls" to senior citizens days before the 1994 gubernatorial election. Chiles testified before the committee and admitted that his campaign had made the calls.[7][15]

In 1994, Crist was reelected to a four-year term in the Senate, defeating Democrat Dana Lynn Maley with 63.3% of the vote.[19]

Florida Education Commissioner

Crist gained recognition in 1998 as the Republican challenger to incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Bob Graham. He lost to Graham by 26 percentage points.[20] In 2000 he was elected Education Commissioner of Florida, a position he held until it became an appointive office in 2003, as the result of a 1998 constitutional amendment.[15] Crist left his position after he was elected attorney general.

Florida Attorney General

In 2002 Crist was elected Florida Attorney General. His candidacy was supported by the host of America's Most Wanted, John Walsh. Walsh and other supporters cited his work with the Center for Missing and Exploited Children.

Civil rights and consumer groups praised Crist for expanding the attorney general's powers during his time in office. These powers enabled him and future attorneys general to have greater power to prosecute civil rights and fraud cases. Crist also worked to combat spam e-mail, freeze utility rates, end telecom deception, and protect the environment.[7][21]

Governor of Florida

Crist's official portrait as Governor

Having won the 2006 election, Crist was inaugurated as governor of Florida on January 2, 2007. He was involved in the state's purchase of sugar plantations. He also worked on education, with Florida rising into the top 10 states for K12 education under his control.[22]

Fiscal policies

Crist supported President Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, a stimulus package in response to the Great Recession.[23][24][25] Fellow Republicans were angered by Crist's support for the stimulus.[26]

Crist called the act a "godsend",[27] maintaining that it had saved the jobs of nearly 20,000 Florida schoolteachers and other school workers in 2009-2010.[28]

Capital punishment

As governor, Crist supported capital punishment.[29]

Gun rights

In 2008, Crist signed a provision preventing employers from prohibiting employees to bring firearms to the workplace, as long as the weapons are secure and the employees have a concealed carry license.[30][31]

Abortion

Crist's stance on abortion has been unclear at times.[32] In 1995, while in the Florida Senate, Crist joined with two Democrats in the Senate Health Care Committee in voting against a proposal for a mandatory 24-hour waiting period before a woman could have an abortion, resulting in a 3-3 tie vote and the bill's defeat.[32] In 1998, while running for the U.S. Senate, Crist wrote in a Tampa Bay Times questionnaire that "I believe that a woman has the right to choose, but would prefer only after careful consideration and consultation with her family, her physician and her clergy; not her government."[32] In a debate that year he said he did not support a constitutional amendment banning abortion.[32] In 2006, while running for governor, Crist said he did not support overturning Roe v. Wade and opposed a mandatory 24-hour waiting period before a woman could have an abortion.[32]

In 2010, while running for the U.S. Senate again, Crist said he would "fight for pro-life legislative efforts" and described himself as "pro-life."[33] By March 2010, however, as rumors swirled that he would leave the Republican Party and become an independent, Crist reiterated that he did not support overturning Roe v. Wade and told a Christian Family Coalition group, "We ought to, instead of change laws, change hearts."[34]

In June 2010, after leaving the Republican Party and becoming an independent, Crist removed anti-abortion language from his website.[35] Shortly thereafter he vetoed a bill to require women seeking abortions to pay for and receive an ultrasound, calling the measure "punitive" and "almost mean-spirited."[33][35] The bill also included language barring abortion coverage "under a contract toward which any tax credit or cost-sharing credit is applied."[36] Legislative Republicans and anti-abortion groups said his language was aimed at preventing "what they considered the possibility of federal funding being used for abortion in Florida,"[35][36] while abortion rights groups said the broadly written provision would have resulted "in hundreds of thousands of women losing health care coverage that they currently have."[36] The bill Crist vetoed also included some provisions "intended to thwart" the Affordable Care Act, the federal health care reform legislation championed by President Obama.[35]

Same-sex marriage and LGBT issues

In 2006, as a proposed state constitutional amendment banning same-sex unions was headed to the ballot in Florida, Crist said that such an amendment was unnecessary because state law already barred same-sex marriages.[37] But in September 2005 Crist had signed a petition for the amendment during the Republican primary at the Christian Coalition's request.[37][38] Crist said in campaign materials at the time that he supported "traditional marriage."[37] In 2008 Crist said he voted for the amendment, which passed.[37]

In a debate and a radio talk show appearance in 2006, Crist indicated support for civil unions.[38] In 2010, after becoming an independent during the U.S. Senate race, he declared his support for civil unions encompassing "the full range of legal protections" including "access to a loved one in the hospital, inheritance rights, the fundamental things people need to take care of their families."[38] It is unclear whether the 2008 state constitutional amendment Crist supported would have prohibited such civil unions.[38]

As governor Crist deemphasized the marriage issue, saying in a late 2007 CNN appearance, "It's not an issue that moves me. I'm just a live and let live kind of guy", and telling the Orlando Sentinel in 2008 that the issue was not "top-tier" for him.[37][38]

Crist initially supported Florida's ban on same-sex adoption, which had been in place since 1977.[39] He publicly expressed support for the ban from the time he was attorney general in 2006 to his campaign for the U.S. Senate in 2010, even after some state legislators proposed dropping the ban in 2007. In 2008, in the case of In re Gill, a Miami-Dade judge struck down the ban as unconstitutional.[39] As the case proceeded through appeals, Crist expressed support for the ban as late as February 2010,[39] but by June 2010 expressed openness to changing Florida law to allow same-sex adoption, saying a better approach "would be to let judges make that decision on a case-by-case basis."[39][40]

In September 2010 Crist said that he had had an "appropriate evolution" on gay rights and was considering dropping the state's appeal of the court ruling striking down Florida's ban on gay adoption.[41] Days later, after an appeals court struck down the ban, Crist hailed the ruling "a very good day for Florida" and "a great day for children" and announced that the state would no longer seek to enforce the ban.[39] In a Senate candidates' debate the next month he attributed his shift in positions to "the convergence of life experience and wisdom," saying that he had become more tolerant and become less judgmental with age.[39]

In January 2014 Crist apologized for his support for the 2008 same-sex marriage ban and for the same-sex adoption ban, telling an Orlando LGBT publication, "I'm sorry I did that. It was a mistake. I was wrong. Please forgive me."[42][43][44]

Environmental work

In June 2008 Crist proposed that Florida buy 187,000 acres (76,000 ha) from the United States Sugar Corporation for $1.2 billion. The purchase would remove about 187,000 acres of sugar farming for restoration efforts. In front of supporters in Palm Beach County, Crist called the deal "as monumental as our nation's first national park."[45] Economic changes forced the purchase to be reduced to 73,000 acres (30,000 ha) of sugar and citrus plantations for Everglades restoration projects.[46][47][48][49]

Crist announced plans to sign executive orders to impose strict air pollution standards in Florida, with an aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% of 1990 levels by 2050.[50] In his gubernatorial campaign Crist opposed offshore oil drilling. He altered that position in June 2008, when oil reached peak prices, saying, "I mean, let's face it, the price of gas has gone through the roof, and Florida families are suffering, and my heart bleeds for them."[51]

Other issues

After claims that computerized voting machines undercounted votes in black communities, Crist endorsed legislation requiring paper records of all ballots cast in elections. He supported a tax cut to total $25 billion over a 5-year period aimed at property tax relief.[52]

In April 2010 Crist vetoed an education bill that would have linked teacher pay to test scores, a piece of legislation conservatives strongly supported.[53]

Crist supported increased regulation of the insurance industry, including property insurance rates (in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina) and health insurance. The Citizen's Property Insurance Corp and the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund had been described as risky and underfunded. Standing next to former football star Dan Marino (whose son, Michael, is autistic and inspired the Dan Marino Foundation[54]), Crist signed a law expanding health coverage statewide for autism disorders and legislation expanding low-income coverage and creating public and private insurance options in Florida.[55][56][57][58][59][60]

Fundraising controversies

In February 2006, Crist attended a fundraiser at Mar-A-Lago, hosted by Donald Trump, with guests paying $500 to attend. Two of the guests became subjects of controversy.[61]

One, Volodymyr Shcherban, was a Ukrainian government official who had recently fled his country after being charged with corruption.[62][63] The other, Russell Whitney, was a businessman from Cape Coral, Florida, who at the time was under investigation by Crist's office (and two of whose businesses had previously made the maximum allowable $500 contribution to Crist's campaign).[64] Crist subsequently returned $1,000 to Whitney's businesses, and determined that Shcherban's entry fee had been paid by another guest.[65]

In 2009, Crist saw the man he had chosen as Florida GOP finance chairman, his former fraternity brother oil magnate Harry Sargeant III, forced to step down.[66] One of Sargeant's employees, Ala'a al-Ali of the Dominican Republic, was indicted in Los Angeles for organizing $5,000 in illegal campaign contributions to Crist, as well as $50,000 to presidential candidates Hillary Clinton, John McCain and Rudy Giuliani.[67]

Role in the 2008 presidential election

Crist in Brazil, 2007

Senator John McCain endorsed Crist's 2006 campaign for governor, traveling the state to campaign with him. The day before the general election, Crist held a campaign event with McCain in Jacksonville. Later, when the Republican Presidential primary debates were held in St. Petersburg, Crist embraced McCain. Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who had also campaigned for Crist during the gubernatorial election, had sought his endorsement.[68][69][70][71]

In May 2007 Crist signed a bill moving the date of Florida's presidential primary to January 29, 2008, contrary to national political party rules.[72] Crist joined Michigan governor Jennifer Granholm in asking that their states' delegates be seated. Both national conventions ended up seating all delegates, but with only a half vote each for the sanctioned states.[73][74][75][76]

On January 26, 2008, Crist endorsed McCain in the Republican primary.[77] McCain won the Florida primary by five percentage points.[78]

On October 28, 2008, Crist extended early voting hours of operation and declared that a "state of emergency exists" due to record voter turnout and resultant hours-long waits at locations throughout the state.[79][80]

On November 12–14, 2008, Crist hosted the Republican Governors Association (RGA) annual meeting in Miami. Held the week after the Democratic Party victories in the 2008 election,[81] there was speculation about the meeting's tone. Then Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, the defeated 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee, was a featured participant and speaker.

Crist's speech at the RGA conference, "Listen to the Voters and Serve", included his sentiments on how the GOP should evolve:

This party can no longer hope to reach Hispanics, African Americans and other minority groups – we need to just do it. Embracing cultures and lifestyles will make us a better party and better leaders. This desire for inclusiveness is near and dear to my heart ... Last week, the American people made a choice and this week, if we choose to call ourselves leaders, if we truly endeavor to serve with a servant's heart for the people who count on us, then we too must work together, listen to one another and learn from the leaders who made the kind of history the American people deserve.[82]

Crist held a joint interview with Governor Mark Sanford of South Carolina in which they discussed the split in the Republican Party over where to direct the party's efforts to gain more voters.[83]

2010 Senate campaign

On May 12, 2009, Crist announced that he would not run for reelection as governor in 2010, making him the first Florida governor not to run for reelection since 1964.[84] Instead he ran for the US Senate. His two main opponents were former Florida House Speaker Marco Rubio,[85][86] and Democratic nominee Kendrick Meek.[87]

Crist was initially the front-runner in the Republican primary, but later trailed Rubio in polls.[88][89]

Crist announced his intent to run as an unaffiliated candidate in the 2010 senate election, while at the same time, according to a press release from his campaign, he remained a registered Republican.[90] Crist officially changed his registration status to "non party affiliated" on May 13, 2010. He did not return campaign contributions made while he was a Republican.[91][92] Crist lost the general election, receiving 29.7% of the vote to Rubio's 48.9% and Meek's 20.2%.[93]

In April 2011, as part of a settlement of a copyright lawsuit brought by musician David Byrne, Crist apologized for his Senate campaign's use of Byrne's song "Road to Nowhere" without permission.[94][95]

By the spring of 2015 there was speculation that Crist would seek the Democratic nomination for Florida's 2016 senate race. This would have been his third run for the seat (he lost in 1998 and 2010). In March 2015 Crist said he would not seek the nomination. That same month he endorsed U.S. Congressman Patrick Murphy's Senate candidacy.

Break from politics (2011–2014)

In January 2011 Crist joined the Tampa office of national personal injury law firm Morgan & Morgan after expressing an interest in returning to the legal field during his final week in office as governor of Florida. Crist worked primarily in the firm's class-action sector as a complex-litigation attorney, serving as a "rainmaker" for the firm.[96] In November 2016, after almost six years with the firm, he was elected to represent Florida's 13th congressional district.[97] In February 2018 Brad Slager of Sunshine State News cited evidence that Morgan & Morgan was "attempting to purge all evidence" of its relationship with Crist now that he was a "rookie congressman" with "little-to-no power."[98]

In 2013 Crist performed paid consulting work for Coastal Construction, a Miami-based construction firm owned by Crist's longtime friend Tom Murphy, the father of former U.S. Representative Patrick Murphy.[96]

Crist has been a part-time guest lecturer at Stetson University College of Law,[99] with the title of Distinguished Professorial Lecturer.[100]

In August 2012 Crist endorsed President Obama in his campaign for reelection over Republican nominee Mitt Romney, saying that the Republican Party "pitched so far to the extreme right on issues important to women, immigrants, seniors and students that they've proven incapable of governing for the people."[101][102] Crist was a speaker at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina, saying, "I didn't leave the Republican Party; it left me."[103][104]

Party switch and The Party's Over

On December 7, 2012, Crist announced that he had joined the Democratic Party.[2] In his 2014 book The Party's Over he recounted his journey from one party to the other. He claimed that his career in the Republican Party was destroyed by a hug between him and Obama at a Fort Myers town hall on February 10, 2009. "It was the kind of hug I'd exchanged with thousands and thousands of Floridians over the years," Crist wrote. "I didn't think a thing about it as it was happening." But it "ended my viable life as a Republican politician. I would never have a future in my old party again. My bipartisan hopes and dreams, I would discover soon enough to my shock and disappointment, were vastly overstated and hopelessly out of date."[105]

In May 2014, however, Crist told Fusion's Jorge Ramos that he had left the Republican Party because of its racial attitudes. "I couldn't be consistent with myself and my core beliefs, and stay with a party that was so unfriendly toward the African-American president—I'll just go there," Crist said. "I was a Republican and I saw the activists and what they were doing. It was intolerable to me." The Washington Post's Chris Cilizza rejected this claim, citing Tampa Bay Times political editor Adam Smith as saying that Crist "was happy as a Republican when the polls showed him leading Marco Rubio by 20 points." Cilizza wrote that Crist's party switch "epitomized for many within the Republican base that Crist lacked any core principles or beliefs and, instead, simply went with whatever was popular at the moment."[106]

In a New Republic review, Isaac Chotiner called The Party's Over an "account of why Crist switched parties" and wrote that Crist had "revealed himself".[107] Writing in Rolling Stone Magazine in 2014, Jeb Lund described Crist as "a Republican conveniently converted to Democrat", adding, "what made Crist dynamic as a Republican ... was a vaguely populist nose-thumbing at Republican orthodoxy", and that "Charlie Crist is a Democrat only if you are a Republican."[108]

2014 gubernatorial election

In July 2013 it was announced that Crist was releasing a new book in the process of being written.[109][110] The release hinted that he would run in the 2014 gubernatorial election. The book, released in February 2014, is titled The Party's Over: How the Extreme Right Hijacked the GOP and I Became a Democrat.[111][112] It details why Crist left the Republican Party and became a Democrat.[113] On November 1, 2013, Crist filed to run for governor as a Democrat.[114] He won the Democratic nomination but was defeated in the general election by Republican incumbent Rick Scott. Crist holds the rare distinction of losing a statewide general election in Florida as a Republican, a Democrat and an Independent.

U.S. House of Representatives

2016

On October 20, 2015, Crist announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination for Florida's 13th congressional district, his home district, in the 2016 U.S. House of Representatives elections.[115] He had previously announced on Twitter that he would not run for political office in 2016.[116] Republican incumbent David Jolly, who succeeded 43-year incumbent Bill Young in a 2014 special election, was vacating the seat to run for the same Senate seat for which Crist ran in 1998 and 2010.

But when Senator Marco Rubio decided to run for reelection, Jolly dropped out of the Senate race and sought reelection to the House, even though the 13th district had become significantly friendlier to Democrats when a court tossed out Florida's original congressional map. The new map drew nearly all of St. Petersburg, along with most of the more Democratic southern portion of Pinellas County, into the 13th.[117] The district had been in Republican hands without interruption since 1955, and had been one of the first areas of Florida to turn Republican. However, it had become more of a swing district at the presidential level since the 1990s; it has supported a Democrat for president in all but one election since 1992.

In the general election, Crist defeated Jolly 52-48%,[6] becoming the first Democrat to win the seat in 62 years.

2018

In 2018 Crist was endorsed by the League of Conservation Voters (LCV) Action Fund, which called him "a leader on protecting Florida from and planning for the impacts of climate change during his time as Governor and in Congress." [118] Crist easily won a second term with 57 percent of the vote.

Tenure

Crist was sworn in on January 3, 2017. He is a member of the Blue Dog Coalition,[119] the New Democrat Coalition,[120] the Climate Solutions Caucus[121] and the U.S.-Japan Caucus.[122]

On December 18, 2019, Crist voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald Trump.[123]

Committee assignments

• Committee on Appropriations
  • Subcommittee on Defense
  • Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
  • Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government
• Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
  • Subcommittee on Environment
  • Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics

Caucus memberships

• New Democrat Coalition[124]
• Blue Dog Coalition[125]

Political positions after party switch

Immigration

In June 2017 Crist was one of 24 House Democrats to vote for Kate's Law. The next month he was one of five Democrats to vote to fund President Trump's border wall, and the next day issued a statement saying that he opposed the wall.[126]

Same-sex marriage

On May 9, 2013, Crist announced that he supports same-sex marriage: "I most certainly support marriage equality in Florida and look forward to the day it happens here."[127] In both 2006 and 2008, Crist announced his support for the Federal Marriage Amendment, but by 2010 he had endorsed adoption rights for gay couples.[127][128]

United States embargo, trip to Cuba

In May 2014, Crist publicly stated his support for lifting the United States embargo against Cuba, arguing it has not helped to change the Cuban government. He had supported the embargo earlier as both a Republican and independent.[129] Also in 2014 he announced he had requested permission from the Department of State to travel to Cuba with a delegation of business, academic and economic development officials. In June Crist indefinitely postponed the trip.[130] [131][132]

U.S. Rep. Charlie Crist with Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez during Crist's trip in 2019.

In 2019, Crist quietly visited Cuba to meet with Cuban officials, despite high bilateral tensions due to alleged Cuban support for the Maduro regime in Venezuela.[133] The 3-day trip was not announced by his congressional office and was disclosed due to required filings in the House of Representatives Committee on Ethics, with no details about it on Crist's House website.[134] The sponsor of the trip was the Center for Democracy in the Americas, an organization that "promotes a U.S. policy toward Cuba base on engagement and recognition of Cuba’s sovereignty", according to its website.[135] Photos of Crist smiling during a meeting with Cuban officials, including Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez, were published in the official newspaper of Cuba's Communist Party during his stay.[136]

Gun policy

Following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in December 2012, Crist announced a reversal of some of his previous stances on gun control. Before 2012 he had sometimes accused his opponents of not supporting gun rights strongly enough. He was also endorsed by the NRA in 2006. In 2012 Crist announced that he supported reinstating the Federal Assault Weapons Ban, banning high-capacity magazines, and instating more extensive background checks.[137] In the wake of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, he announced his support for additional measures, including a ban on bump stocks,[138] and also said he does not support arming teachers.[139]

When he left the gubernatorial office in 2011, Crist had an A rating from the NRA.[140] In 2016 he received an F rating from the NRA, its lowest rating.[141]

Felons' voting rights

In a February 12, 2018, op-ed for USA Today, Crist complained that Florida was "one of only three states that permanently bans non-violent, ex-felons from voting" and that this "disenfranchisement of 1.5 million of our fellow citizens is shameful."[142]

Crist and his former wife Carole Rome

Personal life

In July 1979 Crist married Amanda Morrow. They divorced within a year.[143]

Crist became engaged to Carole Rome on July 3, 2008, after nine months of dating, and they married[144] on December 12 of that year at the First Methodist Church of St. Petersburg, where Crist is a member.[145][146] In February 2017 Crist announced that he had filed for divorce.[147]

Electoral history

Republican primary results

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Charlie Crist	484,466	50.11
	Republican	Tom Warner	257,049	26.59
	Republican	Locke Burt	225,360	23.31
Total votes			966,875	100.00

2002 Florida Attorney General election[148]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Charlie Crist	2,636,616	53.42%	+12.98%
	Democratic	Buddy Dyer	2,299,149	46.58%	-12.98%
Majority			337,467	6.84%	-12.29%
Turnout			4,935,765
	Republican gain from Democratic		Swing

Republican primary results[149]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Charlie Crist	630,816	63.98%
	Republican	Tom Gallagher	330,165	33.49%
	Republican	Vernon Palmer	13,547	1.37%
	Republican	Michael W. St. Jean	11,458	1.16%
Total votes			985,986	100.00%

2006 Florida gubernatorial election[150]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Charlie Crist/Jeff Kottkamp	2,519,845	52.20%	-3.81%
	Democratic	Jim Davis/Daryl Jones	2,178,289	45.10%	+1.94%
	Reform	Max Linn	92,595	1.90%	+1.90%
	Independent	John Wayne Smith	15,987	0.30%
	Independent	Richard Paul Dembinsky	11,921	0.20%
	Independent	Karl C.C. Behm	10,487	0.20%
	Write-ins		147	0.00%	0
Majority			341,556	7.10%	-5.75%
Turnout			4,829,271
	Republican hold		Swing

2010 United States Senate election in Florida[151]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Marco Antonio Rubio	2,645,743	48.89%	-0.54%
	Independent	Charles Joseph Crist Jr.	1,607,549	29.71%	+29.71%
	Democratic	Kendrick Brett Meek	1,092,936	20.20%	-28.12%
	Libertarian	Alexander Snitker	24,850	0.46%	N/A
	Independent	Sue Askeland	15,340	0.28%	N/A
	Independent	Rick Tyler	7,394	0.14%	N/A
	Constitution	Bernie DeCastro	4,792	0.09%	N/A
	Independent	Lewis Jerome Armstrong	4,443	0.08%	N/A
	Independent	Bobbie Bean	4,301	0.08%	N/A
	Independent	Bruce Riggs	3,647	0.07%	N/A
	Write-ins		108	0.00%
Majority			1,038,194	19.19%	+18.08%
Turnout			5,411,106	48.25%[152]	-22.67%
Total votes			5,411,106	100.00%
	Republican hold		Swing

Democratic primary results[153]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charlie Crist	623,001	74.36%
	Democratic	Nan Rich	214,795	25.64%
Total votes			837,796	100%

2014 Florida gubernatorial election[154]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Rick Scott/Carlos López-Cantera (incumbent)	2,865,343	48.14%	-0.73%
	Democratic	Charlie Crist/Annette Taddeo	2,801,198	47.07%	-0.65%
	Libertarian	Adrian Wyllie/Greg Roe	223,356	3.75%	N/A
	Independent	Glenn Burkett/Jose Augusto Matos	41,341	0.70%	N/A
	Independent	Farid Khavari/Lateresa A. Jones	20,186	0.34%	+0.20%
	n/a	Write-ins	137	0.00%	0.00%
Total votes			5,951,571	100.0%	N/A
	Republican hold

Florida's 13th congressional district, 2016 [155]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charlie Crist	184,693	51.9
	Republican	David Jolly (incumbent)	171,149	48.1
Total votes			355,842	100.0
	Democratic gain from Republican

Florida's 13th congressional district, 2018

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charlie Crist (incumbent)	182,717	57.6
	Republican	George Buck	134,254	42.4
Total votes			316,971	100.0
	Democratic hold

Florida's 13th congressional district, 2020

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Charlie Crist (incumbent)	215,405	53.03%
	Republican	Anna Paulina Luna	190,713	46.95%
	Independent Republican	Jacob Curnow (write-in)	7	0.01%
Total votes			406,125	100.0
	Democratic hold

Books

• The Party's Over: How the Extreme Right Hijacked the GOP and I Became a Democrat (2014) ISBN 978-0525954415

See also

• List of Arab and Middle-Eastern Americans in the United States Congress
• List of American politicians who switched parties in office

References

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External links

• Congressman Charlie Crist official U.S. House website
• Charlie Crist for Congress official campaign site
• Charlie Crist at Curlie

• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Profile at Vote Smart
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Legislation sponsored at the Library of Congress
• Appearances on C-SPAN