Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)

The Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) is the professional head of the Royal Air Force and a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Air Force Board. The post was created in 1918 with Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard as the first incumbent. The current and 30th Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Wigston, who succeeded Sir Stephen Hillier in July 2019.

Chief of the Air Staff
Ensign of the Royal Air Force (CAS Command Flag)
Incumbent Air Chief Marshal Sir Mike Wigston since 26 July 2019
Ministry of Defence
Style	Air Chief Marshal
Abbreviation	CAS
Member of	Defence Council Air Force Board
Reports to	Chief of the Defence Staff
Nominator	Secretary of State for Defence
Appointer	Prime Minister Subject to formal approval by the Queen-in-Council[1]
Term length	3 Years
Formation	3 January 1918
First holder	Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard
Deputy	Deputy Commander Capability/Operations
Website	Official website

History

The post of Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) was established in January 1918, just prior to the official formation of the Royal Air Force (RAF), and its first occupant was Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard. Following Trenchard's resignation in March 1918 after disagreements with the first air minister, Lord Rothermere, his rival Major General Sir Frederick Sykes was appointed. For political reasons Trenchard's resignation did not take effect until late April in order that he would be CAS when the RAF was formed. With Winston Churchill's post-war appointment as Secretary of State for War and Air, Sykes was moved sideways to head up the nascent Civil Aviation ministry and Trenchard returned as CAS. In the early 1920s, Trenchard had to fight to keep the RAF from being divided and absorbed back into the Royal Navy and the British Army. After Lord Trenchard retired in 1930 there were still suggestions that the RAF should be broken up, but Trenchard's foundations proved solid.[2]

By the time the Second World War broke out in 1939, the then occupant of the post, Air Chief Marshal Sir Cyril Newall, had a service that had been undergoing the most rapid of expansions during the British rearmament programs of the late 1930s. Newall gave way in 1940 to Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal, who led the service for the rest of the war. Portal was a tireless defender of the RAF and highly capable in administration and strategy. Postwar the RAF was reoriented to perform the dual roles of defending the shrinking British Empire and possibly fighting against the Soviet Union in a Warsaw Pact verses NATO war over Germany and the United Kingdom. The Chiefs of the Air Staff of the day had to fight a constant battle to keep the British aircraft industry alive. In the end only minimal success was achieved, with only a rump aviation industrial base left by the 1970s.[3]

The first eight Chiefs of the Air Staff were originally commissioned in the British Army, with four coming from the infantry, two from the artillery and one each from the cavalry and the engineers. Of these both Lord Trenchard and Sir John Salmond each held the post over two separate periods. By the early mid-1950s sufficient time had elapsed for officers originally commissioned in the British air services of the First World War to have risen through the ranks to RAF's senior post; Sir John Slessor had originally served in the Royal Flying Corps while Sir William Dickson was commissioned into the Royal Naval Air Service. In 1956 Sir Dermot Boyle became the first CAS to have originally been commissioned in the RAF.[4]

Appointees

The following list gives details of the chiefs of the air staff from 1918 to the present:

No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Flying specialism or arm	Ref
1		Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard (1873–1956)	3 January 1918	13 April 1918	100 days	Infantry	[5]
2		Major General Sir Frederick Sykes (1877–1954)	13 April 1918	31 March 1919	352 days	Cavalry	[6]
(1)		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Hugh Trenchard (1873–1956)	31 March 1919	1 January 1930	10 years, 276 days	Infantry	[7]
3		Air Chief Marshal Sir John Salmond (1881–1968)	1 January 1930	1 April 1933	3 years, 90 days	Infantry	[8]
4		Air Chief Marshal Sir Geoffrey Salmond (1878–1933)	1 April 1933	27 April 1933 †	26 days	Artillery	[9]
-		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Salmond (1881–1968) Acting	28 April 1933	22 May 1933	24 days	Infantry	[10]
5		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Edward Ellington (1877–1967)	22 May 1933	1 September 1937	4 years, 102 days	Artillery	[11]
6		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Cyril Newall (1886–1963)	1 September 1937	25 October 1940	3 years, 54 days	Infantry	[12]
7		Marshal of the Royal Air Force The Lord Portal (1893–1971)	25 October 1940	1 January 1946	5 years, 68 days	Engineers	[13]
8		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur Tedder (1890–1967)	1 January 1946	1 January 1950	4 years, 0 days	Infantry	[14]
9		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Slessor (1897–1979)	1 January 1950	1 January 1953	3 years, 0 days	Fighters (biplanes)	[15]
10		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Dickson (1898–1987)	1 January 1953	1 January 1956	3 years, 0 days	Naval aviation (biplanes)	[16]
11		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Dermot Boyle (1904–1993)	1 January 1956	1 January 1960	4 years, 0 days	Fighters (biplanes)	[17]
12		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Thomas Pike (1906–1983)	1 January 1960	1 September 1963	3 years, 243 days	Fighters (biplanes)	[18]
13		Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Elworthy (1911–1993)	1 September 1963	1 April 1967	3 years, 212 days	Bombers (biplanes)	[19]
14		Air Chief Marshal Sir John Grandy (1913–2004)	1 April 1967	1 April 1971	4 years, 0 days	Fighters (biplanes)	[20]
15		Air Chief Marshal Sir Denis Spotswood (1916–2001)	1 April 1971	1 April 1974	3 years, 0 days	Multirole (monoplane)	[21]
16		Air Chief Marshal Sir Andrew Humphrey (1921–1977)	1 April 1974	7 August 1976	2 years, 159 days	Fighters (monoplane)	[22]
17		Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Neil Cameron (1920–1985)	7 August 1976	10 August 1977	337 days	Fighters (monoplane)	[23]
18		Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Beetham (1923–2015)	10 August 1977	15 October 1982	5 years, 66 days	Bombers (monoplane)	[24]
19		Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Williamson (1928–2018)	15 October 1982	15 October 1985	3 years, 0 days	Fighters (fast jet)	[25]
20		Air Chief Marshal Sir David Craig (born 1929)	15 October 1985	14 November 1988	3 years, 30 days	Fighters (fast jet)	[26]
21		Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Harding (born 1933)	14 November 1988	6 November 1992	3 years, 358 days	Bombers (fast jet)	[27]
22		Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael Graydon (born 1938)	6 November 1992	10 April 1997	4 years, 155 days	Fighters (fast jet)	[28]
23		Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Johns (born 1939)	10 April 1997	21 April 2000	3 years, 11 days	Fighters (fast jet)	[29]
24		Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Squire (1945–2018)	21 April 2000	1 August 2003	3 years, 102 days	Fighters (fast jet)	[30]
25		Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup (born 1949)	1 August 2003	13 April 2006	2 years, 255 days	Ground attack/ reconnaissance (fast jet)	[31]
26		Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy (born 1953)	13 April 2006	31 July 2009	3 years, 109 days	Ground attack (fast jet)	[32]
27		Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Dalton (born 1954)	31 July 2009	31 July 2013	4 years, 0 days	Ground attack (fast jet)	[33]
28		Air Chief Marshal Sir Andrew Pulford (born 1958)	31 July 2013	11 July 2016	2 years, 346 days	Helicopters	[34]
29		Air Chief Marshal Sir Stephen Hillier (born 1962)	11 July 2016	26 July 2019	3 years, 15 days	Ground attack (fast jet)	[35]
30		Air Chief Marshal Michael Wigston (born 1968)	26 July 2019	Incumbent	1 year, 191 days	Ground attack (fast jet)	[36]

1. ^ The ranks and titles shown are the highest that the officer in question attained during his tour as Chief of the Air Staff. However, in the case where the officer was promoted on the day before he was posted or retired, then the lower rank is shown.

See also

Other service chiefs

• Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)
• First Sea Lord / Chief of the Naval Staff
• Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)
• Chief of Air Force (Australia) (Between 1922 and 1997, the RAAF's senior officer was known as "Chief of the Air Staff".)
• Chief of the Air Staff (disambiguation)

Generally relevant

• CAS Air Power Workshop

References

1. Departmental Resource Accounts 2006-7 Ministry of Defence
2. "Sir John Salmond". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
3. "Meeting our makers: Britain's long industrial decline". New Statesman. 24 January 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
4. "Sir Dermot Alexander Boyle". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
5. Barrass, Malcolm (9 October 2007). "Marshal of the RAF The Viscount Trenchard of Wolfeton". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
6. "Air Vice Marshal Sir Frederick Sykes". Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
7. "No. 31348". The London Gazette. 20 May 1919. p. 6249.
8. "No. 33565". The London Gazette. 31 December 1929. p. 8506.
9. "No. 33926". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 March 1933. p. 2194.
10. "No. 33936". The London Gazette. 2 May 1933. p. 2940.
11. "No. 33942". The London Gazette. 23 May 1933. p. 3457.
12. "No. 34432". The London Gazette. 3 September 1937. p. 5561.
13. "No. 34989". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 November 1940. p. 6492.
14. "Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord Tedder". Air of Authority: A History of RAF Organisation. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
15. "No. 38795". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1949. p. 6168.
16. "No. 39739". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1952. p. 56.
17. "No. 40666". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 December 1955. p. 7307.
18. "No. 41664". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 March 1959. p. 1979.
19. "No. 42924". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 February 1963. p. 1615.
20. "No. 44281". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 March 1967. p. 3691.
21. "No. 45337". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 April 1971. p. 3340.
22. "No. 46252". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 April 1974. p. 4287.
23. "No. 46984". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 August 1976. p. 10916.
24. "No. 47289". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 August 1977. p. 9978.
25. "No. 49156". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 November 1982. p. 14275.
26. "No. 50279". The London Gazette (Supplement). 7 October 1985. p. 13878.
27. "No. 51543". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 November 1988. p. 13394.
28. "Sir Michael Graydon". Debretts People of Today. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
29. "Sir Richard Johns". Debretts People of Today. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
30. Who's Who 2010, A & C Black, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-1414-8
31. "Sir Jock Stirrup". NATO. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
32. "No. 57965". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 April 2006. p. 5686.
33. "Air Rank Appointments List 07/08 dated 16 October 2008". Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
34. "No. 60575". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 July 2013. p. 14490.
35. "No. 61656". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 July 2016. p. 16088.
36. "A 'generation of innovators' has been appointed to run the military in a shake-up of the top ranks of the Army, Navy and RAF". The Daily Telegraph. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.