Chukrasia

Chukrasia tabularis, the Indian mahogany, is a deciduous tree, which is a monotypic genus in the family Meliaceae. It is native to Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.[3] Also introduced to many western countries such as Cameroon, Costa Rica, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, South Africa, and United States.[4] The plant is widely used in Ayurveda as an important medicinal plant.

Indian mahogany
C. tabularis flowers, leaves and capsule
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Meliaceae
Subfamily: Cedreloideae
Genus: Chukrasia
A.Juss.
Species:
C. tabularis
Binomial name
Chukrasia tabularis
A.Juss.
Synonyms
  • Chickrassia nimmonii J. Graham ex Wight
  • Chickrassia tabularis Wight & Arn.
  • Chickrassia tabularis var. velutina (M. Roem.) King
  • Chickrassia velutina M. Roem.
  • Chukrasia chickrassa (Roxb.) J.Schultze-Motel
  • Chukrasia nimmonii Graham ex Wight
  • Chukrasia tabularis var. dongnaiensis (Pierre) Pellegr.
  • Chukrasia tabularis var. macrocarpa (Pierre) Pellegr.
  • Chukrasia tabularis var. microcarpa (Pierre) Pellegr.
  • Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina (M. Roem.) Pellegr.
  • Chukrasia trilocularis (G.Don) M.Roem.
  • Chukrasia velutina M.Roem.
  • Chukrasia velutina (M. Roem.) C. DC.
  • Chukrasia velutina var. dongnaiensis Pierre
  • Chukrasia velutina var. macrocarpa Pierre
  • Chukrasia velutina var. microcarpa Pierre
  • Dysoxylum esquirolii H.Lév.

[2]

The trees are tall with a cylindrical bole and spreading crown. C. velutina leaves are abruptly pinnate or bipinnate with leaflets that alternate or are subopposite, entire and unequal at the base. The erect, oblong flowers, which are rather large and born in terminal panicles, possess four to five petals. Mature fruits are a septifragally three to five valved capsule.[5]

The genus Chukrasia appears to be monotypic;[6] "C. velutina" (this species) is listed as the provincial flower and tree of Phrae Province, Thailand.[7]

Chemical constituents

Leaves of C. velutina contain quercetin and its 3-galactoside, galloyl glucoside, tannic acid and a flavone. The bark contains sitosterol, melianone, scopoletin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, tetranorterpenes and tabularin. The wood contains bussein homologue and chukrasins A, B, C, D and F. The root contains a triterpene, cedrelone. Seeds contain tetranorterpenes, phragmalin esters and 12 α-OAc-phyramalin.[8] Four new meliacin esters 3,30-diisobutyrates and 3-isobutyrate-30-propionates of phragmalin and 12-acetoxyphragmalin have also been isolated from seeds.[9]

Common names[10]
  • English - Bastard cedar, White cedar, East-Indian mahogany, Indian redwood, Burma almond wood, Chickrassy, Chittagong wood
  • Hindi - Chikrasi (चिकरासी)
  • Manipuri - Taimareng (তাঈমৰেঙ)
  • Telugu - Kondavepa
  • Tamil - Malei veppu (மலை வேப்பு)
  • Kannada - Kalgarike
  • Malayalam - Suvannakil
  • Myanmar - Yinmarbin (ယင်းမာပင်) (ယင္းမာ)
  • Bengali - Chikrassi
  • Assamese - Boga-poma
  • Sinhala - Hulan hik (හුලං හික් ) / Hirikita (හිරිකිත)[11]
  • Vietnamese - Lát hoa

References
  1. Barstow, M. (2018). "Chukrasia tabularis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2018: e.T32651A68080787. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T32651A68080787.en. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  2. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2720348
  3. http://www.biotik.org/india/species/c/chuktabu/chuktabu_en.html
  4. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Chukrasia_tabularis.PDF
  5. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Chukrasia_tabularis.PDF
  6. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Chukrasia The Plant List
  7. Website of province Archived 2012-01-17 at the Wayback Machine (Thai)
  8. Asolkar, L.V.; Kakkar, K.K.; Chakre, O.J. (1992). "Second Supplement to Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants with active principles. Part-1 (A-K)". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. Rastogi, Ram P.; Mehrotra, B.N. (1993). Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. 2. New Delhi, India: Lucknow and Publications & Information Directorate.
  10. http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Chikrasi.html
  11. http://www.instituteofayurveda.org/plants/plants_detail.php?i=818&s=Family_name
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