Cyriopagopus hainanus

Cyriopagopus hainanus is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas), found in China.[1] It is one of a number of species from China and Vietnam known as "Chinese bird spider". It produces a venom containing numerous compounds capable of blocking neurotransmitters, including neurotoxic peptides called hainantoxins.

Cyriopagopus hainanus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Theraphosidae
Genus: Cyriopagopus
Species:
C. hainanus
Binomial name
Cyriopagopus hainanus
(Liang et al., 1999)[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Selenocosmia hainana Liang et al., 1999
  • Ornithoctonus hainana (Liang et al., 1999)
  • Haplopelma hainanum (Liang et al., 1999)

Description

Cyriopagopus hainanus resembles C. schmidti, but can be distinguished by its dark black-brown body and the longer "thorns" on the forward-facing (prolateral) side of the maxillae. The carapace (upper surface of the cephalothorax is black-brown, the sternum (under surface of the cephalothorax) is red-brown; and the abdomen is dark brown, with six black stripes running across it and a black stripe down the centre of the upper surface.[2]

The female is about 60 mm long (body plus chelicerae). The first leg is longest, at about 67 mm, the third being the shortest, at about 51 mm. The spermatheca is M-shaped. The male is smaller, about 34 mm long (body plus chelicerae). The fourth leg is the longest, at about 61 mm, the third being the shortest, at about 47 mm. Thus, although the body is significantly smaller than that of the female, the male's legs are of a similar length. The tibiae of the first legs have a spur on the forward-facing side. The palpal bulb is pear-shaped, with a wide, curved embolus.[2]

C. hainanus makes burrows, lined with silk, and often with silk alarm lines radiating from the mouth. The spider remains in its burrow during the day, emerging only at night to catch prey, mainly large insects.[2]

Taxonomy

Cyriopagopus hainanus was first described, as Selenocosmia hainana by S. P. Liang, et al. in 1999. It has since been moved; in 2001, M. S. Zhu, et al. transferred it to the genus Ornithoctonus. In 2003, Gunter Schmidt placed the species in the genus Haplopelma. In 2015, it was transferred to the genus Cyriopagopus.[1][2][3]

Distribution and habitat

Cyriopagopus hainanus is only known from Hainan, an island off the mainland of southern China. It is found on south-facing mountain slopes, steeply sloping at 75 to 85°.[2]

Toxicity

Its venom is the subject of toxicology research, and while the effects of this spider's bite on humans are not well documented, it is frequently lethal in small doses to laboratory animals such as mice and rats. As a result, Cyriopagopus hainanus is generally regarded as a highly venomous species. The venom is a complex neurotoxin, containing numerous compounds capable of blocking neurotransmitters,[4] including neurotoxic peptides called hainantoxins.[5]

References
  1. "Taxon details Cyriopagopus hainanus (Liang et al., 1999)", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2017-03-18
  2. Zhu, M.S. & Zhang, R. (2008), "Revision of the theraphosid spiders from China (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)", Journal of Arachnology, 36: 425–447
  3. Smith, A.M. & Jacobi, M.A. (2015), "Revision of the genus Phormingochilus with the description of three new species from Sulawesi and Sarawak and notes on the placement of the genera Cyriopagopus, Lampropelma and Omothymus", British Tarantula Society Journal, 30 (3): 25–48
  4. Xiao, Yu-Cheng; Liang, Song-Ping (May 2003), "Purification and characterization of Hainantoxin-V, a tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channel inhibitor from the venom of the spider Selenocosmia hainana", Toxicon, 41 (6): 643–650, doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00280-5
  5. Tang, Xing; Zhang, Yongqun; Hu, Weijun; Xu, Dehong; Tao, Huai; Yang, Xiaoxu; Li, Yan; Jiang, Liping; Liang, Songping (2010), "Molecular Diversification of Peptide Toxins from the Tarantula Haplopelma hainanum (Ornithoctonus hainana) Venom Based on Transcriptomic, Peptidomic, and Genomic Analyses", Journal of Proteome Research, 9 (5): 2550–64, doi:10.1021/pr1000016, PMID 20192277
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.