Discipline (King Crimson album)

Discipline is the eighth studio album by English progressive rock band King Crimson, released on September 22, 1981 by E.G. Records in the United Kingdom and by Warner Bros. Records in the United States.[1] This album was King Crimson's first album following a seven-year hiatus. Only band co-founder and guitarist Robert Fripp and drummer Bill Bruford remained from the previous incarnation. They were joined by two American musicians: guitarist, vocalist and lyricist Adrian Belew and bassist and backing vocalist Tony Levin. The album featured a more streamlined, new wave influenced sound.

Discipline
Studio album by
King Crimson
Released22 September 1981
RecordedMay and June 1981
StudioBasing Street, London
Genre
Length38:15
Label
Producer
King Crimson chronology
USA
(1975)		 Discipline
(1981)		 Beat
(1982)
King Crimson studio chronology
Red
(1974)		 Discipline
(1981)		 Beat
(1982)
Singles from Discipline
  1. "Matte Kudasai" / "Elephant Talk"
    Released: September 1981
  2. "Thela Hun Ginjeet"
    Released: September 1981

Background and composition

Discipline has been described as art rock,[2] progressive rock,[2] new wave,[3] post-progressive,[4] and dance-rock.[5]

The title of the ballad "Matte Kudasai" means “please wait” in Japanese (待って下さい). The original release of Discipline featured a guitar part on this track by Robert Fripp that was removed from subsequent releases of the album. A later CD reissue included both versions of the song.[6]

The lyrics of "Indiscipline" were based on a letter written to Adrian Belew by his then-wife Margaret, concerning a painting that she had made.[7]

"Thela Hun Ginjeet" is an anagram of "heat in the jungle". When it was first performed live, some of its lyrics were improvised around an illicit recording made by Robert Fripp of his neighbours having a vicious argument when he was living in New York; this recording is featured on the track "NY3" on Fripp's solo album Exposure. While the track was being recorded for the Discipline album, Adrian Belew, walking around Notting Hill Gate in London with a tape recorder looking for inspiration, was harassed first by a gang and then by the police. On returning to the studio, he gave a distraught account to his bandmates of what had just happened to him. This account was recorded by Fripp, without Belew's knowledge, as well[8] and is featured on the Discipline version of the track (as well as almost all live versions), in place of those earlier lyrics that were based on Fripp's New York recording.

"The Sheltering Sky" is named after (and partially inspired by) the 1949 novel of the same name by Paul Bowles. Bowles is often associated with the Beat generation, which would be an inspiration for King Crimson's subsequent studio album Beat.

Later versions of Discipline featured this design by Steve Ball.

Live versions of "Elephant Talk", "Indiscipline", and "Thela Hun Ginjeet" included partial vocal improvisation during spoken-word parts. One such example can be found in the 13 August 1982 performance, which, as of 12 August 2014, was still available for download in both MP3 and FLAC formats from DGM.

The back cover features the statement, "Discipline is never an end in itself, only a means to an end". The original front cover features a variation on a copyrighted Celtic knot design by George Bain.[9] As it was found to be used without Bain's permission, it was replaced on later releases by a knotwork designed by Steve Ball on commission from Robert Fripp.[10][11] Ball's design is also used as the logo of Discipline Global Mobile, the music label founded by Fripp, which has become the label for King Crimson, Fripp, and associated artists.

Reception
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
All About Jazz[12]
AllMusic[13]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[14]
Mojo[15]
MusicHound Rock4.5/5[16]
Q[17]
Record Mirror[18]
Rolling Stone[19]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[20]
The Village VoiceB[21]

Discipline reached number 41 on the UK Albums Chart[22] and received mixed to positive reviews. John Piccarella's review in Rolling Stone praised King Crimson's talent and artistry, particularly Belew and Fripp's "visionary approach to guitar playing", but criticised the "arty content" of the album itself, concluding, "Here's hoping that, unlike every other King Crimson lineup, this band of virtuosos stays together long enough to transform all of their experiments into innovations."[19] Record Mirror's Alan Entwistle was generally enthusiastic, writing that the band "tests new ground and revitalises older ground"; he highlighted the "more mature" second side of the album, noting its "distinct songs that are danceable as well as disciplined."[18] Robert Christgau of The Village Voice described the album as "not bad—the Heads meet the League of Gentlemen".[21] In The Village Voice's year-end Pazz & Jop poll, Discipline was voted by critics as the 35th best album of 1981.[23]

Greg Prato's retrospective review in AllMusic commended the album's "inspired performances", particularly applauding the unexpectedly successful combinations of Belew and Fripp's disparate playing styles. According to Prato, "the pairing of these two originals worked out magically."[13] Trouser Press characterised the album's songs as "unfolding musical sculptures, played with precision and rare imagination, a mostly successful synthesis of ambition, simplicity and Kraftwerkian clarity."[5]

In 2002, Pitchfork ranked Discipline at number 56 on its list of "The Top 100 Albums of the 1980s".[24]

Track listing

All music written by Robert Fripp, Adrian Belew, Tony Levin and Bill Bruford. Lyrics by Adrian Belew.

Side A
No.TitleLength
1."Elephant Talk"4:43
2."Frame by Frame"5:09
3."Matte Kudasai" (待ってください, Please Wait)3:47
4."Indiscipline"4:33
Side B
No.TitleLength
5."Thela Hun Ginjeet"6:26
6."The Sheltering Sky" (Instrumental)8:22
7."Discipline" (instrumental)5:13
30th Anniversary Series bonus track
No.TitleLength
8."Matte Kudasai" (待ってください, Please Wait) (Alternative version)3:50

2011 40th Anniversary edition
Disc one - CD - Original Album 2011 Stereo Mix - bonus tracks
No.TitleLength
1."Elephant Talk" (2011 Stereo Mix)4:43
2."Frame by Frame" (2011 Stereo Mix)5:09
3."Matte Kudasai" (2011 Stereo Mix - 待ってください, Please Wait)3:47
4."Indiscipline" (2011 Stereo Mix)4:33
5."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (2011 Stereo Mix)6:26
6."The Sheltering Sky" (2011 Stereo Mix - Instrumental)8:22
7."Discipline" (2011 Stereo Mix - instrumental)5:13
8."A selection of Adrian's vocal loops 1" (Bonus Tracks)0:18
9."A selection of Adrian's vocal loops 2" (Bonus Tracks)0:33
10."The Sheltering Sky" (Bonus Tracks - Alternate mix - Steven Wilson)8:27
11."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Bonus Tracks - Alternate mix - Steven Wilson)6:33
Disc two - DVD-A (various mixes and bonuses)
No.TitleLength
1."Elephant Talk" (Original Album - MLP Lossless 5.1 Surround) 
2."Frame by Frame" (Original Album - MLP Lossless 5.1 Surround) 
3."Matte Kudasai" (Original Album - MLP Lossless 5.1 Surround - 待ってください, Please Wait) 
4."Indiscipline" (Original Album - MLP Lossless 5.1 Surround) 
5."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Original Album - MLP Lossless 5.1 Surround) 
6."The Sheltering Sky" (Original Album - MLP Lossless 5.1 Surround - Instrumental) 
7."Discipline" (Original Album - MLP Lossless 5.1 Surround - instrumental) 
8."Elephant Talk" (Original Album - DTS 5.1 Digital Surround) 
9."Frame by Frame" (Original Album - DTS 5.1 Digital Surround) 
10."Matte Kudasai" (Original Album - DTS 5.1 Digital Surround - 待ってください, Please Wait) 
11."Indiscipline" (Original Album - DTS 5.1 Digital Surround) 
12."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Original Album - DTS 5.1 Digital Surround) 
13."The Sheltering Sky" (Original Album - DTS 5.1 Digital Surround - Instrumental) 
14."Discipline" (Original Album - DTS 5.1 Digital Surround - instrumental) 
15."Elephant Talk" (2011 Stereo Mix - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
16."Frame by Frame" (2011 Stereo Mix - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
17."Matte Kudasai" (2011 Stereo Mix - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - 待ってください, Please Wait) 
18."Indiscipline" (2011 Stereo Mix - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
19."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (2011 Stereo Mix - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
20."The Sheltering Sky" (2011 Stereo Mix - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - Instrumental) 
21."Discipline" (2011 Stereo Mix - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - instrumental) 
22."Elephant Talk" (2011 Stereo Mix - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
23."Frame by Frame" (2011 Stereo Mix - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
24."Matte Kudasai" (2011 Stereo Mix - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - 待ってください, Please Wait) 
25."Indiscipline" (2011 Stereo Mix - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
26."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (2011 Stereo Mix - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
27."The Sheltering Sky" (2011 Stereo Mix - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Instrumental) 
28."Discipline" (2011 Stereo Mix - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - instrumental) 
29."Elephant Talk" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
30."Frame by Frame" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
31."Matte Kudasai" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - 待ってください, Please Wait) 
32."Indiscipline" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
33."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96)) 
34."The Sheltering Sky" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - Instrumental) 
35."Discipline" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - instrumental) 
36."Matte Kudasai" (30th Anniversary Remaster - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - Alternate version) 
37."Elephant Talk" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
38."Frame by Frame" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
39."Matte Kudasai" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - 待ってください, Please Wait) 
40."Indiscipline" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
41."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48)) 
42."The Sheltering Sky" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Instrumental) 
43."Discipline" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - instrumental) 
44."Matte Kudasai" (30th Anniversary Remaster - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Alternate version) 
45."A selection of Adrian's vocal loops" (Additional Tracks - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96))0:51
46."The Sheltering Sky" (Additional Tracks - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - Alternate mix - Steven Wilson)8:27
47."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Additional Tracks - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - Alternate mix - Steven Wilson)6:33
48."The Terrifying Tale of Thela Hun Ginjeet"
  • i) "Robert Fripp: Venal Leader (later Heartless & Raging) Promotes" (Warner Bros Office, New York City, New York, 1981)
  • ii) "Adrian Belew: Shaking Artist" (Basing St. Studios, May 1981)
  • iii) "Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Additional Tracks - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 30 July 1982)
8:04
49."Elephant Talk" (Additional Tracks - MLP Lossless Stereo (24/96) - 12" Dance mix)5:03
50."A selection of Adrian's vocal loops" (Additional Tracks - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48))0:51
51."The Sheltering Sky" (Additional Tracks - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Alternate mix - Steven Wilson)8:27
52."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Additional Tracks - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Alternate mix - Steven Wilson)6:33
53."The Terrifying Tale of Thela Hun Ginjeet"
  • i) "Robert Fripp: Venal Leader (later Heartless & Raging) Promotes" (Warner Bros Office, New York City, New York, 1981)
  • ii) "Adrian Belew: Shaking Artist" (Basing St. Studios, May 1981)
  • iii) "Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Additional Tracks - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 30 July 1982)
8:04
54."Elephant Talk" (Additional Tracks - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - 12" Dance mix)5:03
55."Discipline" (Album Rough Mixes - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Instrumental)5:13
56."Thela Hun Ginjeet" (Album Rough Mixes - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48))6:26
57."Matte Kudasai" (Album Rough Mixes - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - 待ってください, Please Wait)3:47
58."Elephant Talk" (Album Rough Mixes - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48))4:43
59."The Sheltering Sky" (Album Rough Mixes - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48) - Instrumental)8:22
60."Frame by Frame" (Album Rough Mixes - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48))5:09
61."Indiscipline" (Album Rough Mixes - PCM Stereo 2.0 (24/48))4:33
62."Elephant Talk" (Video Content - Selections From The Old Grey Whistle Test - Recorded live at The Venue, London, England, 9 October 1981)4:47
63."Frame by Frame" (Video Content - Selections From The Old Grey Whistle Test - Recorded at the BBC, 15 March 1982, introduced by Annie Nightingale)4:44
64."Indiscipline" (Video Content - Selections From The Old Grey Whistle Test - Recorded at the BBC, 15 March 1982, introduced by Annie Nightingale)6:52

Personnel

Technical

Charts
Chart (1981–82) Peak
position
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[26] 18
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[27] 43
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[28] 33
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[29] 13
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[30] 37
UK Albums (OCC)[31] 41
US Billboard 200[32] 45

References
  1. Phillips, Matt (10 October 2016). "King Crimson's Discipline: 35 Years Old Today". movingtheriver.com. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  2. Dome, Malcolm (29 January 2019). "King Crimson: a guide to their best albums". Classic Rock Magazine. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  3. Prato, Greg. "Beat – King Crimson". AllMusic. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  4. Bruford, Bill (2009). Bill Bruford: The Autobiography : Yes, King Crimson, Earthworks, and More. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1-906002-23-7.
  5. Grant, Steven; Fleischmann, Mark; Robbins, Ira. "King Crimson". Trouser Press. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  6. Fripp, Robert (9 January 2001). "Chop Em Out Mastering Olympia". Robert Fripp's Diary. DGM Live. Retrieved 29 July 2017. We are listening to the alternative version of "Matte" with RF on sustained guitar lines and solo. This is the version included on the original 1981 "Discipline" release, and was later replaced by the original pre-overdub minimalist mix on releases after 1989. In Island studios, recording and mixing of the album completed, Adrian & I agreed that something more was needed for "Matte". He left it to me to come up with something, flew home, but when he heard my contribution wasn't convinced. I agree. This new re-release gives us the opportunity to include both versions, in accordance with a suggestion made a while ago on the Guestbook.
  7. Arthur, Stephen (8 February 1995). "Interview with King Crimson in Trouser Press". ET Wiki. Trouser Press. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  8. Belew, Adrian (3 April 2007). "elephant blog: Anecdote # 808". elephant blog. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  9. Bain, George (1951). Celtic art: The methods of construction. London: Constable Press.
    Bain, George (1973). Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction. Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-22923-8.
  10. Ball, Steve (1 October 2001). "Saturday September 29". Steve Ball diary. SteveBall.com. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  11. Ball, Steve (21 May 2009). "Steve Ball extended history: Side note". Steve Ball Roadshow: Extended press-kit. SteveBall.com. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  12. Kelman, John (8 October 2011). "King Crimson: Discipline (40th Anniversary Series)". All About Jazz. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  13. Prato, Greg. "Discipline – King Crimson". AllMusic. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  14. Larkin, Colin (2011). "King Crimson". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
  15. Barnes, Mike (July 2019). "The Crown Jewels". Mojo. No. 308. p. 55.
  16. Holtje, Steve (1996). "King Crimson". In Graff, Gary (ed.). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide (1st ed.). Visible Ink Press. pp. 385–86. ISBN 978-0-7876-1037-1.
  17. "King Crimson: Discipline". Q. No. 179. August 2001. p. 150.
  18. Entwistle, Alan (17 October 1981). "Disciplined Crimson". Record Mirror. p. 18.
  19. Piccarella, John (18 February 1982). "King Crimson: Discipline". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  20. Considine, J. D. (2004). "King Crimson". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 456–58. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  21. Christgau, Robert (12 January 1982). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  22. "King Crimson". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  23. "The 1981 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". The Village Voice. 1 February 1982. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  24. "The Top 100 Albums of the 1980s". Pitchfork. 21 November 2002. p. 5. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  25. ""Discipline" Celtic Knotwork". et.stok.ca. 22 December 1998. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  26. "Top RPM Albums: Issue 0414". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  27. "Dutchcharts.nl – King Crimson – Discipline" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  28. Okamoto, Satoshi (2006). Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005. Oricon. ISBN 978-4-87131-077-2.
  29. "Charts.nz – King Crimson – Discipline". Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  30. "Swedishcharts.com – King Crimson – Discipline". Hung Medien. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  31. "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  32. "King Crimson Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
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