Discovery, Inc.

Discovery, Inc. is an American multinational mass media company based in New York City. Established in 1985, the company primarily operates a group of factual and lifestyle television brands, such as the namesake Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Science Channel, and TLC. In 2018, the company acquired Scripps Networks Interactive, adding networks such as Food Network, HGTV, and Travel Channel to its portfolio. Since the purchase, Discovery has described itself as serving members of "passionate" audiences.

Discovery, Inc.
FormerlyDiscovery Communications (1994–2018)
TypePublic
ISINUS25470F1049
US25470F3029
IndustryMass media
PredecessorDiscovery Holding Company
Founded
FounderJohn S. Hendricks
Headquarters
New York City, New York
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
ProductsFactual television
Revenue US$11.144 billion (2019)
US$3.009 billion (2019)
US$2.069 billion (2019)
Total assets US$33.735 billion (2019)
Total equity US$9.891 billion (2019)
Number of employees
9,200 (2019)
Divisions
Subsidiaries
Websitecorporate.discovery.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

Discovery also owns or has interests in local versions of its channel brands in international markets, in addition to its other major regional operations such as Eurosport (a pan-European group of sports channels, most prominently the rightsholder of the Olympic Games throughout most of Europe), GolfTV (an international golf-focused streaming service, which is the international digital rightsholder of the PGA Tour), Discovery Communications Nordic (which operates general-interest channels in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland), TVN Group in Poland, and a portfolio of various free-to-air channels in Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.

Discovery has been in the streaming business, with Discovery+, a streaming service that feature television series and movies and original programming from the channels that Discovery owns. It originated internationally in India on March 23, 2020, it launched in the United States on January 4, 2021 to positive reviews.

History

Discovery Communications
Former headquarters of Discovery, Inc. in Silver Spring, Maryland.

The company's namesake and flagship brand, Discovery Channel, first launched on June 17, 1985.[2][3] In 1991, Discovery Channel's owners acquired The Learning Channel.[4]

In October 1996, Discovery launched several new spin-off networks, including Animal Planet, and the digital cable channels Discovery Kids, Discovery Travel & Living, Discovery Civilization, and Science Channel. This was followed by the 1997 purchase of a 70% stake in Travel Channel, and the 1998 launches of Discovery en Español, Discovery Wings, and Discovery Health Channel.[5][6][7] Also in 1998, Discovery acquired a stake in the struggling CBS Eye on People channel; Discovery eventually acquired the remainder of CBS's stake, leading to its January 1999 re-launch as Discovery People.[8][9] The network quietly folded in 2000, being replaced by other Discovery channels on providers.[10]

On September 1, 2001, Discovery Communications bought The Health Channel, and announced that it would be re-branded as FitTV.[11] In 2002, Discovery re-launched Discovery Civilization as Discovery Times, as part of a joint venture with The New York Times.[12] In June 2002, coinciding with Discovery's 17th anniversary, the company launched a 24/7 high definition channel known as Discovery HD Theater.[13] In 2003, Discovery Communications moved its headquarters from Bethesda to Silver Spring.[14] In 2003 and 2004, Discovery acquired academic film companies such as AGC, AIMS Multimedia, and Clearvue & SVE to form Discovery Education, which is now led by Bill Goodwyn.[15][16][17] In 2019, Discovery Communications moved its headquarters to New York City,[18] keeping 300 employees in a smaller hub in Silver Spring.[19]

Zaslav era

Former NBCUniversal executive David Zaslav was named president and CEO of Discovery Communications on November 16, 2006.[20] In the years that followed, Zaslav placed a major focus on bolstering Discovery's core networks, programming, and expanding the company's reach into digital media. He described these goals as reflecting an expansion into becoming a "content company" rather than just a "cable company".[21]

In March 2007, Discovery sold its stake in Travel Channel back to Cox Communications, in exchange for the stake in Discovery that Cox owned.[22] Cox would later sell the controlling interest in the channel to Scripps Networks Interactive in 2009.[23] In June 2008, Discovery Home was replaced by Planet Green, a network devoted primarily to environmentalism and sustainable living.[24]

In 2007, according to Crunchbase, TreeHugger was acquired by Discovery Communications on August 1, 2007, for $10 million.[25] In 2012, Mother Nature Network, founded by Joel Babbit and Chuck Leavell (now Narrative Content Group) acquired TreeHugger.

On January 15, 2008, Discovery announced that it had entered into a joint venture with Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions to re-launch Discovery Health as a new service, OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network, in 2009.[26] In 2008, Discovery Times was re-launched as Investigation Discovery, a new brand that would be dedicated to true crime programs and documentaries.[27] The company also formed its Emerging Networks Group, and named Clark Bunting as president[28] and Clint Stinchcomb as executive vice president and general manager.[29] On April 30, 2009, Discovery announced a joint venture with Hasbro to re-launch Discovery Kids as a new youth- and family-oriented entertainment channel.[30][31] The channel, ultimately named The Hub, launched on October 10, 2010.[32][33] After multiple delays, OWN officially launched on January 1, 2011.[34][35]

On March 17, 2009, Discovery Communications sued Amazon.com for patent infringement by its Kindle e-reader line, regarding "secure distribution of electronic text and graphics to subscribers and secure storage". The patents were originally developed by Discovery founder John Hendricks, who had been developing technologies related to e-books and the digitization of television programs. While Discovery had divested the television-related patents, it retained the e-book patents.[36] Amazon subsequently accused Discovery of violating a patent for an "Internet-based customer referral system";[37] The two parties settled in 2011.[38]

On October 4 of 2011, due to the wider implementation of high-definition feeds for mainstream cable channels, HD Theater was re-launched as Velocity, a new "upscale male" network focusing on automotive programming.[39][40][41] On May 28, 2012, Planet Green (which had begun to abandon its original concept in 2010 due to poor viewership)[24] was re-launched as Destination America.[42]

In January 2014, Discovery launched Curiosity, a website that aggregates online education content.[43]

In May 2014, Discovery and its shareholder Liberty Media acquired British television studio All3Media for $930 million in a 50/50 joint venture. The new ownership stated that All3Media would be operated as an independent company.[44] In October 2014, Discovery acquired controlling interest in Hub Network from Hasbro and re-branded it as Discovery Family.[45][46] In November 2014, Curiosity was spun out as a venture-funded startup, receiving $6 million in funding.[47]

In December 2015, Discovery launched Discovery Go, a TV Everywhere service offering access to live streaming and on-demand content from Discovery Communications' cable networks.[48]

In May 2016, Discovery initiated a restructuring plan aiming to save $40 to $60 million by the third quarter of 2016, including a shift in strategy to "maximize" its linear television business whilst plotting larger investments in content, digital media, sports, and international markets.[49] In August 2016, Discovery purchased a minority stake in the Hong Kong-based digital talent and content company VS Media; Discovery intended to have VS distribute Discovery Digital Networks content in China, and to offer their own resources to VS.[50][51][52]

In October 2016, Discovery purchased a minority stake in Group Nine Media, a digital media holding company consisting of Thrillist Media Group, NowThis, The Dodo and Discovery's digital network Seeker—for $100 million. The transaction gave Discovery an option to acquire a majority stake at a later date.[53][54]

Acquisition of Scripps Networks, Discovery, Inc.

On July 31, 2017, Discovery announced it would acquire Scripps Networks Interactive, owner of networks such as Food Network and HGTV, for $14.6 billion, pending regulatory approval.[55] On March 6, 2018, the acquisition was completed with the company renamed Discovery, Inc. afterwards. At this time, SNI shareholders own 20% of Discovery's stock.[56] Discovery will retain an operational hub in SNI's home city of Knoxville, but planned to move its corporate headquarters from Silver Spring, Maryland, where it has operated since 2003, to New York City in late-2019.[57] Following the acquisition, Discovery began to integrate personalities from the two companies into each other's programming, and began to produce new programs (such as a revival of TLC's While You Were Out in conjunction with HGTV, and a competition series between the stars of Food Network's Ace of Cakes and TLC's Cake Boss) to serve as vehicles for crossovers between personalities from Discovery and SNI's networks.[58]

Following the completion of the purchase, Discovery's brands were divided into two groups under different chief brand officers: SNI's chief programmer Kathleen Finch became chief brand officer of Lifestyle, overseeing TLC, the six former Scripps channels, and Discovery's other lifestyle networks. Rich Ross, who formerly served as group president of Discovery and Science, stepped down, and would be replaced by TLC president Nancy Daniels as chief brand officer of Discovery & Factual.[59]

On August 3, 2017, Discovery announced that it would contribute Velocity into a joint venture with the digital, live events, and direct-to-consumer businesses of automotive publisher TEN: The Enthusiast Network. Discovery will hold a majority stake in the venture; it will not include TEN's print brands, but there will be opportunities for cross-promotion.[60] In April 2018, it was announced that TEN had been renamed Motor Trend Group, and that Velocity would be re-branded as an extension of its namesake magazine Motor Trend.[61][62]

In December 2017, Discovery announced that it would acquire an additional 24.5% stake in OWN that it did not already own, for $70 million. Oprah Winfrey will remain as CEO of OWN, and extended her exclusivity agreement with the network and Discovery through 2025. Harpo Productions retains a "significant minority stake" in the venture.[63] In February 2018, Discovery sold a majority stake in Discovery Education to the private equity firm Francisco Partners.[64]

Focus on direct-to-consumer services

During its 2018 upfronts, Zaslav stated that the company was now strongly focused on serving "passionate fans and passionate audiences", and was preparing to increase its focus on direct-to-consumer offerings targeting such audiences. The SNI purchase, Eurosport's Olympics rights, and the aforementioned Motor Trend-branded network were described as being examples of this strategy.[65] Food Network Kitchen would also launch in 2019, with a focus on live and on-demand cooking classes.[66]

In June 2018, Discovery announced a 12-year agreement to acquire the international media rights to the PGA Tour, with plans to develop an international streaming service to house these rights.[67] The service was officially announced in October 2018 as GolfTV, with Eurosport executive vice president Alex Kaplan named the president and general manager of Discovery Golf.[68] Former Amazon executive Peter Faricy, who was named Discovery's chief executive of global direct-to-consumer operations in August 2018, considered GolfTV consistent with the aforementioned strategy, as golf was one of several sports "where people's passions and their interest in participating and learning more becomes a core part of their life."[69]

With Discovery choosing 230 Park Avenue South as its new New York City headquarters, Discovery sold its former Silver Spring headquarters to Foulger-Pratt and Cerberus Capital Management in September 2018, and leased a smaller space at nearby 8403 Colesville Road.[70][71][72]

In November 2018, Chip and Joanna Gaines of the former HGTV series Fixer Upper announced on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, that they were in early talks to form a "lifestyle focused media network" with Discovery named after their personal company Magnolia. It was reported that Discovery had considered rebranding either DIY Network or Great American Country as this new channel.[73][74] Discovery in April 2019 confirmed its Magnolia joint venture, which is scheduled to launch in 2020 and replace DIY Network, with an over-the-top subscription component to launch later.[75] Magnolia Network was originally scheduled to launch on October 4, 2020,[76] but it was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.[77] It was also announced that Fixer Upper would be revived for the new channel.[78]

In January 2019, Discovery increased its ownership of Play Sports Group, operator of the YouTube channel Global Cycling Network, to 71%. Discovery previously acquired a 20% share in 2017.[79] The group is the foundation for an in development global cycling OTT service.[69]

On April 1, 2019, after a previous agreement with the broadcaster lapsed six years prior, Discovery announced a 10-year global content partnership with BBC Studios, under which it will become the exclusive subscription video-on-demand rightsholder of programming from the BBC Natural History Unit (which will become the basis of an international subscription service by 2020) outside of China, Ireland, and the UK. In addition, Discovery and the BBC reached an agreement to break up their UKTV joint venture (which was inherited from Scripps), with Discovery acquiring the BBC's shares in the Good Food, Home, and Really channels, and BBC Studios acquiring Discovery's shares in the seven remaining channels.[80]

On May 13, 2019, Discovery announced that it would acquire Golf Digest from Condé Nast to integrate into its Discovery Golf division.[81]

In December 2020, Discovery announced the launch of its streaming service, Discovery+. It was launched on January 4, 2021. The service will be available across all major platforms.[82]

Corporate governance

Prior to September 18, 2008, DCI's ownership consisted of three shareholders:

On September 17, 2008, Discovery Holding Company completed a restructuring plan. Discovery Holding's Ascent Media business was spun off, and the remaining businesses, Discovery Communications, LLC and Advance/Newhouse Communications, were combined into a new holding company, Discovery Communications, Inc.[83] The new fully public company and trades on the NASDAQ stock market under the symbols DISCA, DISCB, and DISCK. SEC filings are submitted by the Discovery Holding Company.[84]

In May 2014, the company announced a special dividend of shares of the company's Series C common stock payable to holders of record of the company's Series A common stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock as of the close of business on July 28, 2014. As a result of the dividend, each holder of a share of the company's Series A common stock, Series B common stock or Series C common stock will receive one additional share of the company's Series C common stock on or about August 6, 2014.[85]

Liberty Global and Discovery Communications paid approximately $195 million for a 3.4% stake in Lionsgate Entertainment in November 2015. Discovery CEO David Zaslav joined the Lionsgate board of directors as part of the acquisition.[86][87][88]

Divisions

DCI operates its businesses in the following groups: U.S. Networks, International, Digital, Discovery Studios, Lifestyle Studios, and Discovery Global Enterprises.[89]

U.S. channels

There are 20 channels owned and operated by Discovery Networks U.S.

ChannelGroupLaunch DateUS Households as of Jan. 2016[90]Notes
Discovery ChannelDiscovery & Factual198595 millionFlagship network
Food NetworkLifestyle199395 millionAcquired in Scripps merger in March 2018.
HGTVLifestyle199494 millionAcquired in Scripps merger in March 2018.
TLCLifestyle197293 millionAcquired by Discovery Communications in May 1991, previously known as The Learning Channel.
Animal PlanetDiscovery & Factual199692 millionPreviously a joint venture with BBC Worldwide.
Travel Channel198789 millionRe-acquired in Scripps merger in March 2018.
Investigation Discovery199685 millionFormerly Discovery Times, Discovery Civilization
Oprah Winfrey Network201179 millionJoint venture ownership with Harpo Productions, which holds a minority stake after Discovery acquired a controlling stake from Oprah Winfrey
Science ChannelDiscovery & Factual199672 millionFormerly Discovery Science
Discovery Family199667 millionInitially launched as Discovery Kids in 1996, relaunched as The Hub in 2010, renamed Hub Network in 2013 and rebranded as Discovery Family in 2014.[91]
40% of the network is owned by Hasbro.
Motor Trend200266 millionFormerly Discovery HD Theater, HD Theater and Velocity. Part of the Motor Trend Group joint venture with Source Interlink.
Cooking ChannelLifestyle201065 millionFormerly Fine Living. Acquired in Scripps merger in March 2018. Joint venture ownership with Nexstar Media Group
DIY NetworkLifestyle199961 millionAcquired in Scripps merger in March 2018. Will be replaced by Magnolia Network in 2021.
Great American CountryLifestyle199558 millionAcquired in Scripps merger in March 2018.
American Heroes Channel199858 millionFormerly Discovery Wings, Military Channel
Destination America199656 millionFormerly Discovery Home and Leisure (1998–2004), Discovery Home (2004–08), and Planet Green (2008–12)
Discovery LifeLifestyle201147 millionMerger of Discovery Health Channel and FitTV, previously known as Discovery Fit & Health
Discovery en EspañolHispanic19986 millionSpanish-language version of the Discovery Channel
Discovery FamiliaHispanic20076 millionMerger between Discovery Travel & Living Viajar y Vivir and Discovery Kids en Español, Spanish-language version of Discovery Family
Hogar de HGTVHispanic2020Features original shows and dubbed shows from sister lifestyle channels

Discovery Networks International

Discovery Networks International has three regional operations: Asia Pacific, EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) and Latin America,[92] with regional headquarters in Singapore, Amsterdam, London, Milan, Warsaw and Miami.[93]

On November 27, 2012, Discovery announced it would acquire Dubai-based broadcaster Takhayal Entertainment, which owns MENA lifestyle channel Fatafeat. This acquisition was then completed.[94]

On December 21, 2012, Discovery announced it had acquired a 20% stake in the pan-European sports broadcaster Eurosport from TF1 Group for €170 million (US$221.6 million).[95] On January 21, 2014, Discovery acquired an additional 51% share to gain controlling interest,[96] and subsequently acquired the remainder for €491 million in July 2015 to receive sole ownership.[97]

In June 2015, Discovery acquired pan-European rights to the Olympic Games from 2018 through 2024, excluding Russia, on all platforms, in a €1.3 billion deal. Discovery will primarily broadcast the Games on local outlets (including Eurosport), but will sub-license coverage to over-the-air broadcasters in each region.[98][99][100]

In June 2016, Discovery acquired a 27.5% stake in Bethia Comunicaciones S.A., a division of Chilean conglomerate Bethia that owns Red Televisiva Megavisión S.A., a company which in turn owns both the private television network Mega and a 70% stake in the anime-, Korean drama- and K-pop-focused cable television channel ETC (which is co-owned with its creator, who is businessman and television executive Hernán Schmidt Fuentes). As a result, Bethia now owns 72.5% of the company.[101]

In August 2016, Discovery renewed its distribution deals in 12 countries with shareholder Liberty Global.[102][103] On January 31, 2017, after nearly facing a carriage dispute, Discovery renewed its distribution deals in Germany and the United Kingdom with Sky plc.[104]

In November 2016, Discovery partnered with the streaming media company BAMTech to create a joint venture to serve Europe.[105] In May 2017, ProSiebenSat.1 Media and Discovery announced a joint venture to create a German over-the-top content service, built upon its existing 7TV service.[106]

In August 2017, Discovery announced that it would acquire the remaining 51.06% of Green Content, the operator of the Polish DTT channel Metro, from Agora SA for PLN19,000,000 under a share buyback agreement.[107]

Through its purchase of SNI, Discovery added the Polish broadcaster TVN Group to its European portfolio,[56] which SNI had acquired in 2015.,[108][109][110] as well as the UKTV joint venture with BBC Worldwide (later BBC Studios).

On July 3, 2020, Discovery agreed to acquire the German free-to-air station Tele 5 from Leonine Holding.[111]

On September 7, 2020, MediaWorks New Zealand Limited announced that Discovery would be purchasing the television arm of their business including Three, Bravo, Edge TV, The Breeze TV, streaming service ThreeNow, and current affairs service Newshub. MediaWorks said in a statement that the transaction was subject to “a number of pre-completion approvals” but was expected to completed by the end of the year. The sale was finalised in December 2020.[112][113][114]

In December 2020, the Discovery-backed GB News received a licence from Ofcom to broadcast on their service on various British platforms, such as Freeview, in 2021. GB News was set-up by Andrew Cole and Mark Schneider from Liberty Global, and will feature ex-BBC presenter Andrew Neil.[115][116][117][118][119][120]

ChannelLaunch DateNotes
Discovery1989
Animal Planet1997
TLC2010A Pan-European feed launched in 1994, Re-launched in 2010.
Investigation Discovery2009Launched in India in August 2014, then replaced by Discovery Jeet in 2018.
Eurosport 12014Launched in 1989, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2014. Launched in India as DSport
Discovery Jeet2018Indian general entertainment channel launched on 2 February 2018.
Discovery Kids1996
Discovery Family2014Joint Venture with Hasbro
DMAX2006Launch: 2006 Germany, 2008 UK and Ireland, 2011 Italy, 2012 Spain, 2014 Asia
Discovery Science1997
Discovery Turbo2005
DTX2013Previously known as Discovery Turbo Xtra.
Quest2009
Quest Red2017Sister channel to Quest
Eurosport 22014Launched in 2005, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2014.
Discovery Home & Health2000
Discovery World1998Discovery World closed on 31 December 2020.[121]
Fine Living2018Launched in 2010, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2018. The channel officially closed on 31 December 2020.[122]
Food Network2018Launched in 2009, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2018.
HGTV2018Launched in 1997, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2018.
Really2018Launched in 2009 by UKTV, acquired by Discovery in 2019 after being a joint-venture with BBC Studios for a year.
Living2014New Zealand only. Launched in 2001, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2014.[123]
Travel Channel2018Launched in 1994, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2018.
Choice TV2019New Zealand only. Launched in 2012, acquired by Discovery, Inc. in 2019.
9Rush2020Australia only, joint venture with Nine Entertainment Co.
Three2020New Zealand only. Launched in 1989, acquired by Discovery, Inc in 2020.
Bravo2020New Zealand only, joint venture with NBC Universal International Networks.
Launched in 2016, acquired by Discovery, Inc in 2020.
The Edge TV2020New Zealand only. Launched in 2014, acquired by Discovery, Inc in 2020.
The Breeze TV2020New Zealand only. Launched in April 2020 and acquired by Discovery, Inc in December 2020.

2010 hostage crisis

On September 1, 2010, the Discovery headquarters were the site of a hostage taking; a lone gunman identified as James J. Lee (c. 1967 – September 1, 2010), armed with two starter pistols[124] and an explosive device, took three people hostage inside of the Discovery Communications headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland, prompting an evacuation of the building. Lee's motive was believed to have been grounded in environmental activism. Lee had previously been arrested in 2008 while protesting in front of the same site. The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) at the University of Maryland has since labeled the crime a terrorist attack.[125]

The incident began at 1:00 p.m. ET, when the 43-year-old Lee entered the building with two starter pistols and fired a single round at the ceiling of the lobby.[126][127] The Montgomery County Police Department (MCPD) confirmed that Lee had an explosive device and was holding three people[128] hostage in the lobby.[126][129] The building was placed on lockdown and most of the 1,500 employees were evacuated.[129] Children from a day care center inside were safely removed to a nearby McDonald's restaurant on Colesville Rd.[126] Lee was shot and killed by an MCPD SWAT team at 4:48 p.m. ET after the hostages made a run to escape.[130] The remaining hostages were immediately freed.[131] The incident was described by the FBI as the first instance of a would-be suicide bomber taking hostages in the United States.[132]

Lee was an environmental protester who, in 2008, was given six months of supervised probation and fined $500 after he was arrested during a protest outside the Discovery Communications headquarters. Lee had published criticisms of the network in an online manifesto at Savetheplanetprotest.com,[127] among which was a demand for the company to cease the broadcasting of television series displaying or encouraging the birth of "parasitic human infants and the false heroics behind those actions".[133] His manifesto also railed against "immigration pollution and anchor baby filth", leading commentators such as Mark Potok of the Southern Poverty Law Center to decry Lee as an "eco-fascist".[134] Lee's opinions were dominated by Malthusian analysis,[135] though he also cited works ranging from Daniel Quinn's novel My Ishmael to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore's documentary An Inconvenient Truth.[136] The Washington Post credited the Twitter community for initially breaking the story.[137]

See also

References
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