Dissorophoidea

Dissorophoideans are a clade of medium-sized, temnospondyl amphibians that appeared during the Moscovian in Euramerica, and continued through to the Late Permian and the Early Triassic of Gondwana. They are distinguished by various details of the skull,[3] and many forms seem to have been well adapted for life on land. Since 2008, Lissamphibia has been progressively widely considered part of this clade,[1][4][2][5] but this position is still disputed by some authors.[6][7]

Dissorophoidea
Temporal range: Late Carboniferous - Early Triassic, 307.1–249 Ma
Possible descendant taxon Lissamphibia survives to present.[1]
Skeleton of Cacops aspidephorus in the Field Museum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: †Temnospondyli
Suborder: †Euskelia
Superfamily: †Dissorophoidea
Bolt, 1969
Clades

It is possible that the small Permo-Carboniferous Micromelerpetontidae and the large Late Permian Melosauridae may also belong in this clade.

Phylogeny

An extensive phylogenetic analysis of dissorophoids conducted in 2016 and 2018 found that the families Dissorophidae and Trematopidae are more closely related to each other than either is to the family Amphibamidae. Following a 2008 study, the Dissorophidae-Trematopidae clade was called Olsoniformes. Below is the cladogram from the 2018 analysis:[2]

Dissorophoidea
 

Micromelerpetontidae

 
Xerodromes
Olsoniformes
 

Trematopidae

 
 

Dissorophidae

 
 
Amphibamiformes
 
 

Platyrhinops

 
 

Eoscopus

 
 
 
 

Micropholidae

 
 
 

Amphibamidae

 
 
 

Branchiosauridae

 
 
 

Gerobatrachus

 
 

Lissamphibia

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

References
  1. Pérez-Ben, C.M. Schoch, R.R. & Báez, A.M. (2018) Miniaturization and morphological evolution in Paleozoic relatives of living amphibians: a quantitative approach. Paleobiology.
  2. Schoch, R.R. (2018) The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls. Journal of Paleontology. Online edition. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.67.
  3. (see Laurin & Steyer, 2000, for list of apomorphies)
  4. Anderson, J.S. (2008) Focal review: the origin(s) of modern amphibians: Evolutionary Biology, v. 35, p. 231–247.
  5. Schoch, R.R. (2012). "Character distribution and phylogeny of the dissorophid temnospondyls". Fossil Record. 15 (2): 121–137. doi:10.5194/fr-15-121-2012. ISSN 1435-1943.
  6. Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (2019). "Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates reassessed through revision and expansion of the largest published relevant data matrix". PeerJ. 6 (e5565): e5565. doi:10.7717/peerj.5565. PMC 6322490. PMID 30631641.
  7. Laurin, Michel; Lapauze, Océane; Marjanović, David (2019). "What do ossification sequences tell us about the origin of extant amphibians?". bioRxiv: 1–36. doi:10.1101/352609.
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