East Orange, New Jersey

East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census the city's population was 64,270,[9][10][11] reflecting a decline of 5,554 (−8.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 3,728 (−5.1%) from the 73,552 counted in the 1990 Census.[22] The city was the state's 20th most-populous municipality in 2010, after having been the state's 14th most-populous municipality in 2000.[23] The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that the city's population was 64,367 in 2019,[13] ranking the city the 590th-most-populous in the country.[14]

East Orange, New Jersey
City
City of East Orange
East Orange Fire Headquarters
Location in Essex County and the state of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of East Orange, New Jersey
East Orange
Location in Essex County
East Orange
Location in New Jersey
East Orange
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.765055°N 74.211655°W / 40.765055; -74.211655[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Essex
IncorporatedMarch 4, 1863
Government
 • TypeCity
 • BodyCity Council
 • MayorTheodore R. "Ted" Green (D, term ends December 31, 2021)[4][5]
 • AdministratorSolomon Steplight[6]
 • Municipal clerkCynthia Brown[7]
Area
 • Total3.93 sq mi (10.17 km2)
 • Land3.93 sq mi (10.17 km2)
 • Water0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)  0.00%
Area rank301st of 565 in state
10th of 22 in county[1]
Elevation177 ft (54 m)
Population
 • Total64,270
 • Estimate 
(2019)[13]
64,367
 • Rank590th in country (as of 2019)[14]
20th of 566 in state
2nd of 22 in county[15]
 • Density16,377.1/sq mi (6,323.2/km2)
 • Density rank12th of 566 in state
2nd of 22 in county[15]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Codes
07017-07019[16][17]
Area code(s)973[18]
FIPS code3401319390[1][19][20]
GNIS feature ID0885200[1][21]
Websitewww.eastorange-nj.gov

History

East Orange had its origins in Connecticut's New Haven Colony. In 1666, a group of 30 of New Haven's families traveled by water to found "a town on the Passayak" River. They arrived on territory now encompassing Newark, the Oranges, and several other municipalities. The area was situated in the northeast portion of a land grant conveyed by King Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Since Carteret had been Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey, the territory became known as "New Jersey."

East Orange was initially a part of the city of Newark, but it was originally known as "Newark Mountains". On June 7, 1780, the townspeople of Newark Mountains officially voted to adopt the name Orange.[24] At the time, there was a significant number of people in favor of secession from Newark. However, this would not occur until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of the Oranges was finally detached. On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected, but not until March 13, 1860 was Orange officially incorporated as a city. Immediately, the new city began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire, and street departments. South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863. East Orange was reincorporated as a city on December 9, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.[25]

East Orange was known, at one time, for the shade trees that lined the cities residential streets. This is still evident today as many of the tall trees still stand.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 3.93 square miles (10.17 km2), all of which was land.[1][2]

East Orange shares borders with the Essex County municipalities of Newark to the east and south, South Orange to the southwest, Orange to the west, and Glen Ridge and Bloomfield to the north.[26][27][28][29]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Ampere and Brick Church.[30]

Neighborhoods
A reminder of East Orange's former wealth. The Ambrose-Ward Mansion was built in 1898 for a book manufacturer, now the home of the African-American Fund of New Jersey

East Orange is officially divided into five wards, but is also unofficially divided into a number of neighborhoods, still with many well maintained streets and homes.

  • Ampere: Anchored by the now defunct train station of the same name, The Ampere section was developed on land owned by Orange Water Works, after the construction of the Crocker Wheeler Company plant spurred development in the area. The station was named in honor of André-Marie Ampère, a pioneer in electrodynamics and reconstructed as a new Renaissance Revival station in 1907 and 1908. Roughly bounded by Bloomfield to the North, Lawton Street & Newark to the east, 4th Avenue to the south, and North Grove Street to the West.
  • Greenwood (Teen Streets)[31]: So named after Greenwood Avenue and the "teen" streets that run through it. It is often grouped together with Ampere. This area was severely disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280 and the Garden State Parkway. The Grove Street Station of the former DL & W Railroad was located here at Grove and Main Streets. Roughly bounded by 4th Avenue to the North, North 15th Street/Newark to the East, Eaton Place/NJ Transit Morris & Essex Lines, and North Grove Street to the West.
  • Presidential Estates: Recently designated due to the streets in this area being named after early presidents of the United States. There are many large well kept homes situated on streets lined with very old, very large shade trees in this neighborhood that are characteristic of the northern section of the city. Roughly Bounded by Bloomfield to the North, Montclair-Boonton Line and North Grove Street to the East, Springdale Avenue to the South and the Garden State Parkway to the West.
  • Elmwood: Located in the southeastern part of the city. Elmwood Park serves this section of the city, with 7 tennis courts on Rhode Island Avenue, a basketball court on the corner of Elmwood Avenue and Oak Street, a swimming pool with a pool house, a walking track, a baseball field, a softball field and a renovated field house.[32] The area holds one of the surviving Carnegie Libraries, the Elmwood Branch of the East Orange Public Library, opened in 1912.[33]
  • Doddtown (Franklin): Named after John Dodd who founded and surveyed the area of the "Watsessing Plain".[34] The former campus of Upsala College is located here. It was converted into the new East Orange Campus High School on the east side of Prospect Street, and an adjacent new housing subdivision. Roughly bounded by Bloomfield to the North, the Garden State Parkway to the East, Park Avenue to the South and Orange to the West.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18704,315—
18808,34993.5%
189013,28259.1%
190021,50661.9%
191034,37159.8%
192050,71047.5%
193068,02034.1%
194068,9451.4%
195079,34015.1%
196077,259−2.6%
197075,471−2.3%
198077,8783.2%
199073,552−5.6%
200069,824−5.1%
201064,270−8.0%
2019 (est.)64,367[13][35][36]0.2%
Population sources:
1870–1920[37] 1870[38][39]
1870–1890[40] 1880–1890[41]
1890–1910[42] 1900–1930[43]
1930–1990[44] 2000[45][46] 2010[9][10][11][23]

2010 Census

The 2010 United States Census counted 64,270 people, 24,945 households, and 14,742 families in the city. The population density was 16,377.1 per square mile (6,323.2/km2). There were 28,803 housing units at an average density of 7,339.5 per square mile (2,833.8/km2). The racial makeup was 4.13% (2,657) White, 88.51% (56,887) Black or African American, 0.39% (248) Native American, 0.72% (465) Asian, 0.06% (38) Pacific Islander, 3.69% (2,370) from other races, and 2.50% (1,605) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.93% (5,095) of the population.[9]

Of the 24,945 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18; 23.3% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 40.9% were non-families. Of all households, 35.8% were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.33.[9]

25.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 81.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 75.4 males.[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $40,358 (with a margin of error of +/− $1,873) and the median family income was $50,995 (+/− $2,877). Males had a median income of $38,642 (+/− $1,851) versus $39,843 (+/− $2,187) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,298 (+/− $746). About 17.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.5% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.[47]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[19] there were 69,824 people, 26,024 households, and 16,082 families residing in the city. The population density was 17,776.6 people per square mile (6,859.8/km2). There were 28,485 housing units at an average density of 7,252.0 per square mile (2,798.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.46% Black or African American, 3.84% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.14% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.70% of the population.[45][46]

Public playgrounds in East Orange, 1908
A pre-WWII apartment on South Munn Avenue in East Orange.

There were 26,024 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.0% were married couples living together, 28.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.37.[45][46]

In the city the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males.[45][46]

The median income for a household in the city was $32,346, and the median income for a family was $38,562. Males had a median income of $31,905 versus $30,268 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,488. About 15.9% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those ages 65 or over.[45][46]

As part of the 2000 Census, 89.46% of East Orange's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American. This was one of the highest percentages of African American and Caribbean American people in the United States. Migrants from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Haiti and other smaller Caribbean Islands have a huge presence, and East Orange has the second-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside, at 93.6%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying Black American ancestry. East Orange also has a large Haitian American community, with 2,852 persons claiming Haitian ancestry in the 2000 Census.[48]

Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.5% of East Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange (with 2.9%) and East Orange had the highest percentage of people of Guyanese ancestry of all places in the United States with at least 1,000 people identifying their ancestry.[49]

Economy
Central Avenue Commercial Historic District

Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. East Orange was selected in 1996 as one of a group of seven zones added to participate in the program.[50] In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the ​6 5⁄8% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[51] Established in June 1996, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in June 2027.[52]

The main commercial avenues of the city are Central Avenue and Main Street, both of which flow east to west, the latter of which was disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280. Recent efforts have been made to revitalize the commercial area, especially along Main Street and Evergreen Place. New apartments buildings & commercial space have been proposed and built over the last decade. Along South Harrison Street, new apartment buildings have gone up, while existing ones have been updated.

Parks and recreation

East Orange is served by five parks. Paul Robeson Stadium, located on North Clinton Street, hosts local sports teams and typically, the 4th of July fireworks celebration.[53]

The city owns East Orange Golf Course, located 10 miles away in Short Hills.[54]

Government
City Hall

East Orange is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The city is one of 15 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this traditional form of government.[55] The government is comprised of a mayor and a city council made up of ten members, two representing each of the city's five geographic political subdivisions called wards. The mayor is elected directly by the voters. The ten members of the city council are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election in odd-numbered years.[3][26]

The City Council performs the legislative functions of municipal government by enacting ordinances, resolutions or motions, and is responsible for review and adoption of the municipal budget that has been submitted by the mayor.[56]

As of 2020, the Mayor of East Orange, New Jersey is Democrat Theodore R. "Ted" Green, whose term of office ends December 31, 2021.[4] Members of the City Council are Christopher Awe (D, 2021; 2nd Ward - elected to serve unexpired term), Mustafa Al-M. Brent (D, 2023; 5th Ward), Brittany D. Claybrooks (D, 2023; 2nd Ward), Tameika Garrett-Ward (D, 2021; 4th Ward - elected to serve unexpired term), Casim L. Gomez (D, 2023; 4th Ward), Alicia Holman (D, 2021; 5th Ward), Christopher D. James (D, 2021; 1st Ward), Bergson Leneus (D, 2021; 3rd Ward), Amy Lewis (D, 2023; 1st Ward) and Vernon Pullins Jr. (D, 2023; 3rd Ward).[56][57][58][59][60][61] In July 2018, the City Council selected Christopher Awe to fill the Second Ward seat expiring in December 2021 that became vacant when Romal D. Bullock resigned to become the city's tax assessor.[62] In November 2018, Awe was elected to serve the balance of the term of office.[60]

In December 2018, Tameika Garrett-Ward was appointed to fill the Fourth Ward seat expiring in December 2021 that became vacant when Tyshammie L. Cooper was sworn into office on the Essex County Board of chosen freeholders; she was elected to serve the balance of the term in November 2019.[59]

The first African-American Mayor of East Orange was William S. Hart Sr., who was elected to two consecutive terms, serving in office from 1970 to 1978.[63] Hart Middle School was named after him.

Federal, state and county representation
Post Office

East Orange is located in the 10th Congressional District[64] and is part of New Jersey's 34th state legislative district.[10][65][66]

For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald Payne Jr. (D, Newark).[67][68] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[69] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[70][71]

For the 2020–2021 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 34th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nia Gill (D, Montclair) and in the General Assembly by Thomas P. Giblin (D, Montclair) and Britnee Timberlake (D, East Orange).[72][73]

Essex County is governed by a directly-elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders.[74] As of 2018, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland).[75] The county's Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, four elected on an at-large basis and one from each of five wards, who serve three-year terms of office on a concurrent basis, all of which end December 31, 2018.[74][76][77] Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Brendan W. Gill (D, at-large; Montclair),[78] Freeholder Vice President Wayne L. Richardson (D, District 2 – Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of West Ward; Newark),[79] Janine G. Bauer (D, District 3 - East Orange, Newark's West and Central Wards, Orange and South Orange; South Orange, appointed to serve on an interim basis),[80] Rufus I. Johnson (D, at large; Newark),[81] Lebby C. Jones (D, at large; Irvington),[82] Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell),[83] Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark),[84] Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Bloomfield)[85] and Patricia Sebold (D, at large; Livingston).[86][76][87][88] Constitutional officers elected countywide are County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell; D, 2020),[89][90] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (Fairfield; D, 2018)[91][92] and Surrogate Theodore N. Stephens II (D, 2021).[93][94][76]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 36,280 registered voters in East Orange, of which 21,646 (59.7%) were registered as Democrats, 396 (1.1%) were registered as Republicans and 14,228 (39.2%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered to other parties.[95]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 98.5% of the vote (24,862 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1.3% (330 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (46 votes), among the 25,375 ballots cast by the city's 39,668 registered voters (137 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 64.0%.[96][97] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 97.7% of the vote (24,718 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1.6% (408 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (35 votes), among the 25,304 ballots cast by the city's 36,891 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.6%.[98] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 93.2% of the vote (19,447 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 5.9% (1,225 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (128 votes), among the 20,856 ballots cast by the city's 33,328 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 62.6.[99]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 88.0% of the vote (9,413 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 11.3% (1,212 votes), and other candidates with 0.7% (75 votes), among the 11,269 ballots cast by the city's 41,016 registered voters (569 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%.[100][101] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 94.4% of the vote (12,554 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2.9% (380 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.2% (153 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (63 votes), among the 13,295 ballots cast by the city's 36,157 registered voters, yielding a 36.8% turnout.[102]

Education

The East Orange School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.[103] The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[104] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[105][106]

As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 20 schools, had an enrollment of 10,072 students and 744.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.5:1.[107] Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[108]) are Althea Gibson Early Childhood Academy[109] (159 students; in grades PreK and K), Wahlstrom Early Childhood Center[110] (156; PreK-K), Benjamin Banneker Academy[111] (511; PreK-5), Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence[112] (609; PreK-5), George Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology[113] (325; PreK-5), Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. Academy[114] (193; K-5), Mildred Barry Garvin School[115] (356; PreK-5), Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts[116] (369; PreK-8), Langston Hughes Elementary School[117] (589; PreK-5), J. Garfield Jackson Sr. Academy[118] (256; K-5), Ecole Touissant Louverture[119] (297; PreK-5), Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television[120] (285; PreK-5), Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School[121] (504; PreK-5), Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship[122] (462; PreK-5), Future Ready Prep[123] (NA; 6-7), Patrick F. Healy Middle School[124] (392; 7), John L. Costley Middle School[125] (367; 8), Sojourner Truth Middle School[126] (406; 6), Cicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts[127] (740; 6-12), East Orange Campus High School[128] located on the former campus of Upsala College (1,651; 9-12), East Orange STEM Academy[129] (358; 9-12) and Fresh Start Academy Middle / High - Glenwood Campus[130] (NA; 6-12).[131][132]

East Orange Community Charter School is a public charter school that operates independently of the school district under a charter granted by the New Jersey Department of Education.[133]

The East Orange Public Library at one time included three branch buildings of the original 36 Carnegie-funded libraries in New Jersey.[134] It has a collection of 344,000 volumes and circulates about 319,000 items annually[135] from four locations.

Ahlus Sunnah School is a K-12 madrasah that has been in East Orange since 2005.[136]

Healthcare

East Orange is served by East Orange General Hospital, located on Central Avenue in the southern part of the city. The 211 bed hospital is the only independent, fully accredited, acute care hospital in Essex County. The hospital was recently acquired by Prospect Medical Systems. East Orange is also home to the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, also known as the East Orange VA Hospital. It is located on Tremont Avenue near S.Orange Ave. and serves many vets from the region.[137]

Transportation

Roads and highways
View south along the Garden State Parkway approaching the exit for Interstate 280 in East Orange

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 83.43 miles (134.27 km) of roadways, of which 73.27 miles (117.92 km) were maintained by the municipality, 6.30 miles (10.14 km) by Essex County, 1.52 miles (2.45 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 2.34 miles (3.77 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[138]

The Garden State Parkway passes through the city, connecting Newark in the south to Bloomfield in the north.[139] The Parkway is accessible at Interchange 145 for Interstate 280 and at Interchange 147 for Springdale Avenue.[140] Interstate 280 crosses the city from east to west, connecting Orange to the west and Newark to the east.

Public transportation

Local transportation around the city and into neighboring communities is provided by ONE Bus bus routes 24 & 44 and multiple NJ Transit public bus lines, which includes routes 5, 21, 34, 41, 71, 73, 79, 90, 92, 94, and 97.[141][142]

New Jersey Transit operates two commuter rail train stations in East Orange, both located along the Morris & Essex Lines.[143] The East Orange station is located beside the westbound lanes of Interstate 280, directly across its parking lot from East Orange City Hall.[144] Just one mile west up Main Street is Brick Church station, the city's second rail stop and the more heavily used of the two.[145] Both have seven-day service to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan as well as weekday service to Hoboken Terminal.

The Montclair-Boonton Line runs through the Ampere neighborhood of the city on the east, after splitting off from the Morris & Essex Lines just east of the city line in Newark. Ampere station was a former stop on the line near Ampere Parkway & Springdale Avenue which opened in 1890, but closed in 1991 due to low ridership. Residents can use nearby Watsessing Avenue station in neighboring Bloomfield. Another former stop was Grove Street Station, a mile east of Brick Church, also closed in 1991.

The city is 7.8 miles (12.6 km) from Newark Liberty International Airport in the nearby cities of Newark and Elizabeth.

Sister city

East Orange is a sister city of:

Country City County/District/Province/Region/State Date
 Kenya Nakuru Nakuru County unknown [146]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with East Orange include:

References
  1. 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 1, 2020.
  2. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  3. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 148.
  4. Office of the Mayor, City of East Orange. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  5. 2020 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  6. City Administrator, City of East Orange. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  7. City Clerk, City of East Orange. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  8. "City of East Orange". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  9. DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  10. Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  11. Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for East Orange city Archived May 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  12. "2010 Census Populations", Asbury Park Press. Accessed September 11, 2011.
  13. QuickFacts for East Orange city, New Jersey; Essex County, New Jersey; New Jersey from Population estimates, July 1, 2019, (V2019), United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
  14. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2019 Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 1, 2020. Note that townships (including Edison, Lakewood and Woodbridge, all of which have larger populations) are excluded from these rankings.
  15. GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey , United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  16. orange&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for East Orange, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  17. ZIP Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  18. Area Code Lookup – NPA NXX for East Orange, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  19. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  20. Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed September 1, 2019.
  21. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  22. Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  23. The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed November 3, 2019.
  24. Pierson, David Lawrence. History of the Oranges to 1921: Reviewing the Rise, Development and Progress of an Influential Community – Volume 1. Lewis Historical Publishing Company, New York, 1922. OCLC 3884577. See Chapter XXIX – The Name Orange Adopted, Page 155. Available via Google Books
  25. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 127. Accessed February 4, 2017.
  26. Ward Boundaries, City of East Orange. Accessed November 3, 2019.
  27. Areas touching East Orange, MapIt. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  28. Municipalities, Essex County, New Jersey Register of Deeds and Mortgages. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  29. New Jersey Municipal Boundaries, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  30. Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 4, 2015.
  31. "An Energy Plan For The City of East Orange, New Jersey" Archived September 16, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, October 2010. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  32. About Our Parks Archived September 16, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, City of East Orange. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  33. Hart, Bill. East Orange in Vintage Postcards, P. 28. Arcadia Publishing, 2000. ISBN 978-0-7385-0457-5. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  34. Daniel Dodd settles on land near Watsessing Plain, East Orange Interactive Museum. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  35. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
  36. Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2020.
  37. Compendium of censuses 1726–1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  38. Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, pp. 245-6, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed October 9, 2013. "East Orange township was formed from part of the town of Orange, March 4th, 1863, and in 1870 contained a population of 4,315."
  39. Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  40. Salisbury, Rollin D. The Physical Geography of New Jersey: Volume IV. of the Final Report of the State Geologist, p. 154. Trenton, New Jersey, The John L. Murphy Publishing Company, 1898. Accessed May 24, 2012.
  41. Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III – 51 to 75, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  42. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 336. Accessed October 9, 2013. Population for 1890 is listed in footnote 11.
  43. Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 – Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 710. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  44. Table 6. New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930–1990, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed August 9, 2016.
  45. Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for East Orange city, New Jersey Archived May 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  46. DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  47. DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  48. African American Communities Archived March 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed June 28, 2006.
  49. Guyanese Communities Archived July 13, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed August 21, 2006.
  50. Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "The legislation was amended in 1996 to include seven additional zones. They were all predetermined and include East Orange, Guttenberg, Hillside, Irvington, North Bergen, Pemberton and West New York."
  51. Urban Enterprise Zone Program, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"
  52. Urban Enterprise Zones Effective and Expiration Dates, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.
  53. Points of Interest, City of East Orange. Accessed November 3, 2019.
  54. Golf Course, City of East Orange. Accessed November 3, 2019.
  55. Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed November 18, 2019.
  56. Meet the City Council, City of East Orange. Accessed March 29, 2020. As of date accessed, Garrett-Ward is listed with an incorrect term-end year of 2023
  57. 2019 Municipal User Friendly Budget, City of East Orange. Accessed November 3, 2019.
  58. Essex County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed March 29, 2020.
  59. November 5, 2019, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey Clerk, updated November 14, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2020.
  60. November 6, 2018, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 22, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2019.
  61. November 7, 2017, General Election Unofficial Results, Essex County, New Jersey, updated November 16, 2017. Accessed January 1, 2018.
  62. Sykes, Chris. "James to replace outgoing chairman as Awe is sworn in", Essex News Daily, July 14, 2018. Accessed November 3, 2019. "The East Orange City Council elected 1st Ward Councilman Chris James as its new chairman and Mayor Ted Green swore in new 2nd Ward Councilman Chris Awe at the council’s meeting on Monday, July 9. James is replacing Romal Bullock, the former chairman and 2nd Ward councilman, who resigned, effective Saturday, June 30, to become the city’s new tax assessor. Awe is taking over Bullock’s 2nd Ward seat."
  63. Herbers, John. "Voters Ignoring The Party Label; Elections Indicate Decline in Organizations' Stability -- Polarization Grows Returns Across Country", The New York Times, November 6, 1969. Accessed December 17, 2011. "For example, William S. Hart, a Democrat, was elected the first Negro Mayor of a major New Jersey municipality, East Orange."
  64. Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.
  65. 2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.
  66. Districts by Number for 2011–2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  67. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  68. Biography, Congressman Donald M. Payne Jr. Accessed January 3, 2019. "U.S. Representative Donald M. Payne, Jr. is a lifelong resident of Newark, New Jersey."
  69. About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  70. Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert."
  71. Senators of the 116th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed April 17, 2019. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  72. Legislative Roster 2020-2021 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed December 10, 2020.
  73. District 34 Legislators, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed December 10, 2020.
  74. General Information, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018. "The County Executive, elected from the County at-large, for a four-year term, is the chief political and administrative officer of the County.... The Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected at-large. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November."
  75. Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  76. County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  77. Definition of a Freeholder, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  78. Brendan W. Gill, Freeholder President / At-Large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  79. Wayne L. Richardson, Freeholder Vice President, District 2, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  80. Janine G. Bauer, Freeholder District 3, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  81. Rufus I. Johnson, Freeholder At-Large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  82. Lebby C. Jones, Freeholder At-Large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  83. Leonard M. Luciano, Freeholder District 4, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  84. Robert Mercado, Freeholder District 1, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  85. Carlos M. Pomares, Freeholder District 5, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  86. Patricia Sebold, Freeholder At-Large, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  87. Members of the Board, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  88. Breakdown of Freeholder Districts, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  89. About The Clerk, Essex County Clerk. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  90. Members List: Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  91. Armando B. Fontura, Essex County Sheriff's Office. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  92. Members List: Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  93. Meet Surrogate Stephens, Essex County Surrogate. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  94. Members List: Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  95. Voter Registration Summary – Essex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  96. "Presidential General Election Results – November 6, 2012 – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  97. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 6, 2012 – General Election Results – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  98. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  99. 2004 Presidential Election: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  100. "Governor – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  101. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast – November 5, 2013 – General Election Results – Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  102. 2009 Governor: Essex County Archived February 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  103. East Orange Board of Education Bylaws 0110 - Identification, East Orange School District. Accessed March 29, 2020. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through twelve in the East Orange School District. Composition: The East Orange School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of the city of East Orange in the County of Essex."
  104. Abbott School Districts, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed March 1, 2020.
  105. What We Do, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2020.
  106. SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2020.
  107. District information for East Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  108. School Data for the East Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.
  109. Althea Gibson Early Childhood Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  110. Wahlstrom Early Childhood Center, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  111. Benjamin Banneker Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  112. Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  113. George Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  114. Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  115. Mildred Barry Garvin School, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  116. Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  117. Langston Hughes Elementary School, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  118. J. Garfield Jackson Sr. Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  119. Ecole Touissant Louverture, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  120. Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  121. Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  122. Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  123. Future Ready Prep, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  124. Patrick F. Healy Middle School, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  125. John L. Costley Middle School, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  126. Sojourner Truth Middle School, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  127. Cicely L. Tyson Community School of Performing and Fine Arts, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  128. East Orange Campus High School, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  129. East Orange STEM Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  130. Fresh Start Academy Middle / High - Glenwood Campus, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  131. Meet the East Orange Schools, East Orange School District. Accessed May 8, 2020.
  132. New Jersey School Directory for the East Orange School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 29, 2016.
  133. School Profile, East Orange Community Charter School. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  134. Meet the East Orange Public Library, East Orange Public Library. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  135. East Orange Public Library, librarytechnology.org. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  136. About, Ahlus Sunnah School. Accessed February 4, 2017.
  137. About Us, East Orange General Hospital. Accessed November 3, 2019.
  138. Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  139. Garden State Parkway Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, January 1997. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  140. Travel Resources: Interchanges, Service Areas & Commuter Lots, New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  141. "Essex County Bus / Rail Connections". Archived from the original on May 22, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2009.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2011.
  142. Essex County System Map, NJ Transit. Accessed November 2, 2019.
  143. Morristown Line, NJ Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  144. East Orange station, NJ Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  145. Brick Church station, NJ Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  146. "Online Directory: New Jersey, USA". Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2013.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Sister Cities International, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 5, 2008. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  147. Denis, Paul.Daytime TV's Star Directory, p. 30. Popular Library, 1976. Accessed July 21, 2019. "David Ackroyd Personal Life: Born in East Orange, N.J., David's family (of Irish-English background) moved to Wayne, N.J., when he was 12."
  148. via Associated Press. "'Roots' Lead Man Waiting For Windfall", Ocala Star-Banner, February 14, 1977. Accessed January 23, 2011.
  149. Celebrity Rap Superstar › Cast › Jamal Anderson (Contestant), MTV. Accessed October 9, 2013. "Born in East Orange, N.J., Jamal Anderson was a running back with the NFL's Atlanta Falcons from 1994–2001."
  150. Billy Ard, NFL.com. Accessed August 29, 2015.
  151. Norman Batten, Motor Sport (magazine). Accessed July 7, 2017.
  152. Bloom, Harold. "James Blish: 1921-1975", Science fiction writers of the golden age, p. 63. Chelsea House, 1995. ISBN 0-7910-2199-8. "James Blish 1921–1975 James Benjamin Blish was born on May 23, 1921, in East Orange, New Jersey, the only child of Asa Rhodes Blish and Dorothea Schneewind Blish."
  153. Alvin Bowen, Iowa State Cyclones football. Accessed March 14, 2018. "Hometown: East Orange, N.J.; Highschool: Montclair"
  154. Kinney, Mike. "Essex Basketball: Former East Orange players to honor Bobb Lester Monday night", The Star-Ledger, December 3, 2010. Accessed May 4, 2015. "Among the former East Orange stars expected are 1972 grad Mike Dabney, who later became an All-American at Rutgers, Clyde Bradshaw, Mike Booker and Cleveland Eugene."
  155. Hanson, Bruce K. Peter Pan on Stage and Screen, 1904–2010, 2d ed., p. 127. McFarland & Company, 2011. ISBN 9780786486199. Accessed November 6, 2017. "Born Elizabeth Ada Bronson in Trenton, New Jersey, on November 17, 1907, she left East Orange High School and convinced her parents to let her move to California to aid her career in films."
  156. Staff. "Aide Named for Ackerman", Columbia Spectator, Volume LV, Number 62, January 6, 1932. Accessed November 6, 2017. "Mr. Brucker, who has traveled extensively in Europe and served on the staffs of several papers and magazines in this country, is a native of Passaic, N. J., where he was born Oct. 4, 1898. He prepared for college at the Morristown School and the East Orange High School."
  157. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, Volume 203, Part 1, p. 269. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1988. Accessed April 1, 2019. "Ms. Bush was born in East Orange March 16, 1953. She attended East Orange High School and Cornell University, where she received her degree in 1975."
  158. Schwaneberg, Robert. "Education building honors a champion: Rights lawyer Carter argued Brown case" Archived December 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, copy of article from The Star-Ledger, November 21, 2006, at the Warren County Education Association. Accessed March 5, 2012. "Almost 54 years ago, Robert L. Carter stood before the U.S. Supreme Court and argued that segregated schools can never be equal.... Yesterday, the Trenton building that houses the state Department of Education was dedicated in honor of Carter, who grew up in Newark and East Orange and is now a federal judge in New York.... Born in Florida, Carter was 6 weeks old when his family moved to Newark. He attended Barringer High School in Newark and East Orange High School, graduating at age 16 after skipping two grades."
  159. Matos, Michaelangelo. "Kerri Chandler spins a little bit—OK, a lot—of jazz in this week’s recommended mix", City Pages, November 30, 2017. Accessed August 24, 2018. "Kerri Chandler knows a thing or two about slipping between and tying together musical worlds. Before his career as a deep-house producer took off, the East Orange, New Jersey-bred Chandler made hip-hop beats, working with future major-label rapper Chino XL."
  160. Lustig, Jay. "Bill Chinnock tribute hits the Stone Pony on Saturday", The Star-Ledger, March 26, 2010. Accessed September 24, 2013. "Chinnock was born in Newark, and spent most of his childhood in Millburn and East Orange."
  161. Pareles, Jon. "Shooting for Excess", The New York Times, September 9, 1996. Accessed January 23, 2011. "Sharing the bill was Chino XL, a fast-talking rapper from East Orange, NJ, who respects no one."
  162. Lindheim, Burton. "Margaret Clapp, 64, Dies; Wellesley Ex‐President", The New York Times, May 4, 1974. Accessed November 6, 2017. "Miss Clapp was born April 11, 1910, in East Orange, N. J., and graduated hi 1930‐from Wellesley, where as a senior she held the highest elective student office, that of president of College Government."
  163. Troy CLE, The Tavis Smiley Show, September 7, 2007. Accessed November 29, 2007. "A native of East Orange, NJ, CLE has worked as a student teacher in the NYC public school system and as a hip-hop producer."
  164. "Sports", Colby Alumnus, Vol. 45, No. 3: Spring 1956, p. 18. Accessed January 2, 2018. "Born in East Orange, New Jersey, Clifford lived in New Haven from 1929-1939, graduating from Wilbur Cross High School."
  165. Davey, Randall, Columbus Museum. Accessed July 11, 2019. "Born in East Orange, New Jersey, Randall Davey became an influential figure in early 20th century art including the art community of Santa Fe. He became a painter of portraits, still lifes, nude figures, and horse-racing genre."
  166. Braziler, Zach. "NJ player goes from unknown quantity to Eagles starter", New York Post, September 23, 2017. Accessed November 6, 2017. "A year ago at this time, Rasul Douglas was an unknown college football player.... A baseball and basketball player growing up in poverty-stricken East Orange, N.J., he played just two years of varsity football at East Orange Campus High School, and because of academic problems, went to Nassau Community College on Long Island."
  167. Staff. "Mattituck", The Long Island Traveler Mattituck Watchman, June 21, 1945. Accessed May 14, 2016. "Captain and Mrs. Philip Egner of East Orange, N. J., have been guests at the home of their cousin, Mrs. Alvah S. Mulford on the Main Road. Capt. Egner, before retiring, was at West Point twenty-five years."
  168. Shanker, Thom. "Adm. William J. Fallon: An Experienced Naval Officer, and a Diplomat", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Accessed December 10, 2007. "William Joseph Fallon was born Dec. 30, 1944, in East Orange, N.J., and raised in Merchantville."
  169. Hersh, Bob. "For Thompson, Atoms' Pilot, Critical Decision Lies Ahead", The New York Times, June 27, 1976. Accessed September 8, 2017. "Gale Fitzgerald of East Orange, N.J., will compete in the pentathlon in Montreal, as she did in Munich in 1972."
  170. Chris Fletcher Statistics, JustSportsStats.com. Accessed November 6, 2017.
  171. Franklin William Fort, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 22, 2007.
  172. Staff. "Flight Leader Dies In Flaming Crash; Major Geiger, Commander of Aberdeen (Md.) Field, Is Burned to Death. Fails In Desperate Jump Accident Occurs at Olmstead Field, Pa. – Was a Native of East Orange, N.J.", The New York Times, May 18, 1927. Accessed August 11, 2017.
  173. Magee, Jerry. "Tennis pioneer Althea Gibson dies at 76: U.S., Wimbledon champ paved the way for blacks" Archived April 15, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, The San Diego Union-Tribune, September 29, 2003. Accessed January 23, 2011. "No player of either gender in any sport arguably overcame more in becoming a champion than Gibson, who died yesterday in East Orange, N.J., where she was a semi-recluse."
  174. AFC honors go to three first-time winners, NFL.com, December 6, 2006. "The East Orange, N.J., native directed the club on two drives of more than 90 yards, both resulting in touchdowns."
  175. Mickle, Paul. "Opening arguments begin in Tate George fraud trial", New Haven Register, September 10, 2013. Accessed June 3, 2015. "After opening arguments Tuesday morning before U.S. District Court Judge Mary L. Cooper, Knight took the stand and told federal prosecutor Joseph Shumofsky he and George grew up in the same East Orange neighborhood."
  176. Katchmer, George A. A Biographical Dictionary of Silent Film Western Actors and Actresses, p. 132. McFarland & Company, 2009. ISBN 9781476609058. Accessed October 4, 2018. "Eugenia Gilbert falls into that almost anonymous category containing so many of her co-stars in the silent era. It is assumed that she was born in 1905 in East Orange, New Jersey, as she first appeared in a musical comedy in 1920 at age 15."
  177. "Andy Grammer to open 2018 balloon festival concert series", Hunterdon County Democrat, March 1, 2018. Accessed October 4, 2018. "His father is Red Grammer, an East Orange native and Grammy-nominated children's recording artist."
  178. Smialek, Thomas (2013–2014). "America's 'Young Lady Saxophonist' of the Gilded Age: The Performances, Critical Reception, and Repertoire of Bessie Mecklem". The Saxophone Symposium. 36–37: 90–123.
  179. Kennedy, Greg. "The disabled acting community works to end of decades of 'invisibility'", The National (Abu Dhabi), November 19, 2012. Accessed December 5, 2018. "Robert David Hall... This native of East Orange, New Jersey, has also appeared in the movies Starship Troopers and The Negotiator and the TV series The West Wing and LA Law."
  180. 'Illinois Blue Book 1981–1982,' Biographical Sketch of Mary Jeanne "Molly" Hallstrom, p. 70.
  181. Jensen, Trevor. "Mary Jeanne 'Dolly' Hallstrom: 1924–2006; Won office after suffering stroke; Republican legislator served in Illinois House and with the state Human Rights Commission", Chicago Tribune, August 6, 2006. Accessed June 3, 2015. "Mrs. Hallstrom was born in East Orange, N.J., and attended Catholic boarding school, her son said."
  182. "Eric Hamp from Ward 2 East Orange in 1940 Census District 7-97". www.archives.com. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  183. The State of Jazz: Meet 40 More Jersey Greats, The Star-Ledger, September 28, 2004.
  184. Staff. "Vincent S. Haneman, 75, of Jersey Supreme Court", The New York Times, January 12, 1978. Accessed July 4, 2016. "Mr. Haneman was born in Brooklyn and grew up in East Orange."
  185. Percy, Eileen. "Durante Will Be Made an M. G. M. Star; 'Schnozzle; Has Ste Record for Saving Pictures.", The Milwaukee Sentinel, October 26, 1932. "Ann Harding began hers 15 years ago in a dramatic class at East Orange High school."
  186. O'Brien, J. Scott. Ann Harding: Cinema's Gallant Lady, BearManor Media, 2010. ISBN 978-1-59393-535-1.
  187. Remo, Jessica. "N.J. activist, champion of African-American heritage dies at 76", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 30, 2016. Accessed November 6, 2017. "Harvey was born in East Orange and graduated from East Orange High School in 1957, according to his website."
  188. Brown, Emma. "J.C. Hayward: A long-time local benefactor awaits a legal resolution", The Washington Post, December 17, 2013. Accessed November 27, 2017. "Born Jacqueline Hayward, she grew up an only child in East Orange, N.J., just outside of Newark, where she learned to play the classical piano and babysat the boy across the street."
  189. McFadden, Robert D. "Carolyn Heilbrun, Pioneering Feminist Scholar, Dies at 77", The New York Times, October 11, 2003. Accessed March 1, 2012. "Carolyn Gold Heilbrun was born on Jan. 13, 1926, in East Orange, N.J., the only child of Archibald Gold, an accountant, and Estelle Roemer Gold, who, her daughter would recall, 'sat at home and was bored out of her mind.' The family moved to Manhattan when Ms. Heilbrun was 6, and she became a voracious reader, devouring Nancy Drew and Judy Bolton mysteries and, as a teenager, the novels of Virginia Woolf and Willa Cather."
  190. Farrell, Mary D. "France Cox Henderson", Handbook of Texas Online. Accessed November 4, 2014. "In the last years of her life she was busy as a community leader in East Orange, New Jersey. She established the House of the Good Shepherd for aged and invalid women and a laundry for older women who were able to work."
  191. Elizabeth H. Oakes (2007). Encyclopedia of World Scientists. Infobase Publishing. pp. 327–328. ISBN 978-1438118826. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
  192. "Back to the Magic: Hill Returns to Orlando", Orlando Magic. Accessed March 6, 2008.
  193. Buffum, Joanna. "That Thing; Aug 9: Ms. Lauryn Hill, the iconic East Orange native, rapper, actress and original member of ground-breaking hip-hop group the Fugees, takes the stage at the Count Basie Theatre." Archived December 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Monthly, July 31, 2014. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  194. Biography: Lauryn Hill Archived November 4, 2014[Date mismatch], at the Wayback Machine, Academy of Achievement, last updated October 8, 2013. Accessed November 4, 2014. "Lauryn Noelle Hill was born in East Orange, New Jersey, and grew up in nearby South Orange."
  195. Seelye, Katharine Q. "Fred Hills, Editor of Nabokov and Many Others, Dies at 85; A longtime editor at Simon & Schuster, he brought to market both commercial hits and literary prizewinners and edited more than 50 New York Times best sellers.", The New York Times, November 20, 2020. Accessed November 22, 2020. "Frederic Wheeler Hills Jr., who was born on Nov. 26, 1934, in East Orange, N.J., may have been destined for the literary life at birth — he was delivered by William Carlos Williams, the pediatrician-cum-poet."
  196. Stetler, Carrie. "What happened to Whitney?" Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Seattle Times, March 22, 2004. Accessed January 23, 2011. "Houston was born in Newark, N.J., and reared in East Orange, the daughter of acclaimed gospel/soul singer Cissy Houston, who sang backup for everyone from Aretha Franklin to Elvis Presley."
  197. Staff. "Interview With Karen Hunter Of SiriusXM", Hip NJ, March 29, 2016. Accessed December 10, 2018. "Karen was born and raised in East Orange, New Jersey. She attended Catholic school before studying at Drew University in Madison, NJ."
  198. Houlihan, Mary. "Ian has learned the truth from controversies" Archived August 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Sun-Times, April 23, 2004. Accessed December 18, 2007. "Ian grew up in East Orange, N.J., in a musical family."
  199. The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures, Sports Illustrated, December 27, 1999.
  200. Presinzano, Jessica. "Celebrities, politicians and athletes who call North Jersey home", The Record (North Jersey), October 11, 2017. Accessed October 28, 2017. "Malcolm Jenkins, safety for the Philadelphia Eagles, was born and raised in East Orange."
  201. Reinhard, Paul. "Anything Is Possible For Jarrod", The Morning Call, July 30, 1991. Accessed October 24, 2011. "Well, by the time he graduated from Seton Hall Prep in West Orange, N.J., Johnson had blossomed into a 243-pound center. 'It's good I didn't gain another 100 pounds between my freshman and senior years in college,' he quipped yesterday during a telephone conversation. Johnson, an East Orange, N.J., native who as a young boy rooted for the Pittsburgh Steelers after watching them win Super Bowl IX, became an outstanding center at Lehigh University."
  202. David Jones, Pro-Football-Reference.com. Accessed December 12, 2018. "Born: November 9, 1968 (Age: 50-033d) in East Orange, NJ... High School: Hillside (NJ)"
  203. Colonel E. Lester Jones, NOAA. Accessed December 20, 2007. "Ernest Lester Jones, the son of Charles Hopkins and Ida (Lester) Jones was born in East Orange, New Jersey on April 14, 1876."
  204. "Assemblyman LeRoy J. Jones Jr". Archived from the original on February 25, 1998. Retrieved May 12, 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), New Jersey Legislature backed up as of February 25, 1998. Accessed June 7, 2010.
  205. Trammell, Matthew. "Uptown Anthems; Naughty by Nature salute a quarter century of call-and-response.", The New Yorker, May 2, 2016. Accessed February 2, 2020. "In 1991, Anthony Criss, Vincent Brown, and Keir Gist, two rappers and a d.j. from East Orange, New Jersey, better known as Treach, Vin Rock, and DJ Kay Gee, immortalized a three-letter acronym for cheaters worldwide."
  206. Brandin Knight Archived July 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Pitt Panthers men's basketball. Accessed June 3, 2015.
  207. Brevin Knight, New Jersey Sports Heroes. Accessed June 3, 2015. "Brevin Adon Knight was born November 8, 1975 in Livingston. He grew up in East Orange, and was the first of two accomplished basketball players in the family. Brandin, six years younger, also played pro ball."
  208. Roberts, Kathaleen. "Artist’s cyanotypes are blueprints of the natural world", Albuquerque Journal, May 4, 2014. Accessed January 7, 2021. "'I grew up in Newark and East Orange, New Jersey,' Leis said."
  209. Stewardship Stories/32.FirstFemaleFieldBiologist.pdf "The First Female Field Biologist; Elizabeth 'Betty' Losey", Conservation Gateway. Accessed March 14, 2018. "Born in East Orange, New Jersey in 1912, Mrs. Losey graduated high school in Lynn, Massachusetts before earning her bachelor's degree in 1934 and her master's degree in 1946 from the University of Michigan."
  210. Staff. "Gold Tee Designer Dead. Dr. William Lowell of Jersey Patented Reddy Device in '21", The New York Times, June 25, 1954. Accessed August 6, 2019. "East Orange, N.J., June 24- Dr. William Lowell, designer of the Reddy Golf Tee, which came into universal use in the sport, died yesterday at Orange Memorial Hospital after a short illness.... Born in Hoboken, he lived in South Orange, Maplewood and Summit before moving here four years ago."
  211. History of Clara Louise Maass, Clara Maass Medical Center. Accessed August 6, 2019. "Clara Louise Maass was born on June 28, 1876 in East Orange, NJ, the first of 10 children."
  212. Parker, Ev. "Parker's Pen: 'I Surrender Dear'", Napa Valley Register, January 3, 2011. Accessed January 23, 2011. "MacRae, once a kid from East Orange, N.J., sang 'Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin' from the musical Oklahoma."
  213. Durso, Joseph. "3 Starters Typify Mets' New Deal; Three New Pets Which Hot Dog Is First?", The New York Times, March 7, 1978. Accessed January 23, 2011.
  214. Pilgrim Journey, Wayne State University Press. Accessed September 24, 2007. "The daughter of a Baptist pastor, Madgett was born in Virginia and moved with her family to East Orange, New Jersey as a toddler."
  215. Derby, George; and White, James Terry. The National Cyclopædia of American Biography, p. 55. Accessed November 16, 2017. "McCarroll, Marion Clyde, columnist, was born in East Orange, N. J., May 8, 1891, daughter of James Renwick Thompson and Helen Fredericks Stoughton (Loomis) McCarroll."
  216. Fitzgerlad's Legislative Manual 1984, p. 254. Accessed February 10, 2020. "Stephen A. Mikulak, Rep, Woodbridge - Assemblyman Mikulak was born in East Orange Oct. 15, 1948."
  217. Daniel F. Minahan, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
  218. About Justice Worrall F. Mountain, American Inns of Court. Accessed June 15, 2016. "Born on June 28, 1909 in East Orange, Worrall Mountain became a pillar of the New Jersey bar."
  219. Kasper, Shirl. Annie Oakley, p. 189. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992). ISBN 978-0-8061-3244-0. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  220. Norris, Chris. "Pop Goes the Ghetto", New York (magazine), June 19, 1995. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Treach – Naughty's machete-wielding, padlock-and-chain-wearing lead rapper – was drawing lines in his lyrics between Them and Us, set in a musical backdrop that erased them. And with that – and two more giant-selling singles – three kids from the slums of East Orange, New Jersey, became a pop band."
  221. Newman, Melinda. "Naturi's a Natural", New Jersey Monthly, December 8, 2008. Accessed September 19, 2012. "East Orange native Naturi Naughton plays rapper Lil' Kim in a film about the life of hip-hop artist Notorious B.I.G., which opens Jan. 16."
  222. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, Volume 164, p. 278. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1940. Accessed November 6, 2017. "C. Milford Orben (Rep., Millburn) - Mr. Orben was born In Newark, New Jersey, on June 28, 1808; son of Charles S. and Mabel Orben. Educated East Orange Grammar and High Schools, Pennsylvania State College."
  223. Maslin, Janet. "A Yalie's Promising Future Competed With a Darker Side; The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace, by Jeff Hobbs", The New York Times, September 10, 2014. Accessed June 10, 2016. "When Jackie found out what public school was like in East Orange, N.J., where they lived, she scrimped enough to get him a Catholic school education."
  224. Staff. "Elizabeth Peer, Senior Writer For Newsweek, Is Dead at 48", The New York Times, June 5, 1984. Accessed September 28, 2016. "Miss Peer was born in East Orange, N.J., and graduated from the Connecticut College for Women in 1957."
  225. Cooper, Darren. "Exclusive: Michigan's Jabrill Peppers adds fuel to Don Bosco-Paramus Catholic recruiting feud", The Record (North Jersey), October 9, 2014. Accessed September 28, 2016. "When I finally enrolled, I was then living in East Orange where a lot of the other guys he recruited lived. He had a coach pick us up and drop us off every day for school and practice."
  226. Shugrue, Edward J. "Between Ourselves", Bridgeport Post, October 20, 1963. Accessed January 11, 2021, via Newspapers.com. "Chickie, whose proper name is Angela Marie Poisson, was born in East Orange, N. J., in 1931."
  227. Kocieniewski, David. "Judge Leaving High Court After 20 Years as Unifier", The New York Times, February 26, 1999. Accessed June 14, 2016. "Judge Pollock was born in East Orange and raised in Brookside, back when it had only 1,300 residents and a four-room schoolhouse."
  228. "The Robertson Treatment Vol. 6.7; Queen Latifah holding court in Hollywood!", Baltimore Afro-American, March 28, 2003. Accessed December 11, 2007. "'I've always loved musicals,' admits the actress who was born Dana Owens and was raised in the East Orange, NJ area and who presently lives in Rumson, NJ."
  229. "Eddie Rabbitt, 56, Whose Songs Zigzagged From Pop to Country", The New York Times, May 9, 1998. Accessed May 24, 2012. "The son of Irish immigrants, he was born in Brooklyn and raised in East Orange, N.J."
  230. "Schettino Reaches Goal of Every Judge", Asbury Park Press, January 20, 1959. Accessed November, 2017. "The Supreme Court nominee was born in East Orange, son of the late Joseph and Maria Schettino. After his graduation from East Orange High School and Rutgers University, he went to Columbia Law School where he received hli law degree in 1933."
  231. Staff. "Shareefa's 'Point of No Return' Hits Stores October 24", Starpulse.com, October 8, 2006. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Raised between Brick City (Newark) and East Orange, young Shareefa was a fan of legendary singers from the time she was a child."
  232. Newton P. Stallknecht papers, 1922-1980, bulk 1950-1971, Indiana University Archives Onlie. Accessed December 14, 2019. "Newton P. Stallknecht was born in East Orange, New Jersey, on October 24, 1906."
  233. Appelbaum, Binyamin. "Nobel in Economics Is Awarded to Richard Thaler", The New York Times, October 9, 2017. Accessed October 11, 2017. "Professor Thaler, 72, was born in East Orange, N.J., and graduated from Case Western Reserve University before earning a doctorate in economics at the University of Rochester in 1974."
  234. Tom Verducci Archive, Sports Illustrated, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 20, 2015. "Born in East Orange, New Jersey, and raised in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, Verducci led his high school football team to a state championship, calling his catch of the winning touchdown pass in the title game as the defining sports moment of his life."
  235. Albert Lincoln Vreeland, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
  236. Fitzgerald's Legislative Manual, 1970, p. 388. Accessed April 21, 2020. "James H. Wallwork (Rep., Short Hills) - James H. Wallwork lives at 94 Canoe Brook Road, Short Hills. He was born in East Orange, September 17, 1930."
  237. Hu, Winnie. "For a Singer's 1940s Alma Mater, a 21st-Century Gift", The New York Times, September 21, 2010. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Once a neighborhood school called Lincoln, it was renamed for Ms. Warwick, a winner of five Grammy awards, in 1996 after becoming a theme school for business. Ms. Warwick attended the school, which now draws students from across the district, in the late 1940s."
  238. Staff. "Mystery Plot: Whodunit in Newark?", The New York Times, August 26, 1994. Accessed February 6, 2012. "Ms. Wilson Wesley grew up in Ashford, Conn., and now lives in Montclair, N.J., with her husband and two daughters. But she lived in nearby East Orange in the early 1970s, and Tamara's yellow-and-green Cape Cod is modeled on her old house."
  239. Clark, Alice. "Barrence Whitfield: Walk On The Wild Side", Loudersound.com, September 7, 2015. Accessed January 20, 2020. "'We moved to East Orange, New Jersey when I was three,' says Whitfield, who to avoid confusion with Barry White, the 70s soul singer, adopted his Whitfield moniker in tribute to Motown producer Norman Whitfield."
  240. Simons, Marlise. "George Whitman, Paris Bookseller and Cultural Beacon, Is Dead at 98", The New York Times, December 14, 2011. Accessed December 18, 2011."George Whitman was born on Dec. 12, 1913, in East Orange, N.J., and grew up in Salem, Mass."
  241. William Halsted Wiley, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 11, 2007.
  242. Eftimiades, Maria. "Radio Personality Without Limits", The New York Times, July 2, 1989. Accessed May 24, 2012. "From his early days, growing up in East Orange, Mr. Williams has always had a passion for radio talk shows."
  243. Ragozzino, Joe. "Jocelyn Willoughby signs with University of Virginia", Essex News Daily, November 20, 2015. Accessed April 19, 2020. "Newark Academy senior Jocelyn Willoughby had cause to celebrate on National Letter of Intent Signing Day this month. Joined by family, friends and coaches, the East Orange resident signed her National Letter of Intent to play basketball for University of Virginia."

Further reading
  • Hart, William. East Orange. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2006.
  • Stuart, Mark A. A Centennial History of East Orange. East Orange, NJ: East Orange Centennial Committee, 1964.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.