Episinus

Episinus; Temporal range: Palaeogene– Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Episinus angulatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Theridiidae
Genus:	Episinus; Walckenaer, 1809[1]
Type species
	E. truncatus; Latreille, 1809
Species
	61, see text
Synonyms[1]
	Episinopsis Simon, 1894[2]; Hyocrea Simon, 1894[2]; Hyptimorpha Strand, 1906[2]; Penictis Simon, 1894[2]; Plocamis Simon, 1894[2];

Episinus is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1809.[3]

They can grow up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) long.[3]

Species

As of May 2020 it contains sixty-one species and one subspecies, found worldwide:[1]

E. affinis Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – India, Russia (Far East), Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Is.
E. albostriatus (Simon, 1895) – Peru
E. algiricus Lucas, 1846 – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Northwest Africa, Malta?
E. amoenus Banks, 1911 – USA, Mexico
E. angulatus (Blackwall, 1836) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Central Asia
E. antipodianus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New Zealand
E. aspus Levi, 1964 – Nicaragua
E. baoshanensis Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019 – China
E. bilineatus Simon, 1894 – South Africa
E. bimucronatus (Simon, 1895) – Venezuela
E. bishopi (Lessert, 1929) – Congo
E. cavernicola (Kulczyński, 1897) – Croatia, Slovenia
E. chiapensis Levi, 1955 – Mexico, Costa Rica (Cocos Is.)
E. chikunii Yoshida, 1985 – Japan
E. colima Levi, 1955 – Mexico to Panama
E. crysus Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil
E. cuzco Levi, 1967 – Peru
E. dominicus Levi, 1955 – Hispaniola
E. emanus Levi, 1964 – Panama
E. fontinalis Levy, 1985 – Israel
E. garisus Buckup & Marques, 1992 – Brazil
E. gibbus Zhu & Wang, 1995 – China
E. hickmani Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya
E. immundus (Keyserling, 1884) – Peru, Brazil
E. implexus (Simon, 1894) – Venezuela
E. israeliensis Levy, 1985 – Israel
E. jimmyi Chavari & Brescovit, 2014 – Colombia
E. juarezi Levi, 1955 – Mexico
E. kitazawai Yaginuma, 1958 – Russia (Kurile Is.), Japan
E. longabdomenus Zhu, 1998 – China
E. macrops Simon, 1903 – Equatorial Guinea, Congo
E. maculipes Cavanna, 1876 – Europe, Algeria, Turkey, Caucasus
- Episinus m. numidicus Kulczyński, 1905 – Algeria, Tunisia
E. maderianus Kulczyński, 1905 – Canary Is., Madeira
E. makiharai Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan
E. marignaci (Lessert, 1933) – Angola
E. meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
E. moyobamba Levi, 1964 – Peru
E. mucronatus (Simon, 1894) – Singapore
E. nadleri Levi, 1955 – Bahama Is., Jamaica
E. nanyue Yin, 2012 – China
E. nubilus Yaginuma, 1960 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Is.
E. panamensis Levi, 1955 – Panama
E. pentagonalis Chakrabarti, 2013 – India
E. porteri (Simon, 1901) – Chile, Argentina
E. punctisparsus Yoshida, 1983 – Taiwan
E. pyrus Levi, 1964 – Panama
E. rhomboidalis (Simon, 1895) – Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore
E. rio Levi, 1967 – Brazil
E. similanus Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand
E. similitudus Urquhart, 1893 – New Zealand
E. taibeli Caporiacco, 1949 – Ethiopia
E. teresopolis Levi, 1964 – Brazil
E. theridioides Simon, 1873 – Spain, France (mainland, Corsica), Italy (Sardinia)
E. truncatus Latreille, 1809 (type) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran
E. typicus (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
E. unitus Levi, 1964 – Cuba, Jamaica
E. variacorneus Chen, Peng & Zhao, 1992 – China
E. vaticus Levi, 1964 – Costa Rica, Panama
E. xiushanicus Zhu, 1998 – China
E. yoshidai Okuma, 1994 – Taiwan
E. zurlus Levi, 1964 – Venezuela

Formerly included:

E. bicorniger (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to Janula)
E. bicornis (Thorell, 1881) (Transferred to Janula)
E. bicruciatus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
E. bifrons (Thorell, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
E. caudifer Dönitz & Strand, 1906 (Transferred to Moneta)
E. coercerveus Roberts, 1978 (Transferred to Moneta)
E. conifer (Urquhart, 1886) (Transferred to Moneta)
E. erythrophthalmus (Simon, 1894) (Transferred to Janula)
E. gratiosus Bryant, 1940 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
E. longipes Keyserling, 1884 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
E. luteolimbatus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
E. malachinus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
E. marginatus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
E. minusculus Gertsch, 1936 (Transferred to Chrosiothes)
E. mirabilis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Transferred to Moneta)
E. modestus (Thorell, 1898) (Transferred to Janula)
E. nebulosus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
E. ocreatus (Simon, 1909) (Transferred to Janula)
E. paiki Seo, 1985 (Transferred to Moneta)
E. pictus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
E. recifensis Levi, 1964 (Transferred to Neopisinus)
E. salobrensis (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
E. spinigeroides Zhu & Song, 1992 (Transferred to Moneta)
E. tanikawai Yoshida, 1991 (Transferred to Moneta)
E. taprobanicus (Simon, 1895) (Transferred to Janula)
E. yoshimurai Yoshida, 1983 (Transferred to Moneta)

Nomen dubium

E. americanus Nicolet, 1849

References

"Gen. Episinus Walckenaer, 1809". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2020. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 127: 20.
Latreille, P. A. (1809). Genera crustaceorum et insectorum. Paris 4. pp. 370–371.

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[NMBE-1] "Gen. Episinus Walckenaer, 1809". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2020. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-06-19.

[Levi1962-2] Levi, H. W.; Levi, L. R. (1962). "The genera of the spider family Theridiidae". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 127: 20.

[Latr1809-3] Latreille, P. A. (1809). Genera crustaceorum et insectorum. Paris 4. pp. 370–371.

Episinus

Species

See also

References