Eumenophorinae

The Eumenophorinae are a subfamily of tarantula spiders (family Theraphosidae). They are known from genera distributed across Africa, southwestern countries in Saudi Arabia, and Madagascar and the associated islands.[2]

Eumenophorinae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Theraphosidae
Subfamily: Eumenophorinae
Pocock, 1897[1]
Genera

See text.

Distribution

At about 158-160 million years ago (Mya), Gondwana split up and the Indo-Madagascan plate drifted away from the rest of the super continent. At around 84-86 Mya, India split from Madagascar and drifted into Eurasia (66-55 Mya), to its current position. Therefore, all fauna in Gondwana (such as the Eumenophorinae) would be distributed on all three land masses.[2]

Characteristics

The Eumenophorinae have stridulatory spike setae on the coxae of all legs, and a "comb" of stiffened setae on the palpal femur. In 2005, Richard Gallon described the monotypic genus Mascaraneus, which lacks the stridulatory spike setae.[2]

Taxonomy

The monophyly of the Eumenophorinae has been confirmed in a number of molecular phylogenetic studies. However, these have included relatively few of the genera that have been placed in the subfamily at one time or another. A 2014 study included Anoploscelus and Phoneyusa.[3] A 2018 study included Hysterocrates, Monocentropus and Pelinobius.[4]

Genera

Genera that have been placed in the subfamily Eumenophorinae by various sources include:

References
  1. Raven, R.J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 1–180. hdl:2246/955.
  2. Mirza, Z.A.; Sanap, R.V. & Bhosale, H. (2014). "Preliminary review of Indian Eumenophorinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with description of a new genus and five new species from the Western Ghats". PLOS One. 9 (2): e87928. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087928. PMC 3925112. PMID 24551072.
  3. Guadanucci, J.P.L. (2014). "Theraphosidae phylogeny: relationships of the 'Ischnocolinae' genera (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)". Zoologica Scripta. 43 (5): 508–518. doi:10.1111/zsc.12065.
  4. Lüddecke, Tim; Krehenwinkel, Henrik; Canning, Gregory; Glaw, Frank; Longhorne, Stuart J.; Tänzler, René; Wendt, Ingo & Vences, Miguel (2018). "Discovering the silk road: Nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data resolve the phylogenetic relationships among theraphosid spider subfamilies". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 119: 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.015.
  5. Schmidt, G. (2003). "8.6 Eumenophorinae Pocock, 1897". Die Vogelspinnen: Eine weltweite Übersicht. Neue Brehm-Bücherei. Hohenwarsleben: Westarp Wissenschaften. pp. 207–216. ISBN 978-3-89432-899-3.
  6. Gallon, R.C. (2005). "On a new genus and species of theraphosid spider from Serpent Island, Mauritius (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Eumenophorinae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 13: 175–178. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
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