Euonymus hamiltonianus

Euonymus hamiltonianus, known by the common names Hamilton's spindletree[2] and Himalayan spindle,[3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae. It is native to Asia, where it is distributed in Afghanistan, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Burma.[4] This is one of the most common Euonymus species.[5] It is cultivated in gardens and landscapes in other parts of the world.

Euonymus hamiltonianus
Fruits
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Celastrales
Family: Celastraceae
Genus: Euonymus
Species:
E. hamiltonianus
Binomial name
Euonymus hamiltonianus
Synonyms

Euonymus lanceifolius
Euonymus nikoensis
Euonymus sieboldianus
Euonymus yedoensis
Euonymus bungeanum (misspelling)[1]

Description

In the wild, this species may grow to be a shrub of 3 meters or a tree up to 20 meters tall. The leaf blades are somewhat oval with pointed tips and measure up to 15 centimeters long. They are leathery to papery in texture with rough surfaces and slightly wavy edges. The inflorescence is a cymose cluster of several white flowers, each nearly a centimeter wide. The brown, yellowish, or reddish fruit capsule splits into four sections holding brown seeds with orange arils.[5]

  • Euonymus hamiltonianus trees
  • Detail of flowers
  • Leaves are ovate to elliptic
  • Trunk of Euonymus hamiltonianus
  • "Winter Glory" cultivar

Taxonomy

This species includes several varieties which some authorities maintain as separate species,[6] E. yedoensis.[4]

Cultivation

Like some other spindles, this plant is cultivated as an ornamental for its fall foliage, which can be many bright shades of red, pink, and yellow. The fruits and large seeds are also considered attractive. Cultivars include 'Coral Charm', which has light pink fruit capsules containing seeds with red arils, and 'Red Elf', a shrubbier breed with dark pink fruits and seeds with orange-red arils.[7]

Uses

A number of novel chemical compounds have been isolated from this plant, including the coumarins euonidiol and euoniside[8] and several triterpenes.[9]

References
  1. "ITIS Standard Report Page: Euonymus bungeanum". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  2. "Euonymus hamiltonianus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  3. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. "Euonymus hamiltonianus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  5. Euonymus hamiltonianus. Flora of China.
  6. Schulz, B. (2006). Studies of fruit and seed characters of selected Euonymus species. International Dendrology Society.
  7. Buchan, U. In focus: Euonymus. The Daily Telegraph. September 22, 2001.
  8. Tantray, M. A., et al. (2008). Two new coumarins from Euonymus hamiltonianus. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 44(1) 10-12.
  9. Tantray, M. A., et al. (2009). Glutinane triterpenes from the stem bark of Euonymus hamiltonianus. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 45(3) 377-80.
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