Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

The extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist.[1] This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger).

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Superficial muscles of the forearm. Extensor carpi radialis longus visible in blue.
Transverse section across the wrist and digits. (Ext. carp. rad. long. labeled at center left.)
Details
Origin	lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion	2nd metacarpal
Artery	radial artery
Nerve	radial nerve
Actions	extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist
Antagonist	Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Identifiers
Latin	musculus extensor carpi radialis longus
TA98	A04.6.02.040
TA2	2497
FMA	38494
Anatomical terms of muscle

Structure

It originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, from the lateral intermuscular septum, and by a few fibers from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.[2]

The fibers end at the upper third of the forearm in a flat tendon, which runs along the lateral border of the radius, beneath the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis; it then passes beneath the dorsal carpal ligament, where it lies in a groove on the back of the radius common to it and the extensor carpi radialis brevis, immediately behind the styloid process.

One of the three muscles of the radial forearm group, it initially lies beside the brachioradialis, but becomes mostly tendon early on. Passing between the brachioradialis and the extensor carpi radialis brevis, this tendon continues into the second tendon compartment together with the latter muscle.[2]

It is inserted into the dorsal surface of the base of the second metacarpal bone, on its radial side.[2]

Innervation

The extensor carpi radialis longus is a wrist extensor that is innervated by the radial nerve,[2][3] from spinal roots C6 and C7.[4] All other major extensor muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment (the extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, and extensor digiti minimi) are innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve.

Function

As the name suggests, this muscle is an extensor at the wrist joint and travels along the radial side of the arm, so will also abduct (radial abduction) the hand at the wrist.[2] That is, it manipulates the wrist so as to move the hand towards the thumb (i.e. abduction—away from the mid-position of the hand) and away from the palmar side (i.e. extension—increased angle between the palm and the front of the forearm).

Society and culture

Exercises

The muscle, like all extensors of the forearm, can be strengthened by exercise that resist its extension; Reverse wrist curls with dumbbells can be performed.

Additional images

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  Bones of left forearm. Posterior aspect.
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  Bones of the left hand. Dorsal surface.
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  Tendons of forefinger and vincula tendina.
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  Cross-section through the middle of the forearm.
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  Posterior surface of the forearm. Deep muscles.
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  Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna.
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  The mucous sheaths of the tendons on the back of the wrist.
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  Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
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  Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
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  Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
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  Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
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  Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
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  Muscles of upper limb. Cross section.

Notes

1. Garten, Hans (2013-01-01), Garten, Hans (ed.), "M. extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)", The Muscle Test Handbook, Churchill Livingstone, pp. 58–59, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3739-9.00029-8, ISBN 978-0-7020-3739-9, retrieved 2020-10-22
2. Color atlas and textbook of human anatomy : in three volumes. Platzer, Werner, Kahle, Werner, Frotscher, Michael (5th rev. and enlarged [English] ed.). Stuttgart: Thieme. 2003. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-58890-159-0. OCLC 54767617.CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: date and year (link)
3. Genet, François; Autret, Katell; Schnitzler, Alexis; Lautridou, Christine; Bernuz, Benjamin; Denormandie, Philippe; Allieu, Yves; Parratte, Bernard (December 2012). "Motor Branch of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Anatomic Localization". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 93 (12): 2309–2312. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.015. ISSN 0003-9993. PMID 22459176.
4. Bradley Bowden, Illustrated Atlas of the Skeletal Muscles, 2005

References

• Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.